Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether three different types of dietary fiber, wheat bran, carrot fiber, and citrus pectin, influenced the induction of colorectal tumors produced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine in rats. In all groups, the tumor yield was high (87 to 97%). In the wheat bran and carrot fiber groups, the incidence of colorectal tumors was not significantly different from that of the group fed on the fiber-free basic diet. The citrus pectin group, however, had a significantly higher incidence of colorectal tumors (p less than 0.001). An increased number of auditory duct tumors was also noted in this group. In a separate experiment, dietary pectin induced a 10-fold increase in fecal beta-glucuronidase activity but did not alter this activity in the bowel wall. It has been suggested that dietary fiber protects against the induction of colorectal tumors, but this was not the case in the experiment. It is possible that the high tumor yield made the demonstration of a weak protective effect of wheat bran impossible. The reason for the increased occurrence of tumors in the citrus pectin group is obscure and will be subjected to further investigation. Fecal beta-glucuronidase activity might be one factor of importance in the activation of the carcinogen.
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PMID:Effect of dietary fiber on the induction of colorectal tumors and fecal beta-glucuronidase activity in the rat. 47 99

The activity and distribution of acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, nonspecific esterases, beta-glucuronidase, and aminopeptidase were examined in the transplantable R-3327 rat prostatic adenocarcinoma and compared with those in the four prostatic lobes of the rat. Both the well and poorly differentiated tumor cells in R-3327 carcinoma were characterized by high activities of beta-glucuronidase and aminopeptidase. The poorly differentiated cells had a high alkaline phosphatase activity. The enzymatic profile of the R-3327 adenocarcinoma closely resembled that of the anterior and dorsal prostate. The origin of the tumor in one of these prostatic lobes is probable, but not certain.
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PMID:Enzyme activity and distribution in rat prostatic adenocarcinoma. 63 35

Activities of the lysosomal enzymes, cathepsin B1 (CBI), beta-glucuronidase, and beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase, as well as sialyl transferase, alkaline phosphatase, and placenta-like alkaline phosphatase, were determined on blind-coded serums from 99 women exposed to diethylstilbestrol (DES) in utero and 40 unexposed subjects of comparable age range. Cathepsin B1 averaged 100%, 1040% (P less than 0.001), 2720 % (P less than 0.001), and 4760% (P less than 0.001) of controls in DES-exposed women with no genital tract abnormalities (N = 11), adenosis (N = 68), adenosis with concomitant dysplasia (N = 15), and clear-cell adenocarcinoma (N = 5), respectively. The later two groups also exhibited 0.01). Activities of the other four enzymes in serums of DES-exposed women were unchanged from those controls, suggesting that alterations in CBI were not due to generalized increases in lysosomal membrane instability or other gross cellular damage. In 2 DES-exposed women with clear-cell adenocardinoma, from whom serial samples were available, preoperative levels of serum CBl fell from a mean of 4280% to values indistinguishable from controls by 7--12 days after tumor excision, concurrently with objective signs of remission. Recrudescence of serum CBI levels preceded by at least 3 months clinical evidence of persistent adenosis accompanied by vaginal dysplasia. Although the nature of the increments in CBI-like activity in the majority of subjects with DES-related pathology remains to be determined, the findings may complement present methods of physical diagnosis and prognosis.
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PMID:Elevated serum cathepsin B1 and vaginal pathology after prenatal DES exposure. 70 88

Seventy-eight patients with advanced cancer received an adequate therapeutic trial with aniline mustard (NSC 18429). Significant anticancer activity with clinical benefit was demonstrated in five patients with cancer of the prostate and one patient with renal cancer. beta-glucuronidase levels in aspirate and imprint preparations of tumor cells were assessed by a timed cytochemical technique. A partial correlation appeared to exist between very intense glucuronidase staining and tumor regression in prostate and kidney lesions; however, these high levels were observed only rarely. Sequential observations in two patients demonstrated loss of enzymatic activity concomitant with development of clinical relapse.
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PMID:Therapeutic trial of aniline mustard in patients with advanced cancer. Comparison of therapeutic response with cytochemical assessment of tumor cell beta-glucuronidase activity. 99 Nov 4

Newborn rats were given subcutaneuously 85 mg ethylnitrosourea/kg body weight. The trigeminal nerves of the grown up and of infantile animals were histologically examined and their beta-glucuronidase activity biochemically determined. These activities were compared with those of untreated control animals of the same age. More than 50% of the enzyme values of the experimental animals were significantly higher than those of the controls. Most of the elevated activities were encountered in the central part of the nerve and consisted mainly of the pooled soluble and bound fraction of the enzyme. There is a positive correlation between the level of the enzymatic activity and the degree of morphological changes. An increased enzymatic activity was found in almost 100% of the tumor bearing nerves. Moreover such increased activities were found in a considerable number of histologically tumor free nerves. Ruling out other causes, for instance inflammation, it may be assumed that the increased activity of beta-glucuronidase in the trigeminal nerve of the rat after application of ethylnitrosourea is an expression of its carcinogenic effect and precedes the histologically visible alterations.
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PMID:[Beta-glucuronidase activity and morphological alterations in the nervus trigeminus of the rat after application of the neurotropic carcinogen ethylnitrosourea (author's transl)]. 120 24

Characteristics of mouse macrophage (MP) cell lines A640-BB-2, J774.1 and P388D1 and mouse peritoneal exudate MPs were studied and compared in cell morphology, ability to recognize tumor cells in the presence and absence of OK-432 known to activate MPs, and in lysosomal enzyme activity. In A640-BB-2 cells and exudate MPs, cell surfaces showed a few ridge-like processes and microvilli; spontaneous cytotoxicity was moderate against tumor target L929, and little or absent against targets SV3T3, B-16 and U937; and lysosomal enzyme activity of nonspecific esterase, acid phosphatase, and beta-glucuronidase was high. After culture in the presence of OK-432, A640-BB-2 cells and exudate MPs showed more extensive spreading with larger surface areas and with increased numbers of ridge-like processes and microvilli, and their cytotoxicity against target L929 became more extensive. The stable soluble factor did not participate in the mechanism of cytotoxicity against target L929 mediated by A640-BB-2 cells and exudate MPs. J774.1 and P388D1 cells were different from exudate MPs in cell morphology and ability to recognize tumor cells when cultured either with or without OK-432, and in lysosomal enzyme activity. A640-BB-2 cells seem to be useful in studying MP-tumor cell interaction and MP activation, and in detecting the trace biological activating factor of MPs.
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PMID:Characterization of macrophage cell line A640-BB-2: A640-BB-2 resembles peritoneal exudate macrophages in cell morphology, tumor cell recognition, responsiveness to immunomodulator OK-432 and lysosomal enzyme activity. 136 4

Since human colorectal tumors are insensitive to most chemotherapeutic agents, there is a need for the discovery of new drugs that would show activity against this disease. In an attempt to better appreciate the relevance of a widely used mouse colon tumor (colon adenocarcinoma Co38) as a screening model for human colorectal tumors, we compared the main phase I and phase II drug-metabolizing enzyme systems in both tumoral and nontumoral colon tissues. The following enzymes were assayed by Western blot: cytochromes P-450 (1A1/A2, 2B1/B2, 2C, 2E1, and 3A), epoxide hydrolase, and glutathione-S-transferases (GST-alpha, -mu, and -pi). The activities of the following enzymes or cofactors were determined by spectrophotometric or fluorometric assays: total cytochrome P-450, 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene-GST, selenium-independent glutathione peroxidase, 3,4-dichloronitrobenzene-GST, ethacrynic acid-GST, total glutathione, epoxide hydrolase, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, beta-glucuronidase, sulfotransferase, and sulfatase. Results obtained by Western blot showed that mouse colon adenocarcinoma Co38 did not express any of the probed cytochromes P-450, whereas human colorectal tumors expressed only low levels of cytochrome P-450 3A. GST-alpha and GST-pi were detected in all tumoral and nontumoral tissues of both species. The neutral GST-mu was expressed in all murine tissues investigated and was found to be polymorphic in human tissues. For human peritumoral and tumoral colorectal tissues there was no significant difference between GST isoenzyme levels, whereas mouse colon adenocarcinoma Co38 had a lower expression of GST-mu and GST-pi, compared to normal mouse colon. Enzymatic activities for glutathione peroxidase, 3,4-dichloronitrobenzene-GST, and ethacrynic acid-GST confirmed the Western blot results for GST-alpha, GST-mu, and GST-pi, respectively. Total GSH levels were similar between murine and human tumors but were 3-fold higher in human tumors than in peritumoral tissues, whereas they were 7-fold lower in mouse colon tumor Co38, compared to normal mouse colon. Epoxide hydrolase was not expressed in either mouse colon adenocarcinoma Co38 or normal mouse colon tissues, whereas it was expressed in human colon peritumoral and tumoral tissues at similar levels. No significant difference was observed between human tumors and peritumoral tissues for UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, beta-glucuronidase, sulfotransferase, and sulfatase. For murine colon tissues, the conjugation pathways (UDP-glucuronosyltransferase and sulfotransferase) were lower in colon adenocarcinoma Co38, whereas the converse was observed for the corresponding hydrolytic enzymes (beta-glucuronidase and sulfatase).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Comparison of mouse and human colon tumors with regard to phase I and phase II drug-metabolizing enzyme systems. 142 2

Medical records of 11 cats with lymphoma involving large granular lymphocytes were reviewed. All 9 cats tested were FeLV-negative. Ten cats had a history of anorexia, lethargy, vomiting, or diarrhea, and had lymphoma involving abdominal viscera. The most common site of tumor in these cats was the jejunum. One cat had cutaneous masses caused by dermal and epidermal infiltration with neoplastic large granular lymphocytes. The most common hematologic abnormality was leukocytosis, characterized by neutrophilia with a left shift (7 cats); 2 cats had a left shift without neutrophilia. None of the cats had lymphocytosis, but immature large granular lymphocytes were found in the blood of 4 cats. The most common serum biochemical abnormalities were hypoalbuminemia (10 cats), hypocalcemia (10 cats), hypoproteinemia (9 cats), high aspartate transaminase activity (9 cats), and hyperbilirubinemia (8 cats). Large granular lymphocytes were characterized by abundant cytoplasm containing distinct azurophilic granules that varied in size and number. The most common cytochemical staining pattern included detection of alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase, acid phosphatase, and beta-glucuronidase activities. On examination of histologic sections, granules stained weakly eosinophilic with Giemsa and moderately with periodic acid-Schiff reaction. Ultrastructurally, the granules appeared membrane bound and contained an electron-dense matrix in 4 cats.
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PMID:Lymphoma involving large granular lymphocytes in cats: 11 cases (1982-1991). 142 72

Impairments in the respiratory burst and stimulus-response coupling were studied with respect to the increased rate of cell replication that occurred in HL60 cells during repetitive passages in cell culture. During a 45-week period of culture, HL60 cells developed a progressive increase in rate of replication. Concomitantly, undifferentiated cells developed an impairment in ATP-induced calcium mobilization. The percentage of cells that could be differentiated with dimethyl sulfoxide progressively diminished. Differentiated cells developed an impairment in both the respiratory burst and secretion of beta-glucuronidase. In addition, regulation of the respiratory burst by cAMP agonists including isoproterenol, adenosine, and prostaglandin E2 was reduced in rapidly proliferating cells. Thus, multiple changes in stimulus-response coupling occur during cell culture in association with an increase in rate of cell replication. It may be important to recognize progressive impairments in cell function in studies using repetitive samples of HL60 cells from a continuously maintained cell population. The observed impairments in stimulus-response coupling may be relevant to unregulated cell growth in neoplastic disease.
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PMID:Impaired stimulus-response coupling in association with increased growth rate of HL60 cells. 150 70

To treat superficial bladder cancer or invasive bladder cancer presenting as a solitary tumor, conservative therapy such as transurethral resection of bladder tumor or partial cystectomy has long been carried out. We studied the effect of 1-hexylcarbamoyl-5-fluorouracil (HCFU), and the effects of the combination of HCFU and 2.5-di-O-acetyl-D-glucaro-(1-4)(6-3) dilactone (SLA) which is an anti-beta-glucuronidase agent, for preventive therapy. In the patients treated with HCFU, the recurrence rate was 3.6% and 26.6% one year and two years, respectively, after conservative operation. In the patients treated with both SLA and HCFU, the recurrence rate was lower than in those treated with HCFU one year or more after conservative operation, and a long-term preventive effect was expected for nondrinkers.
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PMID:[Study of preventive effect of 1-hexylcarbamoyl-5-fluorouracil (HCFU) or combination of HCFU and 2.5-di-O-acetyl-D-glucaro (1-4) (6-3) dilactone (SLA) after preservative operation against bladder cancer]. 154 64


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