Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Liposomes encapuslating positron emitters are applicable for diagnostic imaging and are useful to investigate the real-time liposomal trafficking in vivo. Long-circulating liposomes encapsulaing [2-(18)F]-2-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose were administrated to tumor-bearing mice, and a PET scan was performed. Small-sized long-circulating liposomes (100 nm) tended to accumulate in tumor tissues of tumor-bearing mice as compared with conventional liposomes. Then the size effect on trafficking of long-circulating liposomes was investigated. Large-sized liposomes (>300 nm) accumulated in liver and spleen in a time dependent manner. On the contrary, small-sized ones (<200 nm) were transiently accumulated in the liver right after injection, but the accumulation decreased time dependently, suggesting that, although the majority of small long-circulating liposomes remain in bloodstream, some extravasate once into interstitial spaces in liver which re-enter into bloodstream again. Next the trafficking of so-called long-circulating liposomes, i.e., liposomes modified with ganglioside GM1, palmityl glucuronide (PGlcUA), and polyethylene glycol (PEG), in tumor-bearing mice was examined. The accumulation of all three kinds of long-circulating liposomes in liver decreased time-dependently, and PGlcUA-liposomes could avoid liver-trapping the most efficiently. Tumor accumulation of liposomes was obvious for PGlcUA-liposomes and PEG-liposomes from immediately after injection, but not for GM1-liposomes. Finally, the trafficking of differently charged liposomes was investigated in normal mice. The accumulation of positively charged liposomes containing 1,2-dimyristyloxypropyl-3-dimethyl-hydroxyethyl bromide was different from that of neutral and negatively charged DCP-liposomes. The agglutinability of and serum protein ginding to positively charged liposomes were marked, suggesting that these factors affect the high accumulation of DMRIE-liposomes in liver. Non-invasive PET analysis of liposomal trafficking is beneficial for obtaining information about liposomal drug delivery, and long-circulating liposomes might be useful for diagnostic tumor imaging by PET.
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PMID:Delivery of contrast agents for positron emission tomography imaging by liposomes. 1083 26

Many of the discoveries of multidrug resistance (MDR) have resulted from studies using drug-resistant cultured tumor cell lines as experimental models. To date, there has been no report on the detailed characterization of such a cell line from renal cell carcinoma (RCC). By long-term exposure of an established RCC (RCC8701) to increasing concentrations of adriamycin, we established a series of subcultures that were considerably more resistant to the cytotoxic effect of this drug. Biological morphology and cell cycles were analyzed by morphometry and flow cytometry. The chemoresistance index of cells were measured by methyl tetrazolium assay. For evaluation of the expression of MDR-related protein (MRP), mdr-1, glutathione transferase (GST-pi), and topoisomerase II mRNAs, the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used. Membranous expression of mdr-1-related p-glycoprotein was analyzed by immunofluorescence cytometry. The intracellular content of both glutathione (GSH) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH) were measured using a capillary electrophoresis method. Compared with parent cells, the resistant sublines had a slower growth rate and lower confluent density. They were smaller and mixed with giant cells in different sizes and with different numbers of nucleoli. Flow cytometric analyses showed that resistant cells had a greater percentage of cells in the G2/M phase. The resistant cells, RCC8701/ADR800, were 122 times more resistant to adriamycin and 238 times more resistant to epirubicin than the parent cells. The resistant cells also demonstrated cross-resistance to cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil. In addition to MRP, the contents of mRNA coding for mdr-1, GST-pi, and topoisomerase II in the MDR sublines were higher than in the native cell line. A higher content of cytoplasmic GSH and G-6-PDH were found in the resistant cells; however, the expression of the MDR-related membranous glycoprotein, p-glycoprotein, was not raised. The adriamycin-induced MDR sublines may be used as an experimental system for the search of a means to overcome drug resistance and elucidate possible mechanisms of acquired MDR involved in human renal cancer.
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PMID:Establishment and characterization of renal cell carcinoma cell lines with multidrug resistance. 1085 Jun 29

Retained fetal expression of angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE, CD143) has recently been shown in intratubular germ cell neoplasms (IGCN) and invasive germ cell tumors (GCT), suggesting the somatic isoform (sACE) as a characteristic component of neoplastic germ cells. We analyzed the distribution of sACE in 159 testicular GCT, including 87 IGCN. sACE protein was determined by immunohistochemistry (MAb CG2) on routinely formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue sections, supplemented by mRNA expression analysis using in situ hybridization. These data were compared with those obtained by germ cell/placental alkaline phosphatases (PIAP; MAbs PL8-F6 and 8A9) employing an uniform score system for the evaluation of immunoreactivity (IRS; possible values from 0 to 12). Expression of sACE and PIAP was found in all 87 analyzed IGCN (IRS > 4, median IRS of 12). Heterogeneous staining patterns were not related to the type of adjacent GCT but correlated with low expression in adjacent seminomas (P =.032 for sACE; P =.005 for PIAP). Both sACE and PIAP often showed a decreased and more heterogeneous but still moderate expression in 91 classic seminomas (median IRS of 8) and were completely absent in tumor cells of spermatocytic seminomas. Despite all similarities, we found sACE and PIAP differently regulated during GCT progression. This was documented by a well-preserved expression of either sACE or PIAP or both in all classic seminomas, low PIAP immunoreactivity in metastasis of seminomas, and completely diverging expression patterns in nonseminomatous GCT. Our findings underline the close molecular relationship between IGCN and seminoma, and suggest sACE as an appropriate marker for seminomatous differentiated tumors. HUM PATHOL 31:1466-1476.
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PMID:Somatic isoform of angiotensin I-converting enzyme in the pathology of testicular germ cell tumors. 1115 Mar 71

In patients with hypertension and chronic renal parenchymal disease, BP should be controlled to 130/85 mmHg or lower (125/75 mmHg) in patients with proteinuria in excess of 1 g/day. Reducing dietary sodium (< 7 g/day) and protein (< 0.6-0.7 g/kg) helps control high BP and renal function in patients with renal insufficiency. As first antihypertensive drug, ACE inhibitors or long-acting Ca antagonists are recommended. In patients with renovascular hypertension, angioplasty is the first choice increasingly to be accompanied by stenting, and surgical revascularization is the next choice. As antihypertensive drugs, beta blockers, ACE inhibitors, and AII-receptor blockers are recommended. Hypertension accompanied by endocrine disease with adenoma or tumor is almost cured or improved by surgical removal. Spironolactone and Ca antagonists are used in patients with idiopathic aldosteronism (bilateral hyperplasia). Alpha and beta blockers are used in patients with pheochromocytoma during preoperative period.
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PMID:[Secondary hypertension]. 1139 95

Clinical applications of nuclear medicine in pulmonary hypertension (PH) include: 1) Differentiation of primary from chronic thromboembolic form of PH by mismatched ventilation/perfusion defects, 2) Quantification of right ventricular ejection fraction to estimate cardiac functional derangement, 3) Estimation of right ventricular hypertrophy or pressure overload by increased accumulation of radioactive myocardial perfusion agents, and 4) Estimation of myocardial sympathetic nervous function or fatty acid metabolism. Gravity dependent shift of pulmonary perfusion detected by perfusion scintigraphy has also been utilized for estimating severity of PH. Positron emission tomography (PET) has visualized distribution of pulmonary adrenergic receptors and angiotensin converting enzyme. PET, in addition to F-18 FDG lung tumor PET, should be watched for because it may visualize and quantify other bioactive substances and receptors in the lung.
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PMID:[Value of nuclear medicine in pulmonary hypertension]. 1141 Nov 22

Although primary aldosteronism (PA) has been reported as a relatively benign form of hypertension and is associated with low incidence of vascular complications, recent reports indicate that PA complicated by cerebral vascular accidents is not rare. The authors reported here that a 57-year-old man was diagnosed as a case of PA 4 years after initial treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and hypertension. The patient was transferred to our department for further management of his left hemiplegia and hypertension after surgical treatment for a putaminal ICH at the age of 53. During the first 2 years of follow-up, he did well except for an episode of transient motor weakness. Diastolic hypertension was moderately good, controlled by calcium antagonists and ACE inhibitors. Laboratory data was normal, and the serum potassium levels were in the lower limits of normal. In the last 2 years, episodes of motor weakness have increased. He was admitted to our hospital, under the suspicion of recurrent Todd's paralysis. The serum potassium level ranged from 1.9 to 2.1 despite administration of potassium agents. Abdominal CT scans and 131 I-scintigraphy disclosed a left adrenal tumor. Elevation of plasma aldosterone and suppression of plasma renin were observed. The diagnosis of PA due to hypersecretion of aldosterone from an adrenal tumor was thus confirmed. We performed a total left adrenectomy 4 weeks after his admission. Histological examination showed a clear-cell type of benign adrenal adenoma. After the operation, laboratory data were normal and ACE inhibitors were able to normalize his diastolic hypertension. According to the literature, PA complicated by ICH is associated with a high rate of recurrence of cerebral vascular accidents if treatment of PA is not performed. Although diagnosis of PA in the early stage is difficult, as it was in our presented case, high suspicion of PA is essential for patients with diastolic hypertension and persistent hypopotassiumemia, particularly in young adults and middle-aged patients.
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PMID:[Primary aldosteronism presented with intracranial hemorrhage]. 1168 Oct 14

A 33-year-old patient presented with ascites and a right abdominal mass. Ultrasound and scannography showed it was probably a solid ovarian tumor measuring 175 mm x 115 mm. Serum Ca 125 was 752 UI/mL and ACE was normal. Surgical exploration revealed 3.2 liters ascites without any suspect peritoneal implant and a bulky ovarian fibrothecoma. The patient recovered quickly and serum Ca 125 was 43 UI/mL one month post-operatively. In this case report of Meigs' syndrome serum CA 125 level was particularly high. Preoperative diagnostic difficulties are discussed.
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PMID:[Demons-Meigs syndrome: apropos of 1 case]. 1180 54

The effect of a crude ethyl acetate (AcOEt)-extract and tryptanthrin extracted from the Indigo plant (Polygonum tinctorium Lour.) on azoxymethane (AOM)-induced intestinal tumors was examined in F344 rats. The rats were given subcutaneous (s.c.) injections of either AOM (15 mg/kg body weight (b.w.)) once a week for 3 weeks to induce atypical crypt foci (ACF) as a known cancer precursor, or AOM (7.5 mg/kg b.w.) once a week for 10 weeks to induce intestinal tumors. The rats were also administered the AcOEt-extract (500 mg/kg b.w.) or tryptanthrin (50 mg/kg b.w.) orally, 5 days a week, for 7 or 30 weeks, starting two days before the first administration of AOM. All rats were killed 4 or 20 weeks after the last treatment. In the short-term experiment, the incidence of ACE and atypical crypts (AC) in the groups receiving the AcOEt-extract and tryptanthrin was significantly lower than in the control group. In the tumor-inducing experiment, intestinal tumor incidence in the tryptanthrin group was lower than in the AOM-control group (5% versus 26%), and small intestine tumor incidence in the AcOEt-extract and tryptanthrin groups were lower than in the AOM-control group (0% and 0% versus 23%). These results show that the AcOEt-extract of Indigo and tryptanthrin have cancer chemopreventive activity.
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PMID:Prevention of azoxymethane-induced intestinal tumors by a crude ethyl acetate-extract and tryptanthrin extracted from Polygonum tinctorium Lour. 1184 86

Carcinoid heart disease occurs in about one third of patients with carcinoid syndrome, especially in those with ileal carcinoid and hepatic metastases. Patients with primary ovarian carcinoid tumor are extremely rare. In these circumstances, typical carcinoid cardiac lesions may develop unassociated with hepatic metastases, due to the venous drainage from the ovaries into the inferior vena cava of vasoactive released substances such as serotonin. The present report describes a woman with unrecognized primary ovarian carcinoid tumor, unexpectedly exhibiting heart failure. Diagnosis was performed on the basis of echocardiographic findings, occurrence of diarrhea and increased levels of 5-hydroxy-indoleacetic acid (5-HIAA). After complete surgical removal of the tumor, the patient was maintained under therapy with ACE-inhibitors and diuretics. Levels of 5-HIAA are still within normal range, there is regression of heart failure and echocardiographic findings are stabilized. These data confirm the importance of prompt diagnosis for a favorable prognosis of carcinoid heart disease.
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PMID:[Carcinoid heart disease and primary ovarian tumor]. 1202 91

A 77-year-old man was admitted to a hospital because of a left cervical tumor. He was initially diagnosed as having non-Hodgkin lymphoma, diffuse large cell type, Ann Arbor stage IV, and transferred to our hospital for chemotherapy. Flow cytometric analysis of the left axillary lymph node cells derived from a biopsy specimen showed that in addition to lymphoid surface markers (CD5, 7, 21), myeloid surface markers (CD11b, 33, 34) were also positive. The diagnosis of malignant lymphoma was therefore confirmed. The patient, was treated with THP-COP therapy, which proved very effective. Thereafter, a biopsy specimen was found to be positive for MT1 (CD43) staining but negative for myeloperoxidase and chloroacetate esterase staining on immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, no rearrangement of the IgH JH, TCR C beta 1 or TCR J gamma gene was detected by Southern blot analysis. On basis of these findings and the previous results of flow cytometry, we changed the diagnosis from malignant lymphoma to granulocytic sarcoma. THP-COP therapy was continued, and complete remission was achieved. Two months later, however, the patient developed acute myelocytic leukemia (AML M1) and received DCP therapy, but he died of pneumonia.
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PMID:[Granulocytic sarcoma developing in lymph nodes]. 1209 91


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