Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A binary logistic model is used for predicting response to cytotoxic chemotherapy for a breast cancer patient on the basis of her tumor enzyme activity profile. The enzymes used in the model are lactate dehydrogenase, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-isocitrate dehydrogenase, and phosphoglucomutase, all of which were measured on primary tumor specimens from each patient. The statistical model provides an estimate of the probability that an individual will respond to treatment. Chemotherapeutic treatment consisting of combination cytotoxic drugs and subsequent evaluation of patient response followed cooperative group protocol guidelines, including outside review to confirm the patient evaluation. The model based on this study, which represents 5 years of patient follow-up, correctly predicts clinical outcome in 32 of the 37 cases available.
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PMID:A statistical model for predicting response of breast cancer patients to cytotoxic chemotherapy. 66 49

Aqueous humor lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were assayed for 23 patients with histologically proved retinoblastoma. The mean aqueous level was 1,886 IU/liter. Twenty-one of these patients had an aqueous humor LDH level above the normal mean. Clinicopathological parameters were determined and evaluated using standard statistical formulas. Only the presence of tumor in the anterior chamber correlated significantly with the aqueous humor LDH level. The following clinical features did not correlate with aqueous humor LDH levels: sex, family history, bilaterality, prior treatment, presentation age, enucleation age, and metastasis. The following pathological features did not correlate with aqueous humor LDH levels: calcification, necrosis, rosettes, inflammation, choroidal or optic nerve invasion, or neovascularization.
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PMID:Aqueous humor lactate dehydrogenase in retinoblastoma patients. Clinicopathologic correlations. 69 17

Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities have been studied using quantitative enzyme histochemical techniques in the epidermis of five patients with solar keratoses and Bowen's disease. 'Non sun-exposed' buttock skin was compared with the skin from the actual lesion and adjacent, clinically normal paralesional skin. SDH activity was significantly increased in the basal layer and decreased in the granular layer in the epidermis of both lesion and paralesional skin, although the total epidermal activities were unchanged when compared to 'non-exposed' buttock skin. G6PDH activity was increased in the granular layer of paralesional epidermis and of lesions. No change in LDH activity was detected. Inclusion of phenazine methosulphate in the reaction mixtures resulted in a three-fold increase in formazan deposition without altering the localization. It is concluded that the quantitative changes and alteration in localization of SDH and G6PDH reported in solar keratoses are accompanied by similar changes in adjacent, clinically normal 'sun-exposed' skin and differ from normal 'non-exposed' skin. It is suggested that these changes may precede the development of the solar keratoses and that these findings may indicate a significant metabolic alteration in the events that lead to neoplasia.
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PMID:A quantitative histochemical study of three oxidative enzymes in solar keratoses and Bowen's disease. 73 May 44

Immune responses to sheep erythrocytes were enhanced in mice bearing small mastocytomas soon after injection of a few tumor cells. In contrast, mice with larger tumors after transfer of a greater number of mastocytoma cells and those in the later stages of tumor development after transfer of small numbers of tumor cells showed moderately suppressed immune responses. Transfer of spleen cells from mastocytoma-bearing mice to irradiated recipients resulted in more antibody-forming cells as compared to transfer of splenocytes from normal donor mice. The addition of graded numbers of mastocytoma cells to a constant amount of normal spleen cells transferred to irradiated mice also resulted in enhanced responses and increased spleen weights in the recipients. This increase, in direct proportion to the number of mastocytoma cells transferred, also occurred when Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (a T-cell independent antigen) was used to immunize animals given spleen cells from normal mice and mastocytoma cells. Mastocytoma cell-free homogenates or X-irradiated tumor cells also heightened immune responses in recipient mice, which indicated that viable cells were not needed for the effect. Such homogenates, as well as the tumor cells per se, stimulated increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in the sera of recipient mice. However, tumor cells passaged in tissue culture for several months, those derived from mice bearing a mastocytoma cell line with a low LDH-stimulatory activity, or UV-irradiated mastocytoma cells with a high LDH-stimulatory activity did not induce enhanced plaque-forming cell responses.
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PMID:Altered immunologic responsiveness in mastocytoma-bearing mice. 81 58

A human colon epithelial tumor cell line (LS174T) recultured in vitro following passage through hamsters displayed differences in its cell doubling time and synthesis of carcinoembryonic antigen when compared with the cells grown solely in vitro. These animal-passaged cells more closely resembled the parent tumor cell line (LS180) derived from the primary tumor than LS174T, the trypsinized variant of LS180. Analysis of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes indicated that the tumor cells recovered from the hamsters were free of xenogeneic host tissue. Furthermore, LS174T grafted to athymic (nude) mice grew as a mucinous adenocarcinoma microscopically resembling the original tumor. The altered growth potential of LS174T was also demonstrated on confluent feeder monolayers of normal cells and by uninhibited multiplication in vitro. These results suggest that, at least in this one case, short-term passage of long-term cultured cells into xenogeneic hosts may effect a phenotypic reversion such that the cells regain properties observed in the primary tumor and the initial in vitro explant.
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PMID:Human colon adenocarcinoma cells. II. Tumorigenic and organoid expression in vivo and in vitro. 85 38

