Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A method was developed for obtaining direct chromosome preparations from SENCAR mouse skin tumors induced by chemical carcinogenesis protocols. Papillomas and squamous cell carcinomas were mechanically dispersed immediately after resection and were placed in a modified Hanks' solution with collagenase, trypsin, hyaluronidase, bovine albumin, and Colcemid. Total exposure to Colcemid did not exceed 1 hr. Metaphases were obtained in 100% of the analyzed specimens, allowing chromosome counting screening for double minutes and, in 50% of the cases, useful G-banded slides. The technique described has produced, for this type of tumor, a higher number of successful G-banded preparations than other previously reported methods for solid tumors. This procedure may be applicable for the study of human solid tumors that are histologically similar to our murine model, such as squamous cell carcinoma of cervix or lung.
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PMID:A direct cytogenetic technique for mouse skin carcinomas and papillomas. 394 63

Twenty-three cases of intramuscular myxoma were analyzed clinically and histologically. The mean age of the patients was 54 years, and two-thirds were women. Clinical follow-up of 2 to 17 years' duration revealed no recurrences or metastases. Intramuscular myxoma thus appears to be a completely benign tumor. One patient simultaneously had a myxoma in the muscle of the thigh and a lesion of fibrous dysplasia in the femur. In addition, 14 of 16 patients studied with x-ray had a significantly higher incidence of minor abnormalities in bones as compared with the normal population. The myxomas were characterized histologically by sparse cellularity, abundant intercellular material digestible with hyaluronidase, and lack of mitotic figures. At the ultrastructural level, the tumor cells showed characteristics of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts. Immunohistochemical analysis of intermediate filament proteins revealed vimentin- but no desmin-positivity in the tumor cells, and endothelial cell markers as well as S-100 protein were absent. This is compatible with fibroblastic-myofibroblastic nature of the myxoma cells.
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PMID:Intramuscular myxoma--a clinicopathological study of twenty-three cases. 403 56

The murine monoclonal antibody (MAb) designated DF3 has defined a high m.w. antigen detectable in human breast carcinomas and in human milk. DF3 antigen is detectable on apical borders of secretory mammary epithelial cells and in the cytosol of less differentiated malignant cells. DF3 antigen expression has been shown to correlate with the degree of human breast tumor differentiation, and the detection of a cross-reactive species in human milk has suggested that DF3 antigen might be useful as a biochemical marker of differentiated mammary epithelial cells. To further characterize DF3 antigen, we have developed an approach to purify the cross-reactive species by using gel filtration and antibody affinity chromatography. The affinity column-purified DF3 antigen was absorbed by wheat germ agglutinin and peanut agglutinin, but not by concanavalin A or lentil lectin. In contrast, wheat germ agglutinin inhibited MAb DF3 reactivity with the purified antigen, whereas there was little, if any, inhibition when using peanut agglutinin. These findings are thus consistent with the involvement of terminal N-acetyl-D-neuraminic acid and/or N-acetylglucosamine residues in the antigenic site. DF3 antigenicity was also sensitive to neuraminidase, but not chondroitinase ABC, chondroitinase AC, chondroitin-4-sulfatase, or hyaluronidase. Furthermore, DF3 antigen was sensitive to Pronase, subtilisin BPN', and alpha-chymotrypsin. The presence of O-glycosidic linkages between carbohydrate and protein in the DF3 antigenic site was further supported by the presence of NaBH4-sensitive sites. Together, these results suggest that sialyl oligosaccharides present on a peptide backbone are required for maintaining DF3 antigenicity. Similar findings have been demonstrated for DF3 antigen purified from both human milk and breast cancer effusions. However, the DF3 antigen in human milk consisted of a single high m.w. species, whereas the tumor-associated antigen consisted of two distinct glycoproteins with m.w. of 330,000 and 450,000. These findings may be relevant to the recent demonstration that distinct high m.w. DF3 antigens are elevated in the circulation of patients with breast carcinoma.
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PMID:Purification and characterization of a high molecular weight glycoprotein detectable in human milk and breast carcinomas. 404 99

