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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In view of the uncertainty of location and significance of immunoglobulin in tumors found by elution or rosette formation (as reported in the literature), the presence of IgG, IgM, and IgA in human carcinoma of the lung was studied by means of the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. Surgically obtained specimens from patients with known survival times were used in this study. Membranous as well as cytoplasmic location of IgG was demonstrated more frequently than was that of IgA or IgM. The number of tumor cells carrying immunoglobulin varied greatly, even within a given case. Albumin could be demonstrated in tumor cells in 10 of 20 specimens, but there was poor correlation with immunoglobuin. In some instances, only the necrotic part of the tumor or the stroma was immunoreactive. The results are discussed and suggest that Fc receptors are not involved in the binding of immunoglobin by pulmonary carcinoma cells.
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PMID:Tumor-associated immunoglobulins in pulmonary carcinoma. 20 Mar 49

The use of the first of a new class of chelating agents for the binding of metal ions to macromolecules as a novel approach to radiopharmaceutical labeling is described. Advantages are mild reaction conditions, large variety of accessible radionuclides and reactive groups, and separation of synthetic organic chemistry from radiochemistry. Human serum albumin and bovine fibrinogen labeled with 111Indium using this technique were relatively stable in vitro and in vivo, showed little alteration in function, and have potential as tumor localizing agents in humans.
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PMID:Bifunctional chelates for radio-pharmaceutical labeling. 81 37

Estradiol 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (E2DH) is the enzyme responsible for the interconversion of estrone (E1), and the more biologically potent steroid, estradiol (E2), and has a crucial role in regulating breast tissue concentrations of E2. It has previously been shown that breast tumor cytosol is able to preferentially stimulate the reductive conversion of E1