Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Malignant histiocytosis (MH) is a true histiocytic disorder, whose identification is still based on too broad morphologic criteria. Using routine histology, cytochemical and immunohistochemical techniques on involved lymph nodes, 15 cases of MH have been investigated. Pleomorphism and cellular atypia, phagocytosis, lack of cohesiveness between proliferating cells, sinusoidal involvement, and plasmacytic infiltrate were the most common histologic features. MGG-stained imprints from 14 cases showed a composite tumor population mainly consisting of histiocyte-appearing cells, poorly differentiated atypical cells, and multinucleated giant cells. These cells, irrespective of cytologic features, revealed a diffuse, moderately to strongly positive reaction with acid phosphatase and nonspecific esterase. Naphthol-AS-D-chloroacetate esterase, Sudan black B, alkaline phosphatase, and beta-glucuronidase reactions were completely negative. Immunoperoxidase studies in 11 cases demonstrated that tumor cells stained positively for both kappa and lambda chains. These cells were also positive for albumin. Polytypic staining for IgG was observed in two cases, and a weak staining for lysozyme was found in two other nodes. Global results confirm the value of these studies for functional profile determination of MH proliferating cells. A combined approach using a variety of cytochemical and immunohistochemical techniques should be routinely considered in MH as useful additional studies for a more precise diagnostic definition of the disease.
 ...
PMID:A cytochemical and immunohistochemical approach to malignant histiocytosis. 616 44

The authors describe a 70-year-old woman with multiple myeloma and adult Fanconi syndrome. A monoclonal protein of IgA heavy-chain class and kappa light-chain class was demonstrable in the serum. Urine immunoelectrophoresis showed the presence of kappa light chains. Bone marrow aspirate showed increased plasma cells with large bundles of pink-staining Auer-rod-like crystals in their cytoplasm. These crystals failed to stain with Sudan black B, peroxidase, esterase, and PAS, but showed strong acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase positivity. Ultrastructural studies showed them to have a fibrillar and an unusual cross-striated pattern. Immunofluorescent studies showed strong IgA and kappa activity in the cytoplasm of the tumor cells, but the fluorescence was absent in the region of the crystals, which were identified easily by their negative birefringence. The authors interpret these observations to indicate that the intracytoplasmic crystals in this case are of lysosomal origin.
 ...
PMID:Nature of intracytoplasmic crystalline inclusions in myeloma cells (morphologic, cytochemical, ultrastructural, and immunofluorescent studies). 619 1

The histochemical enzyme activity of alkaline phosphatase, nonspecific esterase, 5-nucleotidase, beta-glucuronidase, glucose-6-phosphatase, succinate dehydrogenase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in human bladder cancer was investigated. Tumors of 84 patients, classified into grades I-III according to the WHO classification, were compared with 12 normal and 16 inflamed bladder epithelia. As a rule, loss of alkaline phosphatase activity and a decrease of nonspecific esterase activity was found in most of these tumors. The activity of beta-glucuronidase was decreased and compared with normal tissue, also the activity of 5-nucleotidase. The succinate dehydrogenase activity in tumor tissue was frequently increased, whereas glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase did not show any significant reaction.
 ...
PMID:[Histochemical investigations on human bladder cancer (author's transl)]. 626 65

Reticuloendotheliosis virus strain T (REV-T) is a highly oncogenic avian retrovirus which causes a rapid neoplastic disease of the lymphoreticular system. We derived six cell lines (1-3, 1-5, 2-10, 2-14, 2-16, and 2-20) from chicken spleen cells infected with REV-T. These cells can produce both the REV-T and its associated reticuloendotheliosis helper virus, REV-A. Histochemical analyses of these cells indicate that, while they are not stained by benzidine, peroxidase, beta-glucuronidase or acid alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase, they contain a high proportion (95%) of cells positive for acid phosphatase. Light and electron microscopic studies of these cells also revealed morphologies of lymphoblasts or activated lymphocytes with irregular nuclei and dispersed chromatin. Immunochemical analyses indicate that essentially all (90 to 100%) of the cells contain the surface marker Ia, but no cytoplasmic immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G could be detected by immunofluorescence staining. Results also show that some of these cell lines contain a low level of terminal transferase (0.02 to 0.17 unit/10(9) cells), and a proportion (3 to 35%) of these cells can be stained by an antiserum directed against chicken bursa cells. These results are consistent with the conclusion that the cells transformed by the highly oncogenic REV-T are lymphoid in nature. In addition, at least some of these cell clones may contain features characteristic of activated B-lymphocytes. Analysis of these cell clones indicates that some cell lines contain an adherent and nonadherent population with some differences in morphologies. In addition, electron microscopic examination revealed that, while the non-adherent cells are actively producing type C viruses, type C viruses are either absent or very rare in the adherent cell populations. These results support the conclusion that some of these cell lines are heterogeneous and contain subpopulations of cells with differences in their ability to produce viruses.
 ...
PMID:Morphological, immunological, and biochemical analyses of chicken spleen cells transformed in vitro by reticuloendotheliosis virus strain T. 628 48

