Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of human prealbumin fraction as allogeneic cell-mediated immunity in primary sensitization cultures of murine spleen cells was studied by 3H-thymidine uptake and specific 51Cr release assays. Prealbumin caused a dose-dependent augmentation of these responses. Human serum albumin, bovine serum albumin, and calf-thymosin fraction 5 had little effect. Prealbumin was active when added on day 0 or 1 but not thereafter. Prealbumin added to effector cells from immunized mice did not change their lytic activity. Prealbumin, but not human serum albumin or thymosin fraction 5, augmented secondary cell-mediated immunity in culture after primary immunization in mice. A slow growing mammary tumor line, which originated as a spontaneous mammary tumor in a DBA/2 HaDD breeder mouse, initially grows in 100% of DBA/2J mice but is then rejected in 10-20% of them. When prealbumin (59 microgram/day) was given subcutaneously for 2 weeks to DBA/2J mice and the tumor implanted 2 weeks later. 78% of the mice rejected the tumor and were then resistant to a rechallenge.
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PMID:Human prealbumin fraction: effects on cell-mediated immunity and tumor rejection. 706 Dec 25

Serum levels of proteins previously shown to be elevated [acute-phase proteins (APP)-haptoglobin, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, alpha 1-antitrypsin] or depressed (alpha 2 HS-glycoprotein, prealbumin, albumin) in cancer patients were correlated with tumor extent, in vitro lymphocyte reactivity (LR) to phytohemagglutinin (PHA), and quantitative delayed hypersensivity (DH) to dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) in 147 preoperative patients with operable solid malignancies either confined to the primary site or with regional spread only. Compared to 58 normal controls, levels of the APP were significantly elevated, alpha 2 HS-glycoprotein and prealbumin depressed, and albumin levels unchanged in patients with either local or regional tumors. In patients with normal DH to DNCB, the APP were higher and prealbumin was lower than in controls; in patients with impaired DH to DNCB, haptoglobin and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein were higher and alpha 2 HS-glycoprotein and prealbumin lower than in patients with normal DH to DNCB. Albumin levels did not differ from normals in any of the groups. Serum protein levels appeared to be more related to the immune status of the patient than to tumor extent. The levels of the three APP correlated directly with each other but inversely with alpha 2 HS-glycoprotein and prealbumin; levels of alpha 2 HS-glycoprotein and prealbumin correlated directly with each other. Levels of haptoglobin and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein correlated inversely with LR to PHA; however, levels of alpha 2 HS-glycoprotein correlated directly with LR to PHA, and uniquely the levels of alpha 2 HS-glycoprotein and LR to PHA both showed similar changes for each of the four quantitative levels of DH to DNCB measured in the cancer patients. The data show that the proteins studied, except for albumin, correlate inversely (APP) or directly (alpha 2 HS-glycoprotein and prealbumin) with in vitro and in vivo parameters of cellular immunity. The results provide a rationale for attempts to improve depressed cellular immunity by lowering circulating levels of APP, as is being attempted in ongoing trials using plasmapheresis, and assessing the effect of exogenous alpha 2 HS-glycoprotein or prealbumin in patients with low levels of these glycoproteins and depressed cellular immunity. The correlations between serum glycoprotein levels and in vitro and in vivo parameters of cellular immunity lend rationale to investigations of the interactions of serum glycoproteins and blood cells having immunologic function that determine the level of cellular immunity expressed in vivo.
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PMID:Serum glycoproteins in cancer patients: first report of correlations with in vitro and in vivo parameters of cellular immunity. 738 49

Albumin-like glycoprotein (Gp66) with a molecular mass of 66 kDa has been isolated from human fetal tissue by size-exclusion, ion-exchange chromatography and reverse-phase HPLC. Reactivity of Gp66 with antiserum raised against the major protein components fraction of human fetal serum was observed. The N-terminal 35 amino acid residues of Gp66 were identical to human serum albumin. Meanwhile Gp66 differed from albumin by a/ the presence of 3-5 Trp residues instead of 1 according to fluorescence and UV-spectra, b/ the glycosylation pattern: bi-, tri-, and tetraantennary sialooligosaccharides of a complex type were present. Isoelectric focusing revealed 4 isoforms (pI ranging within 4.8 to 5.1) of Gp66. Gp66 (but not asialo-Gp66) was able to inhibit the cytotoxic effect of TNF against the tumor cell line L929. Inhibition of WEHI-3 and L929 tumor cells proliferation by Gp66 was similar to that of albumin.
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PMID:Albumin-like glycoprotein from human fetal tissue. 752 4

