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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Co-culture of cancer patients' nonadherent peripheral blood lymphocytes with irradiated autologous fresh tumor cells, termed the mixed lymphocyte-tumor interaction (MLTI) test, resulted in significant stimulation of 3H-Tdr in corporation on day 6 in 19 of 37 autologous combinations. The MLTI test was performed in a microtiter wells (0.2 ml) and a variety of solid tumor cells (sarcomas and carcinomas) were used. Tumor cells were dissociated from the fresh biopsy tissue by nontrypsin enzymatic digestion (deoxyribonuclease, hyaluronidase, and collagenase) and the tumor cells enriched by depletion of macrophages using adherence procedures. Occasionally, further tumor cell purification was achieved by separation of cells on the basis of size on dis-continuous gradients. Positive MLTI resulted in stimulation as high as 20-fold over the backgrounds of PBL and tumor cells cultured alone. Mean positive MLTI was SI of 7.7. The negative MLTI were not a reflection of generalized immunosuppression, because tumor cell preparations that did not stimulate autologous PBL did stimulate allogeneic PBL. In an additional patient, PBL not responding in the autologous MLTI did respond to allogeneic tumors. MLTI using cryopreserved cells reproduced the MLTI results using fresh cells in 11 of 16 tests; the other five tests were all positive in the fresh MLTI and negative when using cryopreserved cells. Despite reports from many other groups it appears that positive MLTI were not tumor-specific. In 14 experiments we were able to simultaneously test the proliferative response to autologous tumor as well as to an autologous normal tissue (lung, liver, colon, and bowel). In eight of these experiments positive responses were obtained with tumor stimulators and in seven of these, positive proliferation was also obtained with normal tissue.
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PMID:The human mixed lymphocyte-tumor cell interaction test. I. Positive autologous lymphocyte proliferative responses can be stimulated by tumor cells as well as by cells from normal tissues. 620 46

Tumors and tumorous conditions of superficial and deep soft tissues may owe their naked-eye appearance and much of their bulk to the accumulation of mucopolysaccharide material or, on rare occasions, to edema. The so-called myxoid tumors may be chondroblastic, fibroblastic, lipoblastic, myoblastic, or neurogenic. Benign and malignant tumors may be encountered. Naked-eye and microscopic appearances are described. Pseudotumors such as bursae, ganglia, cutaneous mucinoses, fasciitis, and myxoid cysts may enter the differential diagnosis. The value of accurate documentation is stressed. Histochemistry can make a limited contribution to diagnosis. The entities described have been examined with regard to alcian blue staining with and without pretreatment with hyaluronidase. Alcian blue staining in the presence of increasing concentrations of magnesium chloride has been investigated and found to be of value in the identification of tumors of chondroblastic origin.
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PMID:The myxoid tumors of somatic soft tissues. 626 45

Histochemical studies were performed on glycosaminoglycan (GAG) components in Wilms tumors of rats and rabbits and fetal kidneys of rats. 1. Wilms tumors. The interstitial components had an intense stainability with Alcian blue, and digestion test with hyaluronidase and chondroitinase was intensely positive. The epithelial tumor cells, showing a tubular pattern, were also stained with Alcian blue. The enzyme-digestion test was positive in the basal portion of the tumor cells, whereas it was negative in the free surface of the cells. 2. Rat kidneys. In fetal rats, the epithelial cells as well as the interstitial components were stained with Alcian blue, and the enzyme-digestion test was intensely positive. However, in adult rats, Alcian blue-stainability in the free surface of the tubular epithelium was not abolished by treatment with hyaluronidase and chondroitinase. The substance in the free surface seemed to be consisted mainly of heparan sulfate. Although the physiological significance of GAG in the cell surface cannot be deduced, it is quite conceivable that GAG, especially heparan sulfate, plays an important role in fluid absorption and transportation.
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PMID:[Histochemical study of glycosaminoglycan in Wilms tumors of rats and rabbits and fetal kidneys of rats]. 629 55