A total of 19 cases with bone tumors, including six osteosarcomas. three giant cell tumors of bone, one malignant fibrous histiocytoma, four nonossifying fibromas, four chondromas and one chondrosarcoma, were examined as to enzyme histochemistry; the enzymes consisted of alkaline phosphatase (ALPase), acid phosphatase (ACPase), nonspecific esterase (NSE), adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase), 5'-nucleotidase (5'-Nucl) and beta-glucuronidase (beta-Gl). Osteosarcoma was strongly positive for ALPase followed by 5'-Nucl. Giant cell tumor, malignant fibrous histiocytoma and nonossifying fibroma showed enzyme histochemistry similar to each other: multinucleated giant cells and round cells in these tumors were strongly positive for ACPase, NSE, ATPase and 5'-Nucl simulating osteoclasts and histiocytes, whereas spindle cells were positive for ATPase and 5'-Nucl in their cytoplasm and weakly positive for ACPase. Chondroma and chondrosarcoma were focally positive for ACPase and NSE; the ACPase was sensitive to tartaric acid treatment. These observations showed that ALPase activity is very characteristic to osteosarcoma, and is useful for its diagnosis. From enzyme histochemistry, giant cell tumor, malignant fibrous histiocytoma and nonossifying fibroma can be regarded as a histiocyte-derived tumor of bone in contrast to osteosarcoma and cartilaginous tumors.
 ...
PMID:Enzyme histochemical study on bone tumors. 629 58

In 25 patients (10 women and 15 men) aged 37 to 68 years activity of the following enzymes has been determined by the use of semiquantitative cytochemical methods: acid and alkaline phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase and myeloperoxidase. Additionally the content of glycogen and lipids has been determined in the cells studied. An increase of the myeloperoxidase and acid phosphatase activity and a decrease of the glycogen and the lipid content has been stated in neutrophils of the patients. Above alterations may reflect antitumor reactivity of neutrophils or nonspecific neutrophil response against inflammatory changes accompanying the tumor area.
 ...
PMID:Enzymes of peripheral blood neutrophils in patients with cancer of the stomach. 631 12

Four acid hydrolases, acid phosphatase (AP), alpha-naphthyl acetate acid esterase (ANAE), beta-glucuronidase (BG) and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (NABG) were determined cytochemically in B-chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B-CLL) cells exposed in vitro to the tumor promoter 12-0-tetradecanoyl phorbol 13 acetate (TPA). TPA, which has been previously shown to induce B-CLL cells to mature towards plasmacytoid cells, results in the progressive expression of the enzymes tested in the cytoplasm of malignant cells, in particular AP and ANAE. Furthermore, the sensitivity to inhibitors and the pattern of reactivity of ANAE provide evidence for an enzyme subtype normally restricted to plasma cells. Thus, acid hydrolases--some of which showing plasma cell type of activity--are expressed during B-CLL cells differentiation induced in vitro. These results confirm the value of cytochemistry in subtyping B-cell malignancies.
 ...
PMID:Cytochemical analysis of acid hydrolases expression during phorbol diester (TPA)-driven differentiation of B-chronic lymphocytic leukaemia cells in vitro. 633 64

