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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A case of amelanotic malignant melanoma of the esophagus in a 76-year-old woman is reported. A whitish polypoid tumor, measuring 3 x 2 x 2.7 cm, surrounded by black pigmented mucosa, was detected in the middle intrathoracic esophagus. The tumor showed a lobulated surface lined by squamous cell layer, and had epithelioid and polyhedral cells forming alveolar clusters. Melanin pigments or stainability for the dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) reaction were only observed in a few tumor cells. Junctional changes and mucosal melanosis, however, were found freely in the mucosa around the tumor. Many tumor cells showed a strongly positive immunohistochemical reaction for neuron specific enolase (NSE) and S100 protein. The patient died of widespread metastases six months after surgery. Further, a review of 106 reported cases of primary esophageal malignant melanoma, including 29 autopsies, was made; the melanomas were found to include 10 of amelanotic type, eight of which had been misdiagnosed at biopsy. Junctional changes could be found in the mucosa over or around the tumor, in four cases, and mucosal melanosis in one. Lymph node metastasis was the most frequently observed development at autopsy regardless of whether the tumor was amelanotic or melanotic. For correct diagnoses of melanomas of the amelanotic type, peripheral mucosal findings, such as junctional changes or melanosis, should be helpful; and, in order to obtain a good prognosis, a careful resection of the regional lymph nodes could prove valuable.
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PMID:Amelanotic malignant melanoma of the esophagus: case report and review of the literature. 225 5

Primary neoplasms of choroid plexus are rare. Six morphological variants have been described: papillary, cystic, acinar, mucus-secreting, oncocytic, and anaplastic. The anaplastic variant, the so-called choroid plexus carcinoma, is the rarest of all and can metastasize. The differential diagnosis of the anaplastic variant of choroid plexus neoplasms with adenocarcinomas, melanomas and undifferentiated neoplasms can be troublesome chiefly in adults. The now large use of immunocytochemical techniques in tissue section has become a powerful tool in the analysis of cell lineages, tumoral and non-tumoral. Nevertheless, the choroid plexus neoplasms have shown a complex and a somewhat confusing pattern of antigenic expression. In two choroid plexus carcinomas (one localized in the right lateral ventricle from a boy of 1 year and 9 months old, and the other localized in the left lateral ventricle from a girl of 3 years old) the following antigens were searched (using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex): glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) with monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies; cytokeratins of 40-50kDa, cytokeratins of 60-70kDA (callus cytokeratin), neuronal specific enolase (NSE) and S-100 protein with monoclonal antibodies. The two neoplasms showed immunoreactivity against NSE, S-100 protein and cytokeratin of 40-50kDA. The neoplasm of the boy exhibited glial differentiation having immunoreactivity against GFAP with monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies.
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PMID:[Antigenic expression in human choroid plexus carcinoma: report of 2 cases]. 226 88

A carcinoma arising in the skin of the lip metastasized to the lymph nodes in the neck of a 53-year-old white man. Electron microscopy of the initial excisional biopsy specimen revealed that the tumor cells contained dense-cored vesicles (100 nm in diameter) in their cytoplasm and were joined by simple junctions. Cells from the nodal metastases were found to be immunoreactive for neuronspecific enolase, keratin intermediate filaments, and chromogranin A, but not for neurofilaments. The tumor was thus classified as a neuroendocrine skin carcinoma. In addition, its metastatic cells shared immunoreactive and ultrastructural characteristics of Merkel cells, which are situated in the basal epidermis of normal skin. Primary cultures from a nodal metastasis were established and characterized. The cells attached and proliferated on culture flask surfaces. The population-doubling time was 2 days. This is the first report where cells from a neuroendocrine skin carcinoma have been demonstrated to retain their characteristic ultrastructure in an in vitro environment (10 days). Studies of cells cultured from neuroendocrine skin carcinomas may prove useful in understanding the pathobiology of this disease and help define the in vitro growth requirements of nontransformed Merkel cells as well.
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PMID:Primary culture of cells arising from a neuroendocrine skin carcinoma. 226 98

Thirteen cases of primary thymic carcinomas are described. The patients' ages ranged from 19 to 64 years, with a median of 40 years. Nine of them were male. Chest pain with or without cough was the main presenting symptom. No patient had myasthenia gravis. Five histological types were identified; two were undifferentiated (lymphoepithelioma-like) carcinoma, one was a clear-cell carcinoma, two were mixed squamous and small-cell carcinoma, and six were squamous cell carcinoma. All the tumors were variably positive for anti-keratin antibody AE1 and AE3, but negative for AE2. Anti-neuron specific enolase antibody was useful in identifying and confirming the small-cell carcinoma component of the mixed carcinomas. Anti-epithelial membrane antigen antibody aided in revealing the glandular structures in mixed adenosquamous and small-cell carcinomas. Thymic carcinomas were histopathologically differentiated from thymomas by their malignant cytological appearance, increased mitotic activity, and central tumor necrosis. All six patients with pure squamous-cell carcinoma were still alive, with a median survival time of 27 months. All but one of the other patients of different histological types died, the exception being a recent case of mixed adenosquamous and small-cell carcinoma; their median survival was 19.5 months, or 18 months when the latter surviving case is included. The prognosis of patients with pure squamous-cell carcinoma was better.
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PMID:Thymic carcinomas: histopathological varieties and immunohistochemical study. 229 78

A case of extraskeletal Ewing's sarcoma arising in the chest wall of a 15-year-old male is reported in this paper. His complaint was chest and back pain. Physical examination and laboratory data disclosed no abnormality. Radiographs and computed tomography revealed chest wall tumor, and resection of the tumor with a portion of the eighth rib was performed. Histologically, there was no involvement of the rib at all. The tumor tissue was composed of solidly packed tumor cells which were uniform in size and shape. Individual tumor cells were small, round-shaped, and had scanty, ill-defined cytoplasm. The diastase-digested, PAS positive material was found in the cytoplasm. NSE (neuron specific enolase) was positive, but EMA (epithelial membrane antigen) LCA (leucocyte common antigen), and keratin were negative. With these results, we got a diagnosis of extraskeletal Ewing's sarcoma. Combination chemotherapy with vincristine, cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, actinomycin D was administered after operation, and there is no evidence of recurrence after 12 months of follow-up.
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PMID:[A case of extraskeletal Ewing's sarcoma of the chest wall]. 231 13

Twelve cases of alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) were reviewed. Seven of them arose primarily in the lower extremities, three in the head and neck region, and two in other parts. ASPSs in the head and neck region occurred in children before 10 years of age, whereas ASPSs in the other regions occurred in rather older patients. Moreover, ASPSs of the head and neck were relatively small in size, and were diagnosed earlier than those in other regions. Histologically, six cases (including all the head and neck cases) contained considerable area of small and indistinct alveolar structures. Four cases showed remarkable cellular pleomorphism. Immunohistochemical demonstration of vimentin, desmin, the beta-subunit of enolase and the MM isozyme of creatine kinase, together with the absence of immunoreactive cytokeratin, supported the myogenic nature of this rare tumor. A small number of S-100 protein-positive tumor cells were also observed. Follow-up data for these cases disclosed that the tumors containing considerable area of small alveoli and uniform small tumor cells formed distant metastases at an early stage.
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PMID:Alveolar soft part sarcoma. A clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 12 cases. 236 Apr 59

The specific activity of hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, aldolase, enolase, pyruvate kinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase was measured in 41 smooth muscle cell tumors: 20 leiomyomas and 21 cases of leiomyosarcoma. Statistical analysis revealed no significant differences in specific activity between normal smooth muscle tissue and the benign and malignant tumors originating from it. Quantification of the isozyme composition of pyruvate kinase showed a significant shift in isozyme pattern towards K-type subunits in leiomyosarcomas as compared to leiomyomas.
Tumour Biol 1990
PMID:Activity of glycolytic enzymes and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in smooth muscle proliferation. 237 98

7 gastrinomes and 1 gastrin-producer complex carcinoma-carcinoid tumor were examined by light and electron microscopical-method and by immunohistochemical method. In six cases, the tumor was in the pancreas or in the wall of duodenum; in two cases its localisation was of extra-gastroenteropancreatic (liver, lymph node). All patients developed Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, three patients bled and one had diarrhea. One patient had other tumors, besides gastrinome, which were characteristic of MEN-I syndrome. By immunohistochemical methods all tumors proved to be gastrin and neuron-specific-enolase positive. In four cases somatostatin positivity, in some cases glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide, S-100 protein, keratin and carcinoembryonal antigen positivity were detected. Relation could not be detected between other polypeptide hormones, produced besides gastrin, and biological behaviour of tumor and clinical symptoms.
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PMID:[Gastrinoma and carcinoma-carcinoid tumor causing Zollinger-Ellison syndrome]. 238 29

An 84-year-old man with Merkel cell carcinoma in the right upper-eyelid is reported. The patient presented with a rapidly growing, reddish-purple, solid tumor with a relatively well-defined margin in the skin of the lid. Increased neuron specific enolase content in the blood returned to normal several months after resection of the tumor and 70 Gy postoperative cobalt radiation. Histopathologic examination of the resected specimen revealed that the tumor was limited by intact epidermis and occupied by moderate-sized, round malignant cells with marked mitoses and scant cytoplasm. The neoplastic cells were positively stained by labeled antibodies for neuron specific enolase, keratin and epithelial membrane antigen. Electron microscopic examination showed abundant perinuclear microfilaments and dense core granules.
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PMID:[A case of Merkel cell carcinoma of the eyelid]. 240 49

A 68-year-old man referred to the hospital because of a swelling of his bilateral cervical, left supraclavicular, and left axillary lymph nodes, and an ulcerated tumor in the right palatine tonsil. Three years previously, he had undergone a local excision in the left forearm of a skin tumor that had been pathologically diagnosed as a Merkel cell tumor. CT scan demonstrated an abdominal mass and his serum neurospecific-enolase (NSE) was found to be 20.3 ng/ml. Following biopsies of the lymph nodes and the tumor in the right tonsil, a metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma was diagnosed. Systemic chemotherapy thus was begun with doses of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin and vincristine. After three cycles were completed, tumor were no longer present and his NSE returned to normal. Three months after the discontinuance of chemotherapy, he remains disease-free.
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PMID:[A metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma successfully treated with chemotherapy]. 240 9


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