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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The morphologic appearances of regional lymph nodes in radical mastectomy specimens obtained from 303 women entered into a prospective study of invasive breast cancer were categorized into patterns that have been considered to reflect immunologic function. An attempt was made to correlate these with 31 other histological and 8 clinical features, including short-term treatment failure (3 months to 4 years, average 24 months). No significant relationship to the latter was encountered. However, a lymphocyte predominance pattern was significantly associated with a stellate tumor border, absent cell reaction within the dominant tumor, absent sinus histocytosis of lymph nodes, combination tumor types, and a patient age of 55 years or more. A similar relationship between age of patient and sinus histiocytosis was found with the germinal center predominance pattern. In addition, this histologic appearance was associated with circumscribed tumors, severe cell reaction, and the infiltrating ductal carcinoma NOS and medullary types. Nodes with an unstimulated appearance were also found to be related to an absent cell reaction but marked sinus histiocytosis and a patient age of 45-54 years. Possible reasons for the differences between these findings and those of others relating prognostic value to such assessment of nodal histology is discussed, as are the findings of studies relevant to the identity of immunologic function with the morphologic appearance of nodal structure. The findings from this study fail to indicate any value of such nodal assessments as prognostic discriminants for breast cancer. Although longer periods of observation might alter this conclusion, such an event is regarded as unlikely.
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PMID:Pathologic findings from the national surgical adjuvant breast project (protocol no. 4). II. The significance of regional node histology other than sinus histiocytosis in invasive mammary cancer. 17 20

One hundred fifty-eight patients with axillary nodal metastases recovered from radical mastectomy specimens for operable, invasive breast cancer were divided into those in whom such metastases were confined within the node and those in whom one or more nodes manifested extranodal extension. The relationships of these patterns to 33 pathologic and seven clinical features of these cases were investigated by contingency table analysis. Statistically significant associations (p less than .05) between extranodal extension of such metastases and short-term treatment failure, as well as the presence of four or more involved nodes, infiltrating ductal NOS histologic tumor type, stellate tumor border, and nipple involvement, were found. When the metastases were confined to the node there was a significantly greater likelihood that the cancers were either medullary or tubular histologic types. Associations with severe cell reaction and a nuclear grade of 1 were also found, but appeared to reflect the high frequency of medullary carcinomas in this group. The results suggest that evaluation of extranodal extension of axillary nodal metastases in patients with breast cancer may represent an important prognostic discriminant.
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PMID:Pathologic findings from the national surgical adjuvant breast project. (Protocol no. 4). III. The significance of extranodal extension of axillary metastases. 126 7

Twenty-two pathologic (including estrogen and progesterone receptor status) and four clinical features of 950 node-negative stage I invasive breast cancers from 950 women enrolled in the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project protocol B-06 were analyzed for their possible prognostic significance. Univariate analyses revealed 10 characteristics that were significant at the 1% level. Only three of these--notably nuclear grade, histologic tumor type, and race--were found to be significant when entered into a Cox regression model. Patients whose tumors exhibited a good nuclear grade fared significantly better than those whose tumors were scored as poor. Similarly, a significantly better prognosis was noted when the histologic type of cancer was found to be "favorable" (mucinous, tubular, or papillary) than when it was "intermediate" (NOS, "Not Otherwise Specified," combination; typical medullary; and lobular invasive) or "unfavorable" (NOS pure and atypical medullary). Blacks exhibited a worse prognosis than whites. Survival was 94% at 8 years when the nuclear grade was good and the tumor type favorable, but only 54% when the nuclear grade was poor and tumor type unfavorable. Patients with one favorable and one unfavorable feature exhibited an intermediate survival. A brief overview as well as our own preliminary experience indicates that the combined use of these two prognostic pathologic parameters may be as good as and in some instances a better predictor of survival in node-negative patients than information derived from more "objective" methodologies such as flow cytometry, receptor analyses and tumor labeling indices or the demonstration of oncogene overexpression. Assessment of the pathologic parameters is simple, universally available, and quick and requires only modest training to be reproducible.
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PMID:Prognostic factors in NSABP studies of women with node-negative breast cancer. National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project. 134 74

Common as well as unusual, heretofore unmentioned histopathologic features observed in 336 typical and 273 atypical medullary breast cancers from 6404 patients enrolled in various stage I and II protocols of the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Projects (NSABP) are presented. Both medullary types exhibited comparable pathologic findings, except for the infiltrative border and/or slight or absent tumor lymphoid infiltrate which by definition characterize the atypical form. Both also demonstrated a similar, high proclivity to be aneuploid, and to lack estrogen and progesterone receptors and nodal metastases. After appropriate statistical adjustments, survival (analyzed for 198 patients with typical and 149 with atypical medullary cancers) was found to be better for untreated, node-negative and node-positive patients treated with L-PAM + 5Fu who had typical medullary cancers than those with the NOS histologic type. The magnitude of this difference was 6% at 5 and 17% at 10 years post-operatively (cumulative odds = 1.81 with a 95% confidence interval of 1.08 - 3.3) for the former group, and 4% at 5 and 16% at 10 years (cumulative odds = 1.56 with a 95% confidence interval of 1.08 - 2.23) for the latter. Survival was comparable for patients with atypical medullary and NOS types in both situations. No clear difference in survival was found in untreated, positive node patients with the 3 histologic types examined, although the sample sizes in this subset were relatively small. This information as well as other pertinent considerations indicate that the prognosis of typical medullary cancer is not as 'good' as previously perceived. It is also concluded that there is insufficient evidence at present to exclude the atypical medullary variant as a histologic type of breast cancer.
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PMID:Medullary cancer of the breast revisited. 208 73

Immunohistochemical distribution of S-100 protein was evaluated in 129 tumors from major and minor salivary glands. Also, two sensitive immunoperoxidase avidin-biotin methods using either overnight incubation with primary antibody or pretreatment trypsin digestion and half-hour incubation were compared. Tumors with S-100 protein immunoreactivity were demonstrated in numerous benign and malignant histologic categories. Adenoid cystic carcinomas, carcinomas ex pleomorphic adenoma, clear cell carcinomas, and adenocarcinomas NOS showed inconsistent positive staining, whereas all monomorphic and pleomorphic adenomas and polymorphous low grade adenocarcinomas examined stained positively. No staining was observed in mucoepidermoid carcinomas or acinic cell carcinomas. Mesenchymal-like tumor cells with positive immunostaining were seen only in pleomorphic adenomas and trabecular-tubular adenomas. Equivalent results were found with both overnight and same-day digestion techniques. The consistent S-100 protein staining in some histologic tumor categories (pleomorphic and monomorphic adenoma and polymorphous low grade adenocarcinoma) compared to mucoepidermoid carcinoma that is devoid of S-100 protein immunoreactivity has application to some microscopic differential diagnostic situations. Inconsistent staining of adenoid cystic carcinomas and adenocarcinomas did not allow discrimination from other benign and malignant salivary gland tumors with similar histomorphology.
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PMID:S-100 protein in salivary gland tumors: an immunohistochemical study of 129 cases. 301 96

Three basic cytologic variants were identified among cases of infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the breast (NOS). These variants were found to have different distributions among patients surviving 25 years after mastectomy, compared with matched short-lived control subjects. Multivariate analyses indicated that recognition of these cytologic variants enhanced the prognostic value of tumor grade and blood vessel invasion. Patients with tumors designated here as histologic type C, which others have called invasive cribriform carcinoma, appear to have a higher probability of long-term survival than patients with other histologic subtypes. Since they account for approximately 20 per cent of 25-year survivors, they should be distinguished from patients with other types of infiltrating ductal carcinoma (NOS).
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PMID:Histologic features associated with long-term survival in breast cancer. 301 65

Medulloblastoma is the most common primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) with the potential to differentiate along glial or neuronal lines. Thirty cases of medulloblastoma were tested by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) method with anti-GFAP serum (DAKO) and by the avidin-biotin peroxidase complex (ABC) method with 68kd subunit of anti-NF antibody. All the cases were classified into three subtypes based on these immunohistochemical findings and were analyzed in relation to clinico-pathological features. Fifteen of thirty medulloblastomas contained GFAP positive cells, seventeen showed cells reacting to NF. The reactions for both proteins were present in eight medulloblastomas (PNET-BD, bipotential differentiation). Seventeen medulloblastomas reacted to only one protein (PNET-MD, monopotential differentiation). No reaction for either was found in five cases (PNET-NOS, not otherwise specified). The two year survival rate was 12.5% for PNET-BD compared to 49.2% for PNET-MD and 53.3% for PNET-NOS. Nine variables, i.e. age, tumor stage, metastatic stage, operation, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, histology, GFAP and NF, were analyzed using Cox's proportional hazard model. This revealed that the significant factors were tumor stage (p = 0.0002), GFAP (p = 0.0008) and operation (p less than 0.05). In conclusion, GFAP is the most important histological factor for prognosis and medulloblastoma without glial differentiation has a much better prognosis than one with glial differentiation.
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PMID:[Glial fibrillary acidic protein and neurofilament protein in medulloblastoma]. 314 67

Histopathologic material from 1,782 patients registered in the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study Committee (IRS)-I and -II were reviewed by the IRS Pathology Committee in order to provide a uniform approach to classification and correlate patient survival with tumor type. Categories considered eligible were the four types of rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) (criteria of Horn and Enterline), extraosseous Ewing's tumor (EOE), and a group of somewhat variable undifferentiated sarcomas designated small round cell sarcoma, type indeterminate (STI). Tumors that were clearly sarcomas but were unclassifiable also were included (NOS). The committee diagnoses were embryonal (Emb) RMS in 877 (54%), alveolar (Alv) RMS in 343 (21%), botryoid (Botr) RMS in 88 (5%), pleomorphic (Pleo) RMS in 11 (1%), STI in 135 (8%), and EOE in 84 (5%). One in nine were mixtures of types, eg, Emb and Alv. Five percent of the sarcomas could not be classified because of inadequate material. In general, there was close agreement (94%) between the review committee and institutional pathologists in the diagnosis of RMS, but not in the specific types, particularly Alv RMS (41%) and STI (36%). This observation is important, since patients with Alv RMS and STI tumors had decreased survival compared with the other histologies. The prognosis varied by histology, with Botr having the best, Alv RMS and STI the worst, and Emb RMS and EOE an intermediate prognosis.
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PMID:Histopathology of childhood sarcomas, Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Studies I and II: clinicopathologic correlation. 327 51

Carcinosarcoma of the uterine cervix is a rare tumor. A case of carcinosarcoma of uterine cervix initially interpreted as sarcoma, NOS, is presented along with immunohistochemical findings.
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PMID:Carcinosarcoma of the uterine cervix initially interpreted as high grade sarcoma. 337 85

The Agrobacterium tumor-inducing (Ti) plasmid pTiT37 encodes nopaline synthase (NOS) gene (nos) with eukaryotic promoter elements that is expressed in transformed plant cells but not in the bacterial host. We have fused the nos gene to the Escherichia coli trp promoter, and observed synthesis of NOS in E. coli. The nopaline produced by this enzyme is excreted into the culture medium. NOS is enzymatically active at 30 degrees C but not 37 degrees C, as based on nopaline production. NOS protein is produced at both temperatures, based on production in minicells.
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PMID:Expression of the nopaline synthase gene in Escherichia coli. 391 59


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