Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An autopsied case of primary intracranial squamous cell carcinoma (PISCC) is reported, and 25 previously reported cases of PISCC, followed by the Garcia's criteria, are reviewed. A 72-year-old female was admitted to our service with chief complaints of headache and nausea on March 30, 1988. She had no neurological deficits on admission. However, CT examination revealed a round mass lesion in the left hypothalamus with dislocation of the brain stem. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination showed squamous cell carcinoma cytologically, and slightly higher levels of beta-HCG (13.0 ng/ml) and CEA (14.2 ng/ml). Because of progressive worsening in the level of her consciousness, total removal of a suprasellar tumor was performed on April 19, 1988. Gross appearance of the tumor was yellowish, soft and encapsulated. Histologically, it was squamous cell carcinoma. She did well for several days after the operation, then deteriorated. Finally she expired because of dissemination of the carcinoma on May 14, 1988. Postmortem examination revealed a large mass of squamous cell carcinoma in her right cerebellopontine angle. Except for that in the brain, no cancer was found in her body. Immunohistological study of the tumor specimen demonstrated positive for HCG in some of the large-sized neoplastic cells. Twenty-six cases of PISCC have been reported previously, so far. However, 21 cases out of the 26 PISCC were thought to have originated from intracranial epidermoid, one from the dermoid and the other one from craniopharyngioma. In the other three cases of PISCC, including the present case, the origin of the tumor was not able to be identified.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[An autopsy case of primary intracranial squamous cell carcinoma]. 218 94

In the present review, the Authors have evaluated the current status of the utilization of the principle tumor markers for ovarian carcinoma in clinical gynecological practice. The major difficulty in individualizing a single marker is represented by the histological differentiation of the tumor itself. In fact, whereas for the malignant germ cell tumors, useful markers (AFP, B-HCG) are already available, for other histological forms, valid markers have been identified only because of the availability of the monoclonal antibody: CA 125. Even if this marker cannot be proposed for mass screening, it represents a useful instrument for the diagnosis and monitoring of ovarian carcinoma. The serum levels are well correlated with the clinical status of the patient and high concentrations of the marker are strongly indicative of disease progression at the second-look. Numerous other markers such as NB 70K, IAP, PLAP, CA 15-3 and TAG 72, are actually in the clinical evaluation phase, for the most part in association with CA 125.
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PMID:The role of tumour markers in ovarian cancer. 219 6

In the past 10 years, many developments have allowed us to understand more fully the natural history and routes of spread of testicular seminoma. The development of radiological tests such as CT scanning has allowed us to better assess the extent of disease. The availability of serum tumor markers AFP and beta HCG has facilitated the recognition of the presence of occult non-seminomatous elements. These developments plus the knowledge that seminoma is sensitive to cisplatin containing chemotherapy and that it is exquisitely sensitivity to radiation therapy resulted in further improvement in therapy. Overall we now expect 97 to 98% of patients will be cured of their disease. Currently, a number of issues in the management of seminoma remain controversial. These controversies however impact on very small proportion of patients with seminoma. Between 5 and 10% of patients have stage IID, III, or IV disease and 10 to 20% of these patients ie: 1 or 2% of the total population actually die from testicular seminoma. Thus it is for patients with advanced disease that we seek to define the nature of optimal chemotherapy, that is the most effective yet least toxic regimen. For those 1 or 2% of patients dying of seminoma we seek to identify prognostic factors to identify these patients and better treatments for them. Refinements in the application of radiation therapy for early stage disease, should allow some reduction in the morbidity of radiation without compromising control rates. Testicular seminoma its investigation and management, serves as a model for understanding other malignant processes and for orderly ways in which to refine the therapeutic ratio in the management of disease.
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PMID:Consensus statement on the investigation and management of testicular seminoma 1989. 221 72

In this study we examined the expression of EGF receptor mRNA after EGF administration in hCG producing tumor (choriocarcinoma). We transplanted the tissue of choriocarcinoma into female nude mice and investigated the effects of EGF on the growth of tumors, the binding activity of EGF receptor and the expression of EGF receptor mRNA in the tumor tissues. Two doses of EGF 5.0 micrograms, 50 micrograms and phosphate buffered saline as a control were injected subcutaneously every day for four weeks. Removed tumors were used for immunocytochemical studies and EGF receptor mRNA investigations. HCG and EGF receptors were detected immunocytochemically in the tumor. The low dose EGF employed stimulated the tumor growth while the high dose EGF inhibited the tumor growth compared with that of the control group. The binding activity of EGF receptor and the expression of EGF receptor mRNA also changed in accordance with the stimulation or inhibition of tumor growth. The growth of hCG producing tumor by EGF administration appeared to be dependent upon the binding activity of EGF receptor and the expression of EGF receptor mRNA.
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PMID:Effect of EGF administration on EGF receptor mRNA in hCG producing tumor. 225 86

A 28-year-old man was admitted due to increasing respiratory symptoms. X-ray examination of the chest showed a tumor mass in the anterior mediastinum with possible invasion into the chest wall and upper lobe of right lung. No tumor was found in the testis. Serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) concentration was 6400 ng/ml. Serum levels of CEA and HCG were within normal limits. Percutaneous biopsy of the tumor strongly suggested yolk sac tumor with an evidence of AFP by an immunoenzyme labelling technique. The serum AFP rapidly decreased after two courses of combination chemotherapy. En bloc resection of the tumor was successfully performed and third chemotherapy was added. Mediastinal yolk sac tumors should be treated with combination chemotherapy and surgical resection.
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PMID:[A case of mediastinal yolk sac tumor successfully treated with chemotherapy and surgery]. 234 34