The lactic dehydrogenase agent was obtained in quantities sufficient for purification studies by growing the virus in Ehrlich ascites tumor-bearing mice. A rapid method of titration of the agent is described. Subsequent to the standard procedure of concentration of virus by treatment with hyaluronidase and centrifugation, lipids were removed by extraction with PE, without major loss of infectivity. Electron microscopic sections of purified preparations contained particles consisting of a dense inner ring of about 25 mmicro and a less dense ring extending to about 50 mmicro. The particles occur frequently in single-membraned vesicles of varying size, and occasionally in large double-membraned bodies. The purified LDH agent did not stimulate the formation of neutralizing antibodies in rabbits and guinea pigs. The crude LDH agent was found to be a low interferon producer. Increased interferon, produced by secondary inoculation with Newcastle disease virus temporarily decreased the titer of the LDH agent. The results of others regarding the nature and the size of the LDH agent are interpreted in regard to the findings presented, and the role of interferon in permanently LDH agent infected mice is discussed.
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PMID:Some properties of the lactic dehydrogenase agent of mice. 584 May 39

Cultured Y-l mouse adrenal tumor cells treated with ACTH (0.5 U/ml) rounded, formed filopodia and numerous thin microvilli, and produced steroids. Rounding, filopodia and bleb formation occurred for trypsin (0.01%), and hyaluronidase (0.1%), treated cells; but neither affected control or ACTH-stimulated steroidogenesis. Neuraminidase treatment (20 mU/ml) caused rounding, thin microvilli, bleb formation, slightly increased steroid production and prevented subsequent ACTH effects. Neuraminidase appeared to alter a carbohydrate-containing ACTH receptor preventing ACTH binding. We conclude rounding and steroidogenesis are not always associated.
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PMID:Rounding and steroidogenesis of enzyme- and ACTH-treated Y-l mouse adrenal tumor cells. 608 55

A transplantable rodent tumor producing multiple layers of basement membrane was used to study the effects of trypsin, hyaluronidase and collagenase on basement membranes. Treatment with trypsin resulted in an increase in the distance between adjacent lamellae and a loss of granular structures. Treatment with hyaluronidase separated basement membrane layers only in the outer lamellae, whereas collagenase resulted in extensively folded sheets which consisted predominantly of granules. From these findings it may be concluded that the granular structures represent the morphological equivalent of glycoproteins which are interlinked by a collagenous filamentous network. Hence, the BM represents a functional unit of proteoglycans, glycoproteins and collagen.
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PMID:Basement membrane alterations after treatment with trypsin, hyaluronidase or collagenase. 612 58

Differential localization of glycoconjugates was detected on microvilli and microridges of the intact cell surface of frog pronephric tumor cells in tissue culture. Alcian blue and Alcian blue/PAS staining showed a heavy concentration of dye limited to the unique short microvilli and extensive microridges of the tumor cells as previously seen with SEM (Tweedell and Williams 1976). Staining was absent or greatly reduced on microvilli of the normal pronephric cell surface. Previous exposure of each kind of cells to neuraminidase or extraction by mild hydrolysis removed the active staining sites but Alcian blue uptake was unaffected by prior digestion with testicular hyaluronidase. Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) bound wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) produced a similar pattern of fluorescence on the microvilli of the tumor cells and a limited distribution on the normal cells. Digestion with neuraminidase preferentially removed but did not completely eliminate the surface binding of WGA on both the normal and tumor cells. Exposure of tumor cell monolayers to FITC bound limulin, a lectin specific for sialic acid, also produced an intense surface fluorescence on the microvilli and ridges of tumor cells. Prior treatment with neuraminidase prevented the surface fluorescence but not internal binding. Normal pronephric cells gave sparse surface fluorescence but extensive internal binding. Each procedure indicates a preferential localization of complex carbohydrates, including sialic acid, on the unique microvilli of the tumor cells. Concurrent assays for sialic acid recovered from the tumor cells indicated that lectin bound surface sialic acid was removable with neuraminidase.
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PMID:Localization of glycoconjugates on the surfaces of pronephric tumor cells in vitro. 618 38