Human tumors implanted s.c. into athymic mice released lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) isoenzymes unique to human tissue. These isoenzymes were readily identified and quantitated in mouse plasma. When injected into mice i.p. or i.v., human LDH isoenzymes were rapidly cleared from the blood circulation, decreasing to within 10% of the initial value in 12 hr. When human tumor cell lines (HEp-2 and T-24) were injected i.v. into heterozygote or athymic mice, they released LDH isoenzymes over a 24-hr period. When these cells were injected by the i.p. route, they released the isoenzymes over the 4-day period studied. Solid tumors of HEp-2, T-24, and SW-733 cells s.c. implanted continuously released amounts of LDH that were directly related to tumor mass. Therefore, the measurement of plasma levels of human LDH isoenzymes in athymic mice is a useful parameter for detecting the presence and growth of human tumors in these animals. Since the bulk of the released LDH is assumed to derive from injured or destroyed human tumor cells, the assay for these isoenzymes should provide a useful marker for determining the effectiveness of experimental antitumor therapy in athymic mice.
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PMID:Human lactic dehydrogenase as a marker for human tumor cells grown in athymic mice. 86 32

Methyl-GAG was tested in organotypic cultures of malignant tumors of human and mice. In 3 cases, a reduction of the activity of two oxydoreductases (lactate dehydrogenase and NADH-diaphorase) after treatment with methyl-GAG was observed whereas in 19 other cultivated tumors no change of enzyme activity was induced by methyl-GAG. Electronmicroscopy revealed only minor structural alterations of tumor cells after application of methyl-GAG as compared with control cultures.
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PMID:[Histochemical and ultrastructural investigations on the activity of methylglyoxal (bis)-guanylhydrozan (methyl-GAG) on organ cultures of malignant tumors (author's transl)]. 86 71

The biochemistry and secretory characteristics of a transplantable rat pheochromocytoma have been studied. This tumor possesses the enzyme required for the biosynthesis of norepinephrine from tyrosine, and stores large amounts of norepinephrine (33 +/- 3 nmol/mg of protein). The tumor does not have detectable levels of noradrenalin N-methyltransferase, nor does it contain significant amounts of epinephrine. Approximately two-thirds of the catecholamine content, and one-half of the dopamine beta-monoxygenase activity in the tumor can be isolated in a granule fraction by sedimentation. This granule fraction also contains ATP; the molar ratio of catecholamine to ATP in this granule fraction (5.6 +/- 0.9) is similar to that found in granules prepared from normal adrenal glands. Cell suspensions were prepared by mechanical disruption of the tumor. Incubation of these cell suspensions in media containing 56 mM K+, or the divalant cation ionophores, lasolocid or A23187, leads to the release of catecholamine from these cells. The cells do not secrete catecholamine in response to acetycholine. Catecholamine release induced by 56 mM K+ appears to be by exocytosis, since this release is dependent upon extracellular Ca++, and is accompanied by the release of dopamine beta-monooxygenase, but not of lactate dehydrogenase, from the cells. The mechanism by which the ionophores stimulate catecholamine secretion has not been established.
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PMID:Studies of a transplantable rat pheochromocytoma: biochemical characterization and catecholamine secretion. 93 94

A case of primary retroperitoneal germinoma is presented in which markedly elevated serum lactic dehydrogenase levels were present before diagnosis, but declined to normal with abdominal irradiation. It is the first report of lactic dehydrogenase serving as a tumor marker in germinoma.
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PMID:Retroperitoneal germinoma marked by elevated serum lactic dehydrogenase. 94 31

We report the findings on clinicopathologic examination of three patients with balloon cell melanoma of the choroid. Ophthalmoscopically, all three had small, slowly progressive tumors at the posterior pole, with an encircling yellow halo. With fluorescein angiography, the yellow halo showed fluorescence similar to the remainder of the tumor, thus differentiating this substance from lipofuscin pigment, drusen and exudates. Light microscopy demonstrated prominent balloon cells which were most numerous at the tumor margins. These cells showed variable melanin pigmentation and were negative for lipid, acid mucopolysaccharide, and glycogen. Special enzyme studies (lactic dehydrogenase, succinic dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase, beta glucoronidase and aminopeptidase) demonstrated some similarity to melanocytic cells. Electron microscopy revealed premelanosomes and complex melanosomes in the cytoplasm of balloon cells without evidence of significant lipid.
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PMID:Malignant melanoma of the choroid with balloon cells a clinicopathologic study of three cases. 94 29


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