Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Inapparent nodule-transformed cells were recovered from five late-pregnant, first-pregnancy BALB/cfC3H females 4 months of age and from five late-pregnant multiparous females 6 to 7 months of age. Mammary tissues were removed from each donor and dissociated by means of the enzyme collagenase (0.1%), hyaluronidase (0.1%), and pronase (1.25%). Aliquots of 100,000 viable cells in 0.01 ml of media were injected into the gland-free mammary fat pads of 3-week-old syngeneic host mice. Ten weeks after the injection the outgrowths were classified as ductal, nodule, tumor, or combinations of these types of outgrowths. The recovery of nodule outgrowths indicated the presence of nodule-transformed cells in the cell suspension that was injected. All donors yielded nodule outgrowths, and the percentage of outgrowths was significantly greater than was the percentage recovered from virgin BALB/cfC3H females of the same age groups. The latent period for the emergence of nodules and tumors was reduced from 8 to 9 months in virgin females to 4 months in parous females. The incidence of both nodules and tumors was greatly increased. The data suggest that parity significantly increases the numbers of nodule-transformed cells in donor tissue, decreases the time required for the emergence of nodules and tumors, and increases the number of overt nodules and tumors.
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PMID:Effect of parity on recovery of inapparent nodule-transformed mammary gland cells in vivo. 69 53

Current determinations of the hyaluronidase activity and hyaluronidase inhibitor in the serum of patients with a tumor disease failed to show a correlation between a lowered hyaluronidase activity and increased inhibitor level. The serum fraction that contained the inhibitor and which had been obtained by gel filtration of Sephadex G-200 had no in vitro inhibitory effect on the serum fraction containing hyaluronidase. Hence, the decreased serum hyaluronidase activity in these patients is not due to an increased levles of hyaluronidase inhibitor.
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PMID:Host-tumor relationship. XXXIV. Hyaluronidase activity and hyaluronidase inhibitor in the serum of patients with malignant tumors. 89 38

An hypothesis is proposed that atheroma may be classified as a leiomyosarcoma derived from the tunica media of an artery. The notion that atheroma is a neoplastic disease provides a simple explanation for a highly complex phenomenon; the pathogenesis of artherosclerosis. According to this hypothesis some smooth-muscle cells in the media undergo malignant transformation, which is manifested by excessive production of hyaluronidase and other glycosaminoglycan hydrolases. This enzymic system frees cells from their bonds and allows them to proliferate. The enzymes also evoke a fibroblast hyperplasia which is followed by a protective collagenization producing a local area of increased resistance to the hydrolases. This accounts for the sclerosing aspect of the disease. Several other features of atherosclerosis are a result of the neoplastic nature of the disease.
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PMID:Atheroma as a neoplastic disease. 90 1

Tissue samples from 30 patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma and 20 with adenocarcinoma of salivary gland origin were studied by immunohistochemical staining with specific antibodies to the four macromolecules that are present in normal basement membranes: type IV collagen, laminin, heparan sulfate proteoglycan, and entactin. In the adenoid cystic carcinoma samples, the four proteins were localized in different types of extracellular matrices in the tumor, namely pseudocystic spaces, hyaline stroma, and around tumor cell nests. The staining intensity was enhanced by pretreatment with hyaluronidase. The tumor cells of adenoid cystic carcinoma showed a tendency to proliferate with individual cells in contact with the basement membrane and to infiltrate through basement membrane-rich tissues, such as peripheral nerves, blood vessels, and skeletal muscles. In contrast, only circumferential staining of tumor cell nests was obtained in adenocarcinoma samples. The results suggest that adenoid cystic carcinoma is a tumor with affinity for basement membranes, and this basic feature is reflected in its histology and presumably in its biologic behavior. Immunostaining with antibodies to basement membrane proteins appears to be useful for differential diagnosis of some types of these two carcinomas.
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PMID:Basement membranes in adenoid cystic carcinoma. An immunohistochemical study. 131 6

The basement membrane zone biology of normal human skin and basal cell carcinomas was explored by indirect immunofluorescence with monoclonal antibodies recognizing five subunit polypeptides of three different laminin isoforms as well as the beta 4 integrin epitopes. The laminin antibodies were specific for A, B1, and B2 chains of classic laminin, for the M chain of merosin, or for the S chain in S-laminin. Immunostaining of normal human skin revealed a strong signal with antibodies for A, B1, and B2 chain epitopes. A weak immunosignal was detected with an anti-M chain antibody, whereas the S-chain epitopes were undetectable, even following pretreatment of sections with hyaluronidase. Thus, the laminin at the epidermal-dermal junction of normal human skin is primarily of the classic type, with some merosin molecules being present. The staining of six nodular basal cell carcinomas revealed the presence of A, B1, and B2 chain epitopes in a linear pattern, but, in contrast to normal skin, the antibody recognizing M-chain epitopes yielded a strong immunosignal, and S-chain epitopes could also be readily detected. Staining for beta 4 integrins, potential receptors for laminin, revealed a strong staining reaction in normal skin as well as in the superficial portions of the basal cell carcinoma. However, the immunofluorescence pattern in the deeper portions of the lesions was scattered and interrupted. Thus, altered composition of the basement membrane of nodular basal cell carcinomas with respect to laminin isoforms and their interactions with putative cell-surface receptors, the beta 4 integrins, may change the containment of the tumor islands, contributing to the local aggressive behavior of basal cell carcinomas.
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PMID:Differential expression of laminin isoforms and beta 4 integrin epitopes in the basement membrane zone of normal human skin and basal cell carcinomas. 137 18

The effect of intravesical instillation of 200,000 IU hyaluronidase in addition to mitomycin C as chemoprophylaxis of superficial bladder cancer was evaluated. Based on our result of a previous study that this approach results in a significantly reduced recurrence rate (7.1 versus 32.1%), 43 patients undergoing transurethral resection of Ta-T1 tumors were retrospectively analyzed after a mean observation period of 48.5 months. During the 2 years of prophylactic therapy, tumor recurrence was seen in 6 patients (13.9%). Of the 37 patients who remained recurrence-free under treatment, 5 (13.5%) had recurrent tumors later during a mean observation period of 24.5 (18-42) months after treatment. These values are significantly lower than those obtained previously from a group of 63 patients treated with mitomycin alone, with recurrence rates of 33.3% during chemoprophylaxis and 26.2% thereafter (mean observation period 50.4 months). It appears that additive hyaluronidase enhances the local effect of mitomycin C in the intravesical chemoprophylaxis of bladder cancer, presumably by improving diffusion into the bladder mucosa and catalyzing the breakdown of a hyaluronic acid contained in a protective halo around malignant urothelial cells.
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PMID:Topical chemoprophylaxis of superficial bladder cancer with mitomycin C and adjuvant hyaluronidase. 149 26

The effect of 2 different levels of serum hyaluronidase on tumor development was studied by comparing the development of 2 transplantable tumors, the 3LL lung carcinoma and the B16F10 melanoma, in mice of the C57BL/6 and the congenic HW23 strains. The reasoning behind the study was that, in vitro, removal by hyaluronidase of the hyaluronan present in the extracellular matrix of tumor cells renders the latter more accessible to effector T cells. In the mouse, the levels and molecular forms of circulating hyaluronidase are under the influence of different alleles at the Hyal-1 locus on chromosome 9. C57BL/6 mice which have the Hyal-1b allele have only a 60,000-kDa form of hyaluronidase in the circulation, whereas the congenic HW23 strain has, on a C57BL/6 background, the BALB/c-derived Hyal-1a allele, characterized by the presence of the 60-, 120- and 140-kDa forms and of 3 times as much enzyme activity as the C57BL/6 strain. These 2 mouse strains that are genetically almost identical can therefore be used to compare the effect of different levels of circulating hyaluronidase on tumor development. Two different tumors were studied: the 3LL lung carcinoma and the B16F10 melanoma. After intrafootpad inoculation, both tumors developed more slowly in the congenic Hyal-1a HW23 strain, as measured by a slower rate of increase in local tumor size and by a prolonged survival time. These results are in favor of the hypothesis that the Hyal-1a allele, determining higher hyaluronidase levels, enhances resistance to tumor development.
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PMID:The growth rate of two transplantable murine tumors, 3LL lung carcinoma and B16F10 melanoma, is influenced by Hyal-1, a locus determining hyaluronidase levels and polymorphism. 160 26

Adenocarcinomas of or in lung that clinically and pathologically mimic diffuse pleural mesotheliomas are rare. We reviewed selected clinical and pathologic features of 15 autopsy/surgical cases previously reported in the medical literature and of 15 additional cases from the files of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP). Ninety percent of the patients were men. The median age was 61 years. Sixty-three percent of the patients smoked, 17% of them had possible or definite occupational exposure to asbestos, and one patient had microscopically proven asbestosis. Most patients had chest pain, shortness of breath, or cough, and had unilateral pleural effusion in the chest x-ray. At thoracotomy or at autopsy, numerous nodules, plaques, or a continuous rind of tumor was present over the pleural surface. Microscopically, the tumors showed simplified glands, nests, cords, papillary, tubulopapillary or biphasic patterns of growth. The neoplasms contained mucin that stained with diastase-predigested periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), mucicarmine, and alcian blue (with or without hyaluronidase predigestion). All patients died with/of tumor, with a mean survival of 4.7 months for those reported in the medical literature and of 7 months for those in the AFIP files. These adenocarcinomas therefore mimic pleural mesothelioma not only in their clinical and gross and microscopic appearance, but also in their prognosis.
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PMID:Pseudomesotheliomatous adenocarcinoma: a reappraisal. 160 54

We have studied the effects of hyaluronidase (HYD) on the penetration and cell kill effect of doxorubicin (DXR) using multicellular tumor spheroids (MTS). MTS of approximately 500 microns in diameter were prepared by liquid over lay culture technique from PC-10 lung and HEp-2 laryngeal squamous carcinoma cell lines. Cells in MTS and monolayer were exposed for various durations to HYD, followed by 1 hr, rest interval, and by 1 hr. exposure to DXR. MTS and monolayer cells were then trypsinized to a single cell suspension and subjected to clonogenic assay. For PC-10 MTS, pretreatment with HYD for 24 hr. resulted in approximately 10-fold increases in DXR cell kill effects as compared to DXR alone. HEp-2 MTS were more sensitive to HYD pretreatment. Thus, 1 hr. exposure to HYD produced approximately 4-fold increases in DXR-induced cell lethality. Fluorescent microscopic study revealed that 1hr. exposure of MTS to DXR produced DXR fluorescence only 1-2 outer layer of MTS. When MTS were pretreated with HYD, there was an enhanced penetration of DXR fluorescence into the MTS core. HYD-induced enhancement of DXR penetration and its cell kill effect was dependent on the exposure time and tumor cell origin.
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PMID:[Combination chemotherapy of solid tumor--effects of hyaluronidase on doxorubicin (DXR) penetration into multicellular tumor spheroids (MTS)]. 162 55

A high molecular weight secretion product of cell lines established from duct cell-derived human pancreatic adenocarcinomas was investigated in this study. After metabolic labeling and molecular sieve chromatography of culture medium, a product appeared in the void volume of a Superose 6 column that could be labeled with [3H]glucosamine, but not with [35S]sulfate. After further purification by anion exchange chromatography it was analyzed and demonstrated to be hyaluronan (HA). CsCl density gradient centrifugation revealed a density of 1.45 g/cm3 in a 4 M guanidinium hydrochloride solution. [3H]Glucosamine-labeled material could be degraded by digestion with hyaluronidase from two sources, but not with heparitinase I or chondroitinase AC. Sugar analysis revealed glucuronic acid and glucosamine at a molar ratio of 1:1. When the amount of HA synthesized by different pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell lines was compared, the values of the cell lines PaTu 8902 and PaTu II were about five- to tenfold higher than those of the lines PaTu 8988s, PaTu 8988t or HPAF, but an order of magnitude lower than in murine 3T3 fibroblasts. HA synthesis per cell decreased with increasing cell density. In serum-free cultures of cell lines with high HA synthesis it was 3 to 5 times higher compared to cultures that were supplemented with serum. We conclude that pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells secrete hyaluronan and thus contribute to the extracellular matrix of the tumor tissue. In pancreatic carcinoma cells, regulation of HA biosynthesis seems not to be positively correlated to proliferation as has been demonstrated for fibroblasts.
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PMID:Hyaluronan is a secretory product of human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells. 164 63


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