We attempted to detect circulating hepatocellular carcinoma by demonstrating hepatocyte-associated mRNA in the nuclear cell component of peripheral blood using nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction because of the extremely small number of tumor cells in the circulation. Albumin mRNA was demonstrated not only in the liver tissue (hepatocytes) and HepG2 cells but also in nuclear cells of the blood from normal healthy volunteers (neutrophils and lymphocytes) by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. In contrast, alpha-fetoprotein mRNA was demonstrated in the liver tissue, as well as in HepG2 cells, but not in peripheral blood of normal healthy volunteers, indicating the possibility of using alpha-fetoprotein mRNA for detection of benign and malignant hepatocytes among the population of neutrophils and lymphocytes. alpha-Fetoprotein mRNA in peripheral blood was detected in 17 of 33 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (52%), 2 of 13 cases of cirrhosis (15%) and 2 of 17 cases of chronic hepatitis (12%). alpha-Fetoprotein mRNA was not demonstrated in 26 cases of normal healthy volunteers (0%). Among the patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, total volume of tumor tissue, maximum size of tumor and serum alpha-fetoprotein level were markedly increased in the patients with alpha-fetoprotein mRNA in blood. In addition, alpha-fetoprotein mRNA was detected in the blood of all 6 patients showing metastasis at extrahepatic organs (100%), in contrast to 11 of 27 cases without metastasis (41%). From these results, we conclude that the presence of alpha-fetoprotein mRNA in peripheral blood may be an indicator of circulating malignant or benign hepatocytes, which might predict hematogenous spreading metastasis of tumor cells in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.
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PMID:Detection of alpha-fetoprotein mRNA, an indicator of hematogenous spreading hepatocellular carcinoma, in the circulation: a possible predictor of metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma. 752 2

Experimental studies demonstrate that angiotensin II and somatostatin analogues have some ability to redirect hepatic arterial blood flow toward liver metastases. Albumin microspheres and liposomes are both effective to animal models in enhancing intra-arterial drug delivery to tumor tissue. Clinical studies show that such strategies can also improve drug targeting in humans. Clinical trials of intrahepatic arterial chemotherapy demonstrate definite response and survival benefits, but toxicity can be considerable, and progression of extrahepatic disease remains an unsolved problem. Selective means of delivering radiation, biologic therapy, and thermal energy to liver metastases are possible alternative nonsurgical treatments that merit further investigation.
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PMID:Nonsurgical treatment of liver metastases. 758 53

A large percentage of patients with advanced-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have a recurrence of tumor in the liver or lung after primary resection and even after orthotopic liver transplantation. One reason for this may be the presence of small numbers of tumor cells circulating in the blood before surgery or the liberation of tumor cells into circulation during surgical manipulation. We tested this hypothesis by measuring messenger RNA (mRNA) for human albumin gene as a liver cell marker with the highly sensitive reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique. Albumin mRNA was not found in peripheral blood from normal humans (0 of 6), from patients with liver cirrhosis (0 of 10), from other tumors metastatic to liver (0 of 10), or during liver transplant surgery for cirrhosis (0 of 10). In patients with advanced-stage HCC (TNM stages III and IV), albumin mRNA was detected (16 of 17) in peripheral blood. After liver transplantation in the HCC patients, the level of mRNA decreased below the detectable limit (0 of 9). Three of these patients again had detectable mRNA levels when they had recurrence of HCC after liver transplantation. Patients with stage I HCC did not have detectable expression. These results suggest that circulating tumor cells are present in patients with advanced-stage HCC, which may be one of the reasons why these patients have a high incidence of tumor recurrence after apparently definitive surgical resection and even after liver transplantation.
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PMID:Detection of liver cells in peripheral blood of patients with advanced-stage hepatocellular carcinoma. 784 13

In the experiment we attempted to use albumin microspheres as carriers of cytostatics to acquire a higher drug concentration in the tumor for a longer time. It was expected that the efficiency of a treatment with a microsphere-entrapped epirubicin would be better than a treatment with microsphere-free drug. Albumin microspheres containing epirubicin were prepared by ultrasonic homogenization in oil and heat denaturation. In vitro experiments and the test for biological activity on human breast carcinoma cells implanted into Nu/Nu mice were carried out. Growth of tumors in the group of mice treated with microsphere-entrapped epirubicin was inhibited more effectively in comparison with growth of tumors in the group treated with microsphere-free drug. These results suggest that the change of the drug form can enhance antitumor effect of epirubicin and that albumin microspheres are suitable drug carriers.
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PMID:Application of epirubicin containing albumin microspheres in the experimental therapy of breast cancer. 793 92

The phenomena of the high affinity of porphyrins to the human serum proteins, albumin, high-density lipoproteins (HDL) and low-density lipoproteins (LDL) is well established. Yet, evaluation of the activities of these proteins as endogenous porphyrin carriers, especially with respect to receptor-mediated porphyrin uptake into tumor cells, the merits of which are still in dispute, requires more quantitative protein-porphyrin binding data. As a continuation of previous studies on this issue, the binding of several porphyrin systems to each of the three proteins, employing previously developed spectral methodologies, was studied. The specific systems reported here are hematoporphyrin ester (HPE), which is a novel hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD)-like system, two porphyrin trimers (denoted O1 and O2) and a porphyrin dimer (denoted O3) isolated from HPE. Human serum albumin (HSA) was found to have a single high-affinity site for the monomeric components of HPE, with an equilibrium binding constant of 3.6 x 10(6). The equilibrium parameters determined for the binding of the three HPE-isolated oligomers to each of the serum proteins are: (1) Binding constants (Kb') of 2.3 x 10(6), 6.9 x 10(4) and 1.5 x 10(4) and number of sites per protein molecule (n) of 3, 1 and 5, for the binding of O1, O2 and O3, respectively, to HSA. (2) Kb' values of 15.5 x 10(3), 15.3 x 10(3) and 6.6 x 10(3) and n values of 1, 2 and 2, for the binding of O1, O2 and O3, respectively, to HDL.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Thermodynamics of the binding of hematoporphyrin ester, a hematoporphyrin derivative-like photosensitizer, and its components to human serum albumin, human high-density lipoprotein and human low-density lipoprotein. 828 16

Guaiac tests for faecal occult blood are used for colorectal neoplasia screening. Specificity may be improved by using an immunochemical test for human blood. We evaluated and compared, within an endoscopic study, an immunochemical test for human stool albumin, BM-Test Colon Albumin, with the guaiac test, Hemoccult SENSA. Both tests were given to 527 screenees who had had a low-peroxidase diet before and during the tests. All had a colonoscopic (59%) or flexible sigmoidoscopic (41%) examination. Both tests were easy to perform and develop. They were of similar sensitivity (35-30%) for adenomas > or = 1.0 cm in diameter or cancers, but Colon Albumin had a higher specificity (90%) than Hemoccult (85%; P < 0.05). The latter, however, had a higher sensitivity for neoplasia of all sizes (25% vs 20%; NS) but lower specificity (85% vs 90%; P < 0.05). Colon Albumin was positive in 11.2%, while Hemoccult SENSA was positive in 16.7% and appears very sensitive to dietary peroxidases. Positivity was reduced to 7% by changing the methodology protocol. Overall, the guaiac test is more sensitive but less specific than the immunochemical test for colorectal neoplasia. However, the technical and diagnostic limitations of these tests must be appreciated, and because of their high positivity rate neither is suitable for mass screening. A more specific test for neoplasia is needed.
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PMID:Evaluation and comparison of an immunochemical and a guaiac faecal occult blood screening test for colorectal neoplasia. 858 Jul 83

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common type of cancer, with approximately 260,000 new cases each year, and liver cirrhosis is generally considered a major predisposing factor for HCC. However, specific changes of gene expression in liver cirrhosis and HCC remain obscure. The expression of genes for hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), its receptor c-met proto-oncogene, c-myc proto-oncogene, and albumin was analyzed. Gene expression was studied by PCR in seven normal human livers, nine cases of hepatitis C cirrhosis, 12 cases of alcoholic cirrhosis, two cases of liver adenoma, and 12 cases of HCC. HGF and c-met protein were revealed by immunofluorescent staining. HGF mRNA was not expressed in normal livers but was detected in adenomas, in 80% of HCC, and in some cirrhoses. Paraffin-embedded and fresh-frozen tissue samples yielded similar results. Immunohistochemical data correlated with PCR results regarding the overexpression of the HGF/c-met system in HCC. Albumin gene expression was decreased in HCC vs normal livers, consistent with altered function of tumor hepatocytes. The elevated expression of the HGF/c-met system in HCC may play a role in tumor development and/or progression. Tissue localization studies of HGF and its receptor c-met protein support the existence of both autocrine and paracrine mechanisms of action of HGF in HCC vs only a paracrine mechanism in normal liver.
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PMID:Expression of HGF, its receptor c-met, c-myc, and albumin in cirrhotic and neoplastic human liver tissue. 901 Apr 72


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