An autopsy case of pseudomesotheliomatous carcinoma of the right lung in a 56-year-old man occupationally exposed to stone dust is presented. From open biopsy specimens in which polyhedral epithelium-like cells appeared arranged in nests, sheets, and trabecula without apparent tubular pattern, a malignant pleural mesothelioma was suspected. At autopsy, the right pleural cavity was obliterated by the tumor mass which covered the collapsed pulmonary parenchyma and was clearly demarcated from it. The gross appearance of the tumor was similar to that of malignant pleural mesothelioma. Histologically, marked interstitial fibrosis of the subpleural parenchyma of both lungs was observed, and the tumor tissue was interspersed in the parenchyma adjacent to the tumor mass. The tumor showed both intracytoplasmic and intercellular positive materials with colloidal iron, alcian blue (pH 2.5), and toluidine blue stains, which entirely disappeared after streptomyces hyaluronidase digestion. A small amount of intracytoplasmic PAS-positive material resistant to diastase digestion was also observed. Immunohistochemical staining for carcinoembryonic antigen, which is said to be negative in malignant pleural mesothelioma, was positive intracellularly. There were no histologic findings indicating asbestos exposure. From these findings, the authors made a diagnosis of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, which was characterized by the production of hyaluronic acid.
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PMID:Pseudomesotheliomatous carcinoma of the lung with histochemical and immunohistochemical study. 634 86

Transfection is a technique for inducing transformation of normal fibroblasts (NIH 3T3) with DNA (oncogenes) from human tumors. Our goal was to determine if these transformed cells expressed antigens associated with malignancy. NIH 3T3 cells were transfected with DNA fragments from a human acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL 1-69), and transformed colonies were selected for growth in soft agar. Transfected cells containing human DNA sequences demonstrated by Southern blot analysis were used to immunize Balb/C mice. Monoclonal antibodies were produced and screened for binding to the parental leukemia (ALL 1-69), transfectant (17(2], and 3T3 cells in an enzyme-linked assay. A monoclonal antibody (IgM kappa) designated 17-9H3 bound to ALL 1-69 and secondary transfectant 17(2) but not to NIH 3T3 plasma membranes. Immunoperoxidase staining confirmed this binding pattern and demonstrated that the antigen was expressed on the cell surface. Expression of the antigen by transfectants directly correlated with the presence of a single 6.1 kilobase human DNA sequence. The antibody binding site of the antigen was inactivated by trypsin, glucosidase, and hyaluronidase. Binding of the 17-9H3 antibody was selective for acute lymphocytic leukemias (5/8) and osteogenic sarcomas (33/36), although other tumor types did demonstrate significant binding by immunoperoxidase staining. The majority of normal tissues did not bind 17-9H3 with the exception of some metabolically active cells (renal tubular epithelium, secretory epithelial cells, and cardiac smooth muscle), germ cells, Leydig cells of the testes, and some lymphoid cells. Monoclonal antibodies to oncogene-associated antigens may be potentially useful for cancer diagnosis and therapy and as probes for oncogene isolation.
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PMID:A novel approach to production of antitumor monoclonal antibodies: antibody to a cell surface glycoprotein associated with transformation by a human oncogene. 637 59

A case of so-called mesothelioma of the atrioventricular node is presented. Controversy exists as to whether this lesion is of mesodermal or endodermal origin. The light and electron microscopic morphologic characteristics in this case were identical to those reported previously. The glandular component produced mucin that resisted digestion with both hyaluronidase and diastase; this staining pattern is characteristic of endodermal rather than of mesodermal tissue. Immunohistochemical methods demonstrated abundant carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in the cytoplasm of the cells composing the lesion. The presence of CEA strongly argues for an endodermal origin, since this antigen characterizes tissue derived from endoderm and is generally absent from mesoderm. The lesion probably represents endodermal foregut tissue that is displaced during embryogenesis. As such, it is not a true neoplasm. It is proposed that this lesion be designated "congenital endodermal heterotopia of the atrioventricular node."
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PMID:Congenital endodermal heterotopia of the atrioventricular node: evidence for the endodermal origin of so-called mesotheliomas of the atrioventricular node. 638 61

Three types of murine tumors, B-16 melanoma, A-10 carcinoma, and S-180 sarcoma, were shown to contain elevated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) concentrations in vivo as compared to normal muscle or subcutaneous tissue. Hyaluronate was especially concentrated in the A-10 carcinoma, which contained approximately six times more hyaluronate than subcutaneous tissue and 18 times more than muscle. In all three tumors, chondroitin sulfates, especially chondroitin-4-sulfate, were present in higher concentrations than in the normal tissues. In culture, however, all three tumor cell lines produced less than 5% as much GAG as mouse fibroblasts, when measured by incorporation of [3H] acetate or by chemical analysis. Varying the culture passage number or the medium composition, ie, glucose, serum, and insulin concentrations, had little effect on GAG synthesis by the tumor cells. The low GAG levels in the tumor cell cultures were not due to hyaluronidase activity in their media. In an attempt to mimic possible host-tumor cell interactions that could account for the elevated GAG levels in vivo, tumor cells were cocultured with fibroblasts, but no stimulation above the amount made by the tumor cells alone plus that by the fibroblasts alone was observed. Conditioned media from the tumor cells, either dialyzed or not against fresh complete medium, had no effect on fibroblast GAG synthesis. Tumor extracts, however, were found to stimulate synthesis of hyaluronate by fibroblasts. Stimulation by extracts of A-10 carcinoma was greater than and additive to that of serum. The above results strongly suggest that GAG production in these tumors is in part regulated by host-tumor interactions.
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PMID:Stimulation of glycosaminoglycan production in murine tumors. 651 22

A 2 1/2-year-old boy had a slowly enlarging mass at the site of a typical iris-ciliary body coloboma for 2 years. The mass was excised partially by iridocyclectomy. By light microscopy, the tumor cells were embedded in a rich mucoid stroma that contained abundant hyaluronidase-sensitive acid mucopolysaccharides. By electron microscopy the tumor showed light and dark cells with interdigitating cell membranes, desmosomes, gap junctions, multilaminar basement membrane, and numerous extracellular collagen fibrils that resembled vitreous fibrils. We believe that the tumor represents a hamartomatous (congenital) adenoma of the nonpigmented ciliary epithelium rather than a conventional (acquired) adenoma, since it developed precisely within a colobomatous defect of the iris and ciliary body.
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PMID:Hamartomatous adenoma of the nonpigmented ciliary epithelium arising in iris-ciliary body coloboma. Light and electron microscopic observations. 667 54

The epipodophyllotoxin derivatives, etoposide (VP-16) and teniposide (VM-26), are highly lipophilic anticancer drugs supplied with novel commercial solvent systems. A BALB/c mouse skin toxicity model was used to evaluate the ulcerative potential of intradermal (ID) VP-16 and its lipophilic solvent system along with the main ingredient of the VM-26 solvent, polyethoxylated castor oil (PECO). ID VP-16 caused dose-dependent ulceration following 0.17 mg, 0.33 mg (50 mg/M2) or 1.0 mg (150 mg/M2). Both normal saline (0.05 ml ID) and hyaluronidase (7.5 u ID) were effective as local VP-16 antidotes, presumably by diluting out the extravasated drug. The VP-16 solvent alone was as toxic as the 1.0 mg (undiluted) ID VP-16 injection. ID PECO was mildly ulcerative in mouse skin. When given to P-388 lymphocytic leukemia-bearing mice, both VP-16 (24 mg/kg IP for 3 doses) and VM-26 (8 mg/kg IP for 2 doses) were active, producing increased life spans (ILS) of 160% and 90%, respectively. The solvents, given IP at the same schedule, did not increase or decrease the life span of tumor-bearing mice, but did increase morbidity. In an in vitro human tumor clonogenic assay (WiDr colon carcinoma and HEC-1A endometrial carcinoma in soft agar), both VP-16 and VM-26 showed moderate to complete inhibition of tumor colony forming units (TCFUs) by continuous exposure. 1-h drug exposures were marginally active at reducing TCFUs. None of the epipodophyllotoxin diluents at clinical concentrations reduced TCFUs. At very high concentrations, both epipodophyllotoxins were cytotoxic. They were more effective at reducing TCFUs when plated as a continuous exposure rather than a 1-h exposure.
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PMID:Skin ulceration potential without therapeutic anticancer activity for epipodophyllotoxin commercial diluents. 667 64

Changes in the structure of the surface of mastocytoma cells were induced by hyperthermia and were investigated by means of cell electrophoresis. A decrease in the cell electrophoretic mobility was detected as early as 15 min after treatment at 42 degrees and progressed more rapidly under hypoxic conditions than under oxic conditions. Subsequent recovery of electrophoretic mobility at 37 degrees was dependent on the length of heat treatment and oxygenation. The surviving fraction of cells detected by their colony-forming ability and the fraction of electrophoretically recovered cells 24 hr after exposure to hyperthermia showed a good statistical correlation. It was suggested that the mechanism of electrophoretic mobility reduction by heating was the vertical translocation of hyaluronidase-sensitive charge from the peripheral layer into a deeper layer by combined use of specific enzymes and stepwise different ionic strengths. These results suggest the importance of irreparable changes of membrane conformation in the loss of colony-forming ability of heated tumor cells.
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PMID:Effects of hyperthermia on cell surface charge and cell survival in mastocytoma cells. 679 30


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