A fetal antigen (FA) was isolated from spent culture medium of a melanoma (M14) cell line. Allogeneic serum samples from melanoma patients, previously characterized with respect to anti-FA activity, were used as the source of anti-FA antibody. The FA activity was partially purified by membrane ultrafiltration, gel filtration, and chloroform:methanol extraction. The partially purified FA was then used to develop an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). By indirect ELISA both the IgG and IgM classes of anti-FA antibodies were detected in the sera of cancer patients and normal volunteers. The incidences of anti-FA antibodies in the sera of cancer patients and normal volunteers were not significantly different. As detected by competitive inhibition in ELISA, FA activity was widely distributed among melanoma, sarcoma, and carcinoma tumor tissues and cultured tumor cells, as well as among fetal brain, skin, and muscle tissues. FA activity was destroyed by treatment with beta-galactosidase and hyaluronidase, but it was not destroyed by proteolytic and lipolytic enzymes. The antigen bound to immobilized ricin, peanut, and soybean lectins. FA activity in material purified by ricin-affinity chromatography was associated with molecules in the 60,000- to 70,000-dalton region as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. These results suggest a glycoprotein nature for the FA isolated from the spent culture medium of melanoma (M14) cells; this FA apparently elicits formation of natural antibodies in the cancer patients and normal donors.
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PMID:Immunochemical characterization of fetal antigen isolated from spent medium of a human melanoma cell line. 619 35

In 41 salivary gland tumors, the characteristics of the intercellular components and vascular endothelial cells were surveyed by immunohistochemical staining for laminin and factor VIII-related antigen (VIII R:Ag), and by mucopolysaccharidase-digestion for glycosaminoglycan (GAG). In myxomatous areas of pleomorphic adenomas, small vessels (diameter 6.5 +/- 0.11 micron) were frequent and found to be negative or weakly positive by VIIIR:Ag staining although endothelial cells were clearly positive for VIIIR:Ag in capsule surrounding the tumor tissues. Alcian blue stainability was diminished by treatment with both Streptomyces hyaluronidase and chondroitinase. By laminin staining, a vascular pattern was clearly detected, but the majority of tumor cells were not stained. In adenomatous areas, the basement membrane-like linear laminin-staining reaction was observed to be weak and inconsistent around some tumor cell nests. However, in adenoid cystic carcinomas, laminin-positivity was much more intense than in other tumors such as pleomorphic adenoma, mucoepidermoid tumor and adenocarcinoma. In cylindromatous areas, the inner luminal surface in the pseudocysts was markedly positive for laminin, and there was weak positivity around tumor cell nests having a trabecular pattern. By immunoelectron microscopy, a juxtacellular network of replicated basal lamina of tumor cells which lined the inner surface of pseudocysts was positive for laminin. Alcian blue-positivity in the pseudocyst was abolished with heparitinase and chondroitinase, but not with hyaluronidase.
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PMID:Histochemical studies of intercellular components of salivary gland tumors with special reference to glycosaminoglycan, laminin and vascular elements. 620 53

Six cases of synovial sarcoma were examined histochemically in order to clarify the components of mucosubstances in the tumor tissues. The tumors were classified into 1) monophasic type, 2) predominantly monophasic type with focal biphasic differentiation, and 3) biphasic type. The former two groups and sarcomatous areas in the biphasic tumors contained various amounts of hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, and, in some cases, heparitin sulfate. By contrast, the epithelioid regions in the biphasic-type tumors had periodic acid-Schiff-positive glycoproteins which contained various amounts of sialic acid, in addition to hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate. The significance of the presence of glycoproteins in the mesenchymal tumors is emphasized. It seems likely that the synovial sarcomas contain various kinds of mucosubstances and that sensitivity to hyaluronidase treatment is not necessarily the diagnostic criterion of synovial sarcoma.
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PMID:Histochemical characterization of mucosubstances in synovial sarcoma. 620 16


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