A case of a primary choriocarcinoma of the stomach is reported together with review of 44 cases in the Japanese literature. The patient, a 79-year-old male complaining of severe anemia, was admitted to hospital. As a result of a gastric endoscopy, a carcinoma was diagnosed and a laparotomy was performed. Because of an extensive metastasis, however, the surgery was limited to a palliative proximal gastrectomy. Pathologically, the tumor was a choriocarcinoma, and the HCG in the blood was slightly elevated. Immunohistologically, however, no HCG was detected. Although most cases reported in Japan support the theory of differentiations in gastric carcinomas, this choriocarcinoma suggests a separate type of differentiation in both the function and the morphology or a morphological mimicking.
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PMID:[A primary choriocarcinoma of the stomach with a review of 45 cases in Japan]. 238 Oct 47

Among anterior mediastinal tumors affecting male patients of around 20 years old, mediastinal malignant teratoid tumor must be considered as one of the possibilities. Malignant teratoid tumor can be classified as seminoma, non-seminoma or mixed, according to clinical behavior. In the non-seminoma group, AFP and/or HCG can be the specific markers in the diagnosis or assessment of the effect of treatment. Chemotherapy with CDDP must be the first choice of treatment in these types of tumor, just as chemotherapy is the first choice of therapy in the treatment of small cell lung cancer, and surgery must be the adjuvant treatment to chemotherapy. On the other hand, seminoma can be treated by surgery and radiation, which has been proven to yield a good prognosis. In cases of seminoma which produces HCG and/or AFP, chemotherapy with CDDP must be added to surgery and radiation as in non-seminomatous mediastinal teratoid tumors, because the production of such markers in seminoma is considered to be one of the poor prognostic factors in the treatment of seminomatous mediastinal teratoid tumors.
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PMID:[Diagnosis and treatment of mediastinal teratoid tumors]. 240 24

In order to study the nature and significance of various giant cells encountered in seminomatous tumors of the testis, we reviewed the morphology of 243 consecutive pure seminomas and 107 combined (mixed) tumors, as well as the long term clinical follow-up in 26 patients. Giant cells were grouped into histiocytic or neoplastic ones and the latter subtyped according to morphologic and immunocytochemical characteristics. Neoplastic giant cells were found in 34.6% of all pure seminomas and in 11.2% of all combined tumors, i.e. twice as often as histiocytic giant cells in either tumor group. The various types of neoplastic giant cells were found alone or in combinations with other types. Giant cells capable of elaborating B-HCG were seen in 19.3% of all pure seminomas and in 9.3% of seminomatous components of combined tumors. These incidences argue strongly against a trophoblastic element infiltrating a seminoma from a concomitant occult choriocarcinomatous focus. Large mononuclear giant cells, seen in spermatocytic seminomas, were observed in 15.6% of all pure seminomas, particularly in combination with B-HCG producing giant cells. Another type, characterized by marginated nuclei and eosinophilic cytoplasm were invariably part of a mononuclear cell population of similar features and encountered focally in 9.1% of all pure seminomas. Clinical follow-up, particularly in cases with B-HCG positive giant cells, revealed that treatment as for conventional seminomas at an early stage at least is followed by an excellent course.
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PMID:The significance of giant cells in human testicular seminomas. A clinico-pathological study. 241 41

Since there is no radiographic test that can definitely predict the histology of a pineal tumor, we believe all patients should be treated first with a surgical approach to the tumor. This usually is accomplished by the supracerebellar-suboccipital route. Hydrocephalus is best treated at the time of surgery with ventricular drainage. Sometimes, surgery can decompress the CSF obstruction, and the need for a shunt can be averted following surgery; if not, the ventricular drain is converted to a shunt several days later. If a pineal tumor is found to be benign and encapsulated, it is removed by surgery, and the patient requires no additional therapy. Meningiomas, cysts, and low grade cystic astrocytomas all fall into this category. Some germ cell tumors are well differentiated and can also be grossly excised, but one must exercise caution in assuming that the entire tumor is benign. Many seemingly well-differentiated teratomas contain admixtures, sometimes microscopic, of more malignant elements. Careful pathological evaluation of the operative specimen and analysis of biological markers (AFP and beta-HCG) can alert the clinician to the presence of malignant tumor. With germinomas, radiation therapy is initially effective, and chemotherapy has a proven role in treating recurrences. Spinal radiotherapy is withheld unless there is a strong suspicion of spinal seeding. Tumors of pineal cell origin are radiosensitive and should be treated with radiation therapy. Because these tumors are rare, there is little data to date to justify one particular form of chemotherapy over another for recurrent pineal cell malignancies. Likewise, whether chemotherapy is preferable to radiation therapy in the initial treatment of nongerminomatous germ cell malignancies is as yet unclear.
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PMID:Therapeutic modalities for pineal region tumors. 241 84

Four human embryonal carcinoma (EC) cell lines (ITO, NEC 8, NEC 14, NEC 15) derived independently from testicular germ-cell tumors were established in vitro. In their xenografted tumor tissues, all of them exhibited histological characteristics consistent with EC. The cell-biological characterization of these human EC cell lines was investigated with reference to well-known murine EC cell lines. This included examination of their morphology, growth, tumorigenic potential, karyotype, cell-aggregate formation, HLA expression, large glycopeptides, AFP and HCG production, plasminogen-activator secretion, and LDH profiles. Three (ITO, NEC 14, NEC 15) of these human EC cell lines shared cell-biological characteristics consistent with typical EC, but one of them (NEC 8) differed from the others with respect to its rapid growth, high tumorigenic potential, formation of solid cell aggregates, and less differentiated, solid histological pattern. Thus, it is suggested that there are several developmentally different types of human EC cells. The relationship between the properties of these human EC cell lines and their differentiation potential is discussed.
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PMID:Characterization of human embryonal carcinoma cell lines derived from testicular germ-cell tumors. 241 23


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