The effects of Bestatin, a low molecular weight metabolite of Streptomyces olivoreticuli on the human and mouse/rat immune system, have been studied in detail. To describe the activity of the immunomodulating dipeptide, it has been tested in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo in various experimental models. Bestatin simultaneously applied with selected antigens to mice was able to enhance the DTH response against a challenge injection of the respective antigen given into the footpad. Serum antibody levels against those antigens were uneffected. However, an increase of PFC could be found in those mice given high doses of Bestatin. On natural killer cell activity against Yac-1 tumor cells the dipeptide had no effect in low responder (DBA2/J) mice. In high responder mice (CBA/JCr), however, a significant increase of NK cell activity of spleen cells could be found, when the drug was given on day 0 or on days 0 to 3 and the test was performed on day 4. Bestatin had no effect on the generation of allogeneic cytotoxic T-lymphocytes in vivo or in vitro and even a suppressive effect on the induction of syngeneic antitumor CTL. Contrary to this suppressive effect, Bestatin increases in the popliteal lymph node assay the weights in a dose-dependent way. When mouse macrophages or human monocytes were either incubated in vitro with Bestatin or mice were treated with the dipeptide parenterally or orally and the macrophages from those mice were investigated, Bestatin induced in vitro and in vivo a dose-dependent increase in pinocytic uptake of radioactive colloidal gold. Also the oxidative metabolism was dose-dependently augmented as measured by chemiluminescence. Bestatin modulates the macrophage mediated cytotoxicity. In vitro or in vivo activated mononuclear phagocytes exhibited a dose-dependent increase in cytotoxic activity for several tumor target cells. A minimum ratio of 50:1 effector to target cells was necessary for this cytotoxic effect. A similar degree of activation was observed in macrophages from athymic nu/nu-mice or from endotoxin resistant C3H/HeJ-mice. Other parameters of macrophage activation were determined by measuring secretion of lysosomal enzymes and liberation of prostaglandins. Bestatin interacts with macrophages in vivo and in vitro by increasing their secretory activity of acid hydrolases (beta-glucuronidase, beta-galactosidase, and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase). This release was dose- and time-dependent and not associated with any sign of cell death. Another class of mediators produced by macrophages after stimulation with Bestatin were the prostaglandins E2 and F2a.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Studies on the mechanisms of action of the immunomodulator Bestatin in various screening test systems. 638 22

beta-Glucuronidase from human lung neoplasms of various histological types and from uninvolved tissues was studied. A significant elevation of beta-glucuronidase activity was observed in adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the lung as compared with the corresponding uninvolved tissues (P less than 0.01). Saccharo-1,4-lactone, a strong inhibitor of the enzyme, exhibited a substantially greater stabilizing effect on the adenocarcinoma enzyme than on the other enzymes. However, removal of the carbohydrate moiety from the adenocarcinoma enzyme by treatment with endo-beta-N-acetylglucosamidase H (endoglycosidase H) brought about a decrease in the stabilizing effect. Tumor beta-glucuronidase showed considerable negative charge heterogeneity in the pI range from 4.2 to 6.2 in isoelectric focusing on polyacrylamide gel. Upon treatment with exogenous alkaline phosphatase or endoglycosidase H, the heterogenous variant forms of the tumor enzyme appeared to partly or completely lose their negative charge and to be converted into forms similar to those of the normal lung enzyme. These data strongly suggest that the variants are highly phosphorylated on the oligosaccharide chains of the enzyme. An experiment on the labelling of beta-glucuronidase with [32P]-phosphoric acid provided further evidence that the acidic variants found in lung cancers are extensively phosphorylated forms of the enzyme.
 ...
PMID:Cancer-associated alteration of beta-glucuronidase in human lung cancer: elevated activity and increased phosphorylation. 643 19

We report a case of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) associated with pronounced peripheral lymphadenopathy, with the cells having the philadelphia (Phl) chromosome and T-cell features. A 23-year-old man who was diagnosed as having CML and treated with busulfan was admitted to our hospital because of increasing hepatosplenomegaly and pronounced lymphadenopathy. An axillary lymph node biopsy disclosed that the malignant cells formed rosettes with neuraminidase-treated sheep red blood cells (En) (95.0%) and were positive for Leu 1 (91.8%). Of the cytochemical reactions, peroxidase was negative and periodic acid-Shiff, acid alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase and beta-glucuronidase were all positive. The karyotype of the bone marrow cells was 46 XY Phl positive (22q-), and that of the lymph node cells was 51 XY Phl positive +8, +9, +18, +19, +21, 22q-. He was treated with various anti-leukemic agents and irradiation. Despite such treatments, he died of pneumonia. This is a report of a CML patients with blast crisis and tumor formation characterized by T-cell features.
 ...
PMID:Blast crisis of chronic myelogenous leukemia with tumor formation characterized by T-cell features--a case report. 660 8


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>