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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

E26 is an acute avian leukemia virus that contains two nuclear oncogenes, v-myb and v-ets, and that is capable of transforming early cells of the erythroid and myeloid lineages. In another study, we have found that TPA (phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate) treatment of E26-transformants displaying an 'early erythroid' phenotype results in the production of cells with either myeloid or eosinophil characteristics. To analyze this induction in greater detail we have produced a panel of four monoclonal antibodies against E26-transformants before and after TPA-induced differentiation. Two antibodies, MEP21 and MEP26, reacted with proteins of 150 and 47-60 kDa, respectively, which are expressed on the surface of E26 progenitor cells but whose expression is extinguished following TPA-induced differentiation. A third antibody, EOS47, recognizes a 100 kDa molecule that is expressed on the surface of TPA-induced peroxidase positive cells (an enzyme that in avian species is restricted to cells of the eosinophilic lineage). MEP21, MEP26, and EOS47 do not react with lymphoid, myeloid, or more mature erythroid lineage cell lines. The fourth antibody, MEP17, recognizes a heterodimer of 140 and 150 kDa chains which is expressed at high levels by E26-transformed progenitor cells and at lower levels by TPA-induced cells. Further biochemical characterization of the MEP17 antigen revealed a structure similar to that of the leukocyte adhesion molecule VLA-4; a member of the integrin family of adhesion proteins. All four antibodies react with subpopulations of cells in the bone marrow and spleens of 1-day-old chickens. Although the MEP21 and MEP26 antibodies do not appear to react with mature cells of most hematopoietic lineages they are expressed at high levels by mature thrombocytes. In addition, MEP17 is expressed at high levels by the majority of bursal B-cells, thrombocytes, and more weakly by thymocytes. The reagents described should be useful as markers for the study of development, migration, and differentiation of normal avian hematopoietic progenitor cells and eosinophilic precursors, and for the study of retrovirus-induced neoplasia.
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PMID:Cell surface proteins of chicken hematopoietic progenitors, thrombocytes and eosinophils detected by novel monoclonal antibodies. 140 65

To decipher the early events preceding the re-entry of somatic cells into the cell cycle, we constructed a cDNA library from 6-h-old protoplasts of Nicotiana sylvestris. We characterized three mRNAs, via their cDNAs, that accumulate at very high levels 6 h after the beginning of the culture. Two of them could be identified by comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence to databanks. 6P10 is a novel type I trypsin inhibitor, which has the peculiarity of being devoid of the pro-sequence peptide described to be essential for transport to the vacuole. 6P73 is a novel, moderately anionic peroxidase. 6P50 belongs to a gene family not yet identified. These genes are highly expressed in protoplasts at the beginning of the culture and moderately in roots, but are neither expressed in response to chemical treatment, heat shock, pathogen attacks nor during tumor induction. These findings suggest that the activation of these genes corresponds not only to a specific adaptation of protoplasts to the new environment but also, since their level of expression decreases at the onset of division, to a sequence of events connected with the establishment of the new program of gene expression of the dividing cell.
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PMID:Characterization of genes expressed in mesophyll protoplasts of Nicotiana sylvestris before the re-initiation of the DNA replicational activity. 141 48

The presence of poorly oxygenated cells in solid tumors may account for clinical resistance to ionizing radiation and some chemotherapy in many cancers. Studies of the presence and spatial distribution, sensitivity to cancer therapies, and other physiological characteristics of hypoxic cells are hindered by the lack of markers specific for hypoxia and a relevant yet easily manipulated model system. We have chosen to use multicellular spheroids composed of murine EMT6 (fibrosarcoma) tumor cells as a model system and have applied an immunohistochemical marker specific for hypoxic cells with the ultimate goal of determining how cell populations change in response to radiation and/or chemotherapy. Large spheroids (500-700 microns in diameter) were selected and incubated in the presence of a hexafluorinated 2-nitroimidazole derivative, designated CCI-103F, which undergoes reductive metabolism and irreversibly binds to cellular macromolecules only under low oxygen tensions. A rabbit polyclonal antibody raised against a CCI-103F/protein adduct was used to visualize hypoxic cells using standard streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase immunohistochemical methods. Investigations using this spheroid model system promise to further our understanding of hypoxic cell resistance to cytotoxic therapies and of hypoxic cell biology in general.
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PMID:Description of a spheroid model for the study of radiation and chemotherapy effects on hypoxic tumor cell populations. 142 99

Murine IgG3 monoclonal antibody (Mab) 1H10, which recognizes a tumor-associated antigen expressed on the surface of more than 40% of human cervical carcinoma tissues, was used for in vivo localization and therapy of cervical tumor xenografts. A human cervical carcinoma cell line, CaSki, was used as our experimental tumor system. Mab 1H10 antigen expression on the surface of CaSki cells was found to be cell-cycle independent. The ability of Mab 1H10 F(ab')2 to bind to CaSki tumor xenografts was verified by direct immunohistochemical staining of thin tumor sections with a Mab 1H10-peroxidase conjugate. Radioimmunoscintigraphy of nude mice bearing CaSki tumors after iv administration of [131I]1H10 F(ab')2 showed clear tumor images 48 hr after Mab injection. Radiolabeled Mab 1H10 F(ab')2 was found to specifically localize in solid CaSki tumors 96 hr after antibody injection. Radioactivity in tumor tissue was 4 times higher than that in kidney tissue and over 6 times higher than that in liver tissue. Mab 1H10 F(ab')2 binding to xenografted CaSki tumors was 17 times greater than a control IgG3 F(ab')2 after 96 hr. Therapy of athymic mice bearing established CaSki tumors with three iv injections of 100 microCi [131I]1H10 F(ab')2 resulted in extensive tumor necrosis and significant suppression (p < 0.05) of tumor growth compared to that in control mice. These results indicate that Mab 1H10 F(ab')2 may be clinically useful for detection or treatment of cervical cancer.
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PMID:Localization and therapy of human cervical tumor xenografts with radiolabeled monoclonal antibody 1H10. 142 9

A patient with CML showed monoblastic crisis which started with extramedullary tumor formation in a rib before medullary involvement. She was diagnosed as having CML in 1984 at the age of 57. In February 1990, she was admitted to Furukawa City Hospital because of extramedullary blastic crisis beginning at the right 5th rib. At that time, the bone marrow revealed 4.6% blasts. On March 5, after one course of chemotherapy, she was transferred to our hospital for radiotherapy. Hematological findings were WBC 10,100/microliter with 10% blasts, Hb 10.9 g/dl, platelet 3.7 x 10(4)/microliters. Bone marrow aspiration was unsuccessful. The blasts in the peripheral blood were negative for peroxidase and chloroacetate esterase; but positive for naphtylbutyrate esterase. The leukemic cells were positive for CD13, CD33, and had phagocytic activity. Chromosomal analysis revealed 46XX with Ph1 chromosome and some additional anomalies. Southern blot analysis of tumor cells shows BCR rearrangement. These findings suggest that the blasts were immature monocytic cells, and we conclude that this is a rare case of extramedullary monoblastic crisis of CML.
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PMID:[A case of monoblastic crisis of CML beginning with extramedullary tumor formation in a rib]. 143 21

Here we demonstrate a nonradioactive immunoprecipitation and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) technique which replaces the standard practice of isotopic protein labeling by iodination or metabolic tagging in the analysis of membrane proteins. The technique has proved extremely valuable in the biochemical analysis of small quantities of frozen, pathological tissue. Membranes were prepared from Dx3 (a human melanoma cell line), C6 (a rat glial cell line), and osteoclastoma (a human giant cell tumor of bone). The membranes were labeled with biotin and immunoprecipitated with a variety of antibodies to the vitronectin receptor (VNR). The VNR proteins were resolved by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotted onto nitrocellulose paper. The biotinylated protein was visualized using streptavidin horseradish peroxidase and enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL). Film exposures ranged from 15 min to 16 h. Good visualization of the VNR, yielding the typical heterodimeric receptor of 90 and 150 kDa, was given. Signals generated were high and background noise low with a 30-min film exposure. An overnight exposure increased the detection of weaker bands. In conclusion, biotinylation of membrane proteins proved a satisfactory label for immunoprecipitation and SDS-PAGE analysis. The ECL development stage was extremely flexible with visualization of strong and weak signals. The method has several advantages over a conventional radioactive immunoprecipitation in that it is relatively inexpensive, simple, quick and nonhazardous.
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PMID:A nonradioactive biochemical characterization of membrane proteins using enhanced chemiluminescence. 144 97

Recently there have been several reports documenting the presence of estrogen receptors (ERs) in human gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies, raising the possibility that these cancers may be hormonally manipulated. To test this hypothesis, 68 frozen GI tissue specimens were examined for the presence of ERs within the cell nuclei by immunohistochemical staining. There were 51 cancers (25 gastric, 26 colon) and 17 normal tissue specimens (six gastric, 11 colon). Tissue sections 4 to 6 microns thick were incubated with monoclonal antibody H222SP psi, then stained by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique for visualization of the ER. The staining was semiquantitatively graded from 0 to 3+ depending on both the intensity of staining and the percentage of cell nuclei stained. A breast cancer specimen known to be strongly positive for the ER was used as a positive control. The 30 male and 21 female cancer patients had a median age of 59 years. All tumors were adenocarcinomas. Eight per cent of the gastric cancers were poorly differentiated, while 94 per cent of the colon cancers were moderately well to well differentiated. Using weak staining of at least 20 per cent of the cell nuclei as the minimum requirement for an ER positive tumor (1+, 0/51 tumors and 0/17) normal specimens were positive for ER. Only three out of 25 (12%) gastric tumors, and two out of 26 (8%) colon tumors demonstrated any staining; each exhibited weak staining of only five to ten per cent of the tumor nuclei.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Immunohistochemical determination of the estrogen receptor content of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas. 145 2

Forty-eight cases subjected to radioimmunoimaging (RII) by intraperitoneal injection with 131I-C0C183B2 monoclonal antibody (MAb) prepared in our laboratory were studied. Thirteen of 14 cases of proved primary ovarian carcinoma were positive. In 11 follow-up cases of ovarian carcinoma after initial surgery and chemotherapy, 5 recurrences were positive and 6 cases without recurrence were negative; all were confirmed histopathologically after a second operation. One false negative was ovarian mucinous adenocarcinoma, which also negatively stained with C0C183B2 by the peroxidase anti-peroxidase method. Twenty of 23 cases of nonepithelial or metastatic carcinoma of the ovary, benign tumors, and benign diseases were negative. The sensitivity and specificity were 94.7 and 89.7%, respectively. If patients had complications with ascites, the MAb which positively stained with the cancer cells in the ascites was chosen for RII. For follow-up cases PAP staining with the tumor tissue from the initial surgery and the MAb should be done before RII. These are the principal factors that increase the positive rate and accuracy of RII. The intraperitoneal route seems to be a valuable method for clinical staging and tumor localization as well as for follow-up use.
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PMID:Clinical evaluation of radioimmunoimaging with 131I-C0C183B2 monoclonal antibody against ovarian carcinoma by intraperitoneal injection. 146

The highest prevalence of testicular cancer occurs in young men with high androgen activity. The presence and distribution of androgen receptors (ARs) was therefore investigated in germ cell neoplasia, using two specific monoclonal antibodies. Tissue samples from 18 patients with seminoma and/or carcinoma-in-situ (CIS) of the testis were examined. An indirect immunohistochemical method with a biotin-streptavidin-peroxidase or an alkaline phosphatase detection system was used. 45% of seminoma samples and 42% of CIS samples were AR-positive with antibody AN 1-15. The values obtained using antibody F 39.4.1 were 44 and 40% respectively. Some differences in specificity between the two antibodies were observed. Unusual granular staining of germ cells in normal testes, also present in malignant germ cells, was noted when antibody F39.4.1 was used. The presence of AR protein immunoreactivity in neoplastic germ cells suggests that androgens may be involved in the pathogenesis of the disease.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical identification of androgen receptors in germ cell neoplasia. 147 24

Metallothionein (MT) is a low molecular-metal binding protein with multiple biological functions. Recently, MT has been implicated as a factor involved in resistance to anticancer drugs, which presumably inactivates anticancer drugs, including cisplatin, and doxorubicin. In this report, we investigated the relationship of MT expression with the clinical features in bladder cancer and renal cell carcinoma. In 35 cases of bladder cancer, 10 cases of renal cell carcinoma and 3 cases of normal mucosa of bladder, the expression of MT was immunohistologically examined by avidinebiotin-peroxidase (ABC) staining of paraffin-embedded tissue specimens with anti-MT antibody. Intense MT expression was noted in all cases of normal mucosa of bladder. MT was detected in 10 of 35 cases of bladder cancer, with the incidence of MT expression being significantly higher increases with lower pathological tumor grade. MT was detected in 8 of 10 cases of renal cell carcinoma, and all of the their normal renal tubules showed more intense staining. A number of hypotheses can be proposed from these observations. First, our observation of decreased MT expression in poorly differentiated carcinomas, which are the more proliferating tumors, this suggests correlation of MT expression with proliferative status of cancer. Second, the higher incidence of MT expression in renal cell carcinoma than in bladder cancer may suggest that it is a factor responsible for the lower efficacy of chemo-therapy in renal cell carcinoma than in bladder cancer.
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PMID:[Histopathological study of metallothionein in bladder cancer and renal cell carcinoma]. 149 1


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