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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This is a clinicopathologic study of 6 cases of alveolar soft-part sarcoma. The patients age ranges from 8 to 47 years. All patients are women. In 5 cases the localization of the primary tumor is the lower extremities. Histologically the tumors have a distinctive organoid pattern outlined by thin-walled capillaries and are composed of nests of large polyhedral cells with abundant finely granular, acidophilic cytoplasm. Two tumors, among the 4 tested cases, have cytoplasmic PAS positive diastase-resistant crystalline structures. Electron microscopic study of one tumor shows intracytoplasmic glycogen, small membrane-bound electron-dense granules, Golgi lamellae and crystalline structures. Immunoperoxidase study performed in one case reveals a positivity with antikeratin and anti-enolase (NSE) antibodies. The prognosis of this tumor is poor. The main metastasis are in the lung and in the brain. Often the patients develop metastasis before detection of the primary tumor. The histogenesis of alveolar soft part sarcoma and the identity of the characteristic crystalloids remain open for discussion.
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PMID:[Alveolar soft part sarcomas. Apropos of 6 cases and review of the literature]. 241 26

Ganglioglioma is a rare brain tumor which occurs in an infant and young adult. The term "ganglioglioma" was originally proposed by Ewing in 1926 and subsequently adopted by Courville in 1930. Histogenesis of ganglioglioma is still speculative, but the hypothesis that ganglioglioma is derived from hamartomatous sympathetic neurons is generally thought to be probable. Gangliogliomas of the brain arise frequently from the temporal lobe, frontal lobe, cerebellum and spinal cord. Its growth is gradual and clinically it is a benign tumor, but its malignant transformation has been reported. Ganglioglioma is a tumor composed of both neuronal and glial cells, but the ratio of these two-cell components varies a great deal from case to case and in different areas even of the same tumor. The authors experienced a cerebellar ganglioglioma in an infant which was successfully removed. Histopathological and immunohistochemical studies of the biopsy specimen have been done. That is, histopathological staining with H-E (hematoxylin eosin), PTAH (phosphotangustic acid hematoxylin), cresyl-violet and Bodian, and electron microscopical studies were performed. Also the authors immunohistochemically examined the presence or absence of GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein), NSE (neuron specific enolase), S-100 alpha and beta subunits. Histopathologically, the authors could find nerve fiber, glial fiber and identify neuronal cells which had Nisslgranules in the cytoplasm. Electron microscopically the authors could distinguish the neuronal cells which had large nuclei and prominant nucleoli from the glial cells which had processes filled with intermediate glial filaments.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[A case of cerebellar ganglioglioma in an infant--immunohistochemical study]. 241 29

Skin biopsy specimens from 12 elderly patients with Merkel cell tumors were investigated. Conventional light microscopy and immunohistochemical techniques were used. All of the tumors had similar morphologic features. Immunoreactivity for neuronspecific enolase, gastrin, calcitonin, and epithelial membrane-like antigen was demonstrated, and both neurofilaments and keratin filaments were observed. The immunohistochemical findings supported a Merkel cell origin for these Merkel cell tumors. The co-expression of neuroendocrine and epithelial markers in Merkel cell carcinomas is suggestive of neuroendocrine differentiation in a neoplasm of epithelial origin. Merkel cell carcinomas share many characteristics with neuroendocrine tumors of the bronchopulmonary and gastrointestinal tracts. All of these neoplasms may originate from cells of similar types that are present in several organs.
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PMID:Merkel cell tumor of the skin: an immunohistochemical study. 241 38

Small cell carcinomas of the prostate gland are rare, and their histogenesis and clinical behavior remain poorly defined. We report a case with antidiuretic hormone secretion, which demonstrates direct transformation of the adenocarcinoma into the small cell component. The adenocarcinoma reacted positively for prostatic antigen, and negatively for carcinoembryonic antigen and neuron specific enolase, whereas the small cell component was negative for prostatic antigen, and positive for carcinoembryonic antigen and neuron specific enolase. At biopsy this was interpreted as denoting 2 separate tumors: one of prostatic and the other of nonprostatic origin. The clinical course was rapidly fatal but otherwise manifested the metastatic pattern of prostatic carcinoma. We caution that immunohistochemical reactions may be misleading if not interpreted in the context of other findings in the case. This case is labeled as a small cell carcinoma rather than a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the ordinary type because the tumor exhibited morphological, immunohistochemical and biological features typical for that neoplasm.
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PMID:Small cell carcinoma of the prostate gland with inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion: morphological, immunohistochemical and clinical expressions. 242 10

The polyoma middle tumor antigen (MTAg) associates with the src proto-oncogene product pp60c-src in infected or transformed rodent cells. The tyrosine protein kinase activity of pp60c-src, as measured by in vitro phosphorylation of pp60c-src itself or the exogenous substrate enolase, was increased 10- to 20-fold in cells transformed or infected with transformation-competent polyoma virus compared with controls. pp60c-src associated with MTAg and precipitated with polyoma antitumor serum had a novel site(s) of in vitro tyrosine phosphorylation within its amino-terminal domain. These observations suggest that association of MTAg with pp60c-src alters the accessibility of pp60c-src tyrosine residues for phosphorylation in vitro and increases pp60c-src protein kinase activity. Several transformation-defective mutants of MTAg did not cause amino-terminal tyrosine phosphorylation of pp60c-src in vitro or enhance its protein kinase activity, suggesting that these properties correlate with the transforming ability of MTAg. However, one transformation-defective MTAg mutant, dl1015, did cause amino-terminal tyrosine phosphorylation of pp60c-src in vitro and did enhance its protein kinase activity. This suggests that properties of MTAg, in addition to modifying the structure and function of pp60c-src, may be important for transformation.
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PMID:Structural and functional modification of pp60c-src associated with polyoma middle tumor antigen from infected or transformed cells. 242 73

Twenty-eight malignant olfactory neural tumors representative of the histologic spectrum commonly designated as olfactory neuroblastoma were subdivided into two groups: Group I closely resembling classical neuroblastoma (20 cases), and Group II exhibiting neuroendocrine features (eight cases). Immunohistochemically, the tumors were analyzed by using antibodies to keratin, neurofilament protein, S-100, and neuron specific enolase. Neuron specific enolase was the most consistently positive in both groups. Single S-100 positive cells, within or at the edges of tumor nests, often corresponded ultrastructurally to Schwann cells at the tumor-stroma interface. Keratin and neurofilament proteins were expressed singly or together by a small number of cases in both groups. All 11 tumors examined ultrastructurally exhibited neuronal processes containing dense-core granules. The results indicate the following: (a) the reliable diagnostic utility of electron microscopy; (b) the frequent occurrence of Schwann cells in these tumors despite their inconspicuousness by light microscopy; and (c) the unexpected expression of keratin by tumors in both groups. The single or coexpression of keratin-neurofilament protein may define a subset of these tumors for which the clinical significance is presently unclear.
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PMID:The spectrum of olfactory neural tumors. A light-microscopic immunohistochemical and ultrastructural analysis. 242 66

Periodic acid-Schiff-lead hematoxylin is evaluated for light microscopic diagnosis of pulmonary endocrine cell tumors. Twenty-eight aldehyde-fixed primary human lung tumors were examined by electron microscopy. Fifteen were classified as endocrine (one carcinoid, six small-cell carcinomas, and an "atypical" group of eight with diverse histologies), based on possession of characteristic submicronic, dense-cored cytoplasmic granules. Electron probe analysis in the carcinoid tumor established that dense-cored granules were equivalent to lead hematoxylin-stained granules, which were visible in glycol methacrylate sections as seen on light microscopy. Lead hematoxylin-positive granules were also seen in seven of eight "atypical" tumors, three small cell carcinomas, a glucagonoma, and a chemodectoma. Findings were equivocal in two small cell carcinomas, and negative in all other lung tumors. In overall diagnostic acuity, periodic acid-Schiff-lead hematoxylin equals electron microscopy, surpasses argyrophilia, serotonin fluorescence, and immunolocalization of polypeptide hormones. It is approached only by antineuron-specific enolase immunoreactivity.
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PMID:Periodic acid-Schiff-lead hematoxylin as a marker for the endocrine phenotype in human lung tumors. 242 39

Nine years after biopsy and radiation therapy for an extramedullary plasmacytoma of the nasal cavity, a 64-year-old man developed locally recurrent tumor. Repeat biopsy revealed tumor identical in hematoxylin and eosin stain (H & E) appearance to that found originally, leading to the diagnosis of recurrent extramedullary plasmacytoma. Neither the original tumor or its recurrence demonstrated features characteristic of esthesioneuroblastoma (e.g., nests, rosettes, ganglion cells, or fibrillary background). However, Gremilus staining and neuron specific enolase tests (immunoperoxidase method), done strictly as a teaching exercise, were strongly positive and eventually resulted in an altered diagnosis to esthesioneuroblastoma. This case underscores the difficulty that may be encountered in distinguishing these two pathologic entities of the nasal cavity solely on the basis of H & E staining. In view of differences in staging, evaluation, prognosis, and management, accurate differentiation of these two relatively uncommon tumors of the nasal cavity is of immediate clinical importance. These observations suggest that care should be taken to exclude the possibility of esthesioneuroblastoma before making the histologic diagnosis of extramedullary plasmacytoma of the nasal cavity.
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PMID:Esthesioneuroblastoma masquerading as extramedullary plasmacytoma. 243 30

The clinicopathologic, immunocytochemical, and ultrastructural features of 12 small cell undifferentiated carcinomas (SCUCs) of the urinary bladder are herein reported. The patients ranged in age from 50 to 82 years (median, 76 years). Ten patients were male and two were female. Gross hematuria was the most frequent complaint (67%). Five patients died of disease (median survival, 4 months), three patients are still living with unresectable disease after 6, 10, and 12 months, and four patients were only recently diagnosed. Grossly, most of the tumors were large polypoid masses. On light-microscopic examination, they resembled the intermediate and oat cell variants of pulmonary SCUC. Eight SCUC were associated with other forms of in situ or invasive carcinoma, including transitional cell carcinoma (seven cases), adenocarcinoma (three cases), squamous cell carcinoma (three cases), spindle cell carcinoma (one case), and atypical carcinoid tumor (one case). Immunocytochemically, 11 of the 12 tumors expressed one or more epithelial cell markers (epithelial membrane antigen, human milk fat globule protein-2, cytokeratin). Eleven of the 12 SCUCs were also positive for one or more neuroendocrine markers (neuron specific enolase, chromogranin, Leu-7, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, serotonin). Electron microscopy performed on seven tumors demonstrated dense-core granules (150-250 nm) in all cases, with tonofilaments in four cases, dendrite-like processes in two cases, and intercellular lumina in one case. The clinicopathologic features of 18 previously reported SCUC of the urinary bladder are also reviewed. SCUC arising in this location is an aggressive neoplasm that often demonstrates multidirectional differentiation, including the frequent but not invariable expression of neuroendocrine features.
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PMID:Small cell undifferentiated carcinoma of the urinary bladder. A light-microscopic, immunocytochemical, and ultrastructural study of 12 cases. 244 15

Follicular, papillary, anaplastic and medullary cancers of the thyroid were investigated using immunohistochemical methods. The following antibodies were used: anti-S-100, antineuron-specific enolase (NSE), antikeratin, antithyroglobulin, anticalcitonin, anticarcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), antiepithelial membrane antigen (EMA); the following hormones were also tested in the medullary carcinoma: gastrin, ACTH and serotonin. Papillary and follicular carcinoma in particular reacted with anti-S-100 and anti-NSE; the anaplastic neoplasia reacted with anti-S-100 (25%), anti-NSE (12%), antikeratin (12%), antithyroglobulin (12%), anti-CEA (37%) and anti-EMA (37%). Medullary carcinoma reacted with anticalcitonin (100%), anti-CEA (96%), anti-NSE (79%), anti-EMA (4%) and anti-S-100 (17%). We were not able to correlate the virulence of the medullary carcinoma with the anticalcitonin and anti-CEA reactivity, while the hyperplastic C cells were immunoreactive both with calcitonin or with CEA.
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PMID:An immunohistochemical study in thyroid cancer. 244 41


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