Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 3 1/2-year-old girl with a diagnosis of common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen (CALLA)-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia was noted to be hypertensive and developed a tonic-clonic seizure. Computed tomography scan of the head revealed a right orbital mass. Orbital fine needle aspiration biopsy demonstrated rosette-like arrangements of cells with fibrillar cytoplasmic processes suggesting neuroblastoma. The tumor cells were antineuron-specific enolase positive. The cytologic findings suggested neuroblastoma, a diagnosis confirmed on subsequent work-up. The difficulty in distinguishing neuroblastoma from acute lymphoblastic leukemia in the pediatric patient is discussed in terms of clinical and cytologic features.
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PMID:Neuroblastoma presenting as acute lymphoblastic leukemia but correctly diagnosed after orbital fine-needle aspiration biopsy. 183 97

A new xenotransplantable tumor line, MED-FU, was derived from a 6-year-old female patient with cerebellar medulloblastoma. This tumor was grown in nude mice as serially transplantable subcutaneous xenografts composed of small round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei and scant cytoplasm. Many rosettes and mitoses were observed. Immunohistochemically, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), S-100 protein, and neuron specific enolase (NSE) were not detected. The doubling time of the subcutaneous tumors was 6.8 days. Highly concentrated polyamines were detected in the tumor tissue and serum of tumor-bearing mice. This xenotransplanted tumor line, MED-FU, is considered to provide an available experimental model for the study of human medulloblastoma.
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PMID:Establishment and characterization of human medulloblastoma xenograft line. 186 66

Serum neuron specific enolase (NSE) was determined in 159 patients with neuroblastoma at diagnosis and in 183 children of various age groups. We found an age dependence of reference intervals for NSE and defined the 95th percentiles as upper normal limits. The specificity was 91.3% and the sensitivity 73.0%. The incidence of abnormal NSE levels increased with stage. The NSE serum levels were not influenced by histologic differentiation. Neuron specific enolase proved to be a reliable tumor-marker for monitoring the disease. Moreover, abnormal NSE values at diagnosis were of prognostic significance for patients with localized neuroblastoma (stages I-III) and for children with metastatic disease (stage IV), but not for infants with stage IV S. In comparison to catecholamine metabolite determination neuron specific enolase appeared to be a slightly less specific, equally sensitive tumor marker but with prognostic information for children with neuroblastoma.
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PMID:Age dependence and prognostic impact of neuron specific enolase (NSE) in children with neuroblastoma. 189 81

The gross, histomorphologic, cytochemical, and immunocytochemical findings in 16 dogs with medullary thyroid carcinoma were evaluated. Grossly, the neoplasms were encapsulated, firm, lobulated, and grey-white to tan. The typical histologic pattern was groups or sheets of round to polygonal cells with fibrovascular stroma, which was thickened and hyalinized in places. Variants of clear cell (two dogs), giant cell (one dog), and oxyphil cell (one dog) types were also seen. In all 16 dogs, Grimelius-stained sections of the neoplasms revealed intracytoplasmic silver granules; ten tumors contained amyloid and four contained mucin. Immunohistochemically, the neoplasms reacted to AE1/AE3 (n = 13), S-100 protein (n = 5), neuron specific enolase (n = 14), synaptophysin (n = 11), calcitonin (n = 16), somatostatin (n = 4), gastrin (n = 7), and serotonin (n = 6). Only one neoplasm was positive for vimentin. None of the neoplasms reacted to antibodies for neurofilaments, thyroglobulin, insulin, glucagon, or adrenocorticotrophic hormone. Eleven neoplasms contained multiple (two to four) peptides, in various combinations. It was concluded that in dogs, gross and histologic features can be used to distinguish medullary thyroid carcinoma from other thyroid malignancies. Cytochemical and immunocytochemical studies with neuron specific enolase, synaptophysin, and calcitonin can be used to establish the diagnosis of medullary thyroid carcinoma in dogs.
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PMID:Gross, histologic, cytochemical, and immunocytochemical study of medullary thyroid carcinoma in sixteen dogs. 190 46

Twenty tumors of the peripheral sympathetic nervous system were investigated using a spectrum of antibodies against vimentin, neurofilament triplet, S-100 protein, neuronal specific enolase (NSE), chromogranin, synaptophysin, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. There were two ganglioneuromas, seven stroma rich neuroblastomas (composite ganglioneuroblastomas), five undifferentiated and six differentiating stroma poor neuroblastomas (NB) included in the series. Formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded material was used. The results showed that reactivity of the antibodies was relatively high, except the reactivity against synaptophysin. The tumor cell population showed a heterogeneous positivity in all cases. Only some undifferentiated NB were positive with the employed antibodies, which reduces the diagnostic benefit in a group of NB in which diagnostic demands of the immunohistochemistry are most important. The best results in undifferentiated NB were obtained with polyclonal antibody against NSE. This antibody is, however, not specific. Positive results of the immunohistochemistry in this group of tumors should be evaluated with caution.
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PMID:[Tumors of the peripheral sympathetic nervous system in childhood. Immunohistochemical study]. 191 29

The present study has been carried out in order to evaluate the role of tumor markers in the presurgical assessment of patients with bronchial carcinoma. The carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), the neuron specific enolase (NSE), the tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA), the carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) and the carbohydrate antigen 50 (CA 50) have been preoperatively measured in 133 subjects with potentially resectable lung cancers, and in 75 healthy smokers. Sixty-one patients had squamous cell carcinoma, 55 adenocarcinoma and 17 small cell carcinoma. Lobectomy (or bilobectomy) was performed in 74 cases, pneumonectomy in 36 cases, exploratory thoracotomy in 15 cases and a palliative resection in 8 cases. When individual markers were considered, TPA showed the highest sensitivity (85%) and CA 19-9 the lowest sensitivity (11%). Specificity was uniformly superior to 90%. When marker associations were considered, the combined measurement of TPA and NSE gave the best results: both the sensitivity and specificity rates approached 90%. The application of the TPA-NSE association allowed detection of 94% of small cell carcinomas, 89% of adenocarcinomas and 85% of squamous cell carcinomas. A positive correlation was found between the complete resectability of lung cancer and serum levels of CEA, CA 50 and CA 19-9. By using the discriminant analysis, a statistical model yielding identification of about 74% of patients with tumors which were judged potentially resectable according to the pre-operative non-invasive diagnostic procedures and were found to be unresectable at thoracotomy, has been get available.
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PMID:[Tumor markers. I. Their significance in the preoperative assessment of lung neoplasms]. 196 95

The significance of neuron specific enolase (NSE) was investigated in comparison with other tumor markers (CEA, CT, CA 15-3) used in the diagnosis and treatment monitoring of lung cancer. As previously described, the calcitonin assay proved to have very low sensitivity for small cell lung cancer (SCLC). The serum NSE assay was, however, shown to be a useful diagnostic aid for discrimination between histologically different lung cancers, and therefore this assay may be a valuable tool for treatment monitoring in SCLC patients. CA 15-3, also an unspecific marker, showed similar sensitivity to the NSE assay in SCLC patients, the sensitivity being higher than CEA in non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
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PMID:Serum NSE, CEA, CT, CA 15-3 levels in human lung cancer. 196 44

Neuron-specific enolase (EC 4.2.1.11; NSE), a glycolytic enzyme produced by neuronal and neuroendocrine cells, is used as a tumor marker of neuroendocrine cancers, especially small-cell lung cancer. We have evaluated the behavior of NSE in nonmalignant liver diseases in 161 patients who underwent a thorough clinical and biochemical evaluation. Nine of the 161 patients (5.6%)--three of the 86 cirrhotic patients (3.5%), and six of the 75 noncirrhotics (8%)--had abnormal concentrations of NSE. Of the numerous clinical and analytical factors considered, none correlated significantly with NSE. The low false-positive rate, similar to or even lower than for other benign diseases, and the absence of association with the numerous characteristics of liver diseases that we studied, support the lack of any substantial metabolism of NSE by the liver. Consequently, the coexistence of a benign liver disease does not limit the usefulness of this enzyme as a tumor marker.
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PMID:Neuron-specific enolase concentrations in serum in benign liver diseases. 201 76

A new human neuroblastoma cell line (LS) that originated from an abdominal tumor of a 16-month-old girl is presented; it was classified, according to Evans, as being stage III. Morphological (dense-core particles) and biochemical characteristics (dopamine-beta-hydroxylase, acetylcholinesterase, neuron-specific-enolase) confirmed the diagnosis. In addition to a slightly variable modal chromosome number of 48 or 49 (because of marker-chromosomes and autosomal trisomies), cytogenetic analysis revealed two constantly appearing chromosomes with homogeneously stained regions (HSR's). The karyotype remained constant over 50 passages in vitro [49,XX, -12, +der5, + 17, + mar1, + mar2]. Double minutes were a rare phenomenon and appeared only in a few metaphases. In situ hybridization showed that some of the HSR's consisted of amplified N-myc copies. The distribution of the N-myc copies according to in situ hybridization signals along the HSR's was compared with the data of Southern and Northern blotting analyses.
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PMID:Cytogenetic and molecular characterization of a newly established neuroblastoma cell line LS. 202 21

We report a 16-year-old boy with esthesioneuroblastoma that presented with a unilateral tumor extending to the maxillary sinus and periorbital region. Despite initial therapy with gross resection, 5,682 cGy to the tumor bed and chemotherapy, the patient subsequently had a rapid local recurrence with distant metastases. Immunocytochemical, ultrastructural, cytogenetic, and molecular techniques were performed to determine if this tumor was biologically similar to childhood neuroblastoma. Urinary excretion of vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) and homovanillic acid (HVA) were markedly elevated. Chromogranin and neuron specific enolase immunostaining of tumor cells was positive, as seen in neuroblastoma. Electron microscopic studies showed cells that were closely packed and connected by occasional cell junctions. The cell cytoplasm contained moderate amounts of filaments and microtubules. Numerous electron dense granules were observed; however, these granules lacked distinct nucleoids and generally reacted strongly for acid phosphatase, indicating a lysosomal rather than a secretory function. Tumor cells contained near-pseudotetraploid chromosomes, with all chromosomes represented at least three times, and chromosome 5 was present in multiples of eight. Clonal structural abnormalities included 2q+ and 5q+ and multiple double minutes. Northern blot analysis revealed both c-myc and N-myc expression; however, N-myc amplification was not demonstrated, and c-myc expression appeared increased, unlike cases of rapidly progressive neuroblastoma. These results suggest that despite biologic similarities to neuroblastoma in catecholamine excretion and some ultrastructural features, molecular genetic abnormalities differ in this comparatively aggressive case of estesioneuroblastoma.
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PMID:Cytogenetic and molecular evaluation of clinically aggressive esthesioneuroblastoma. 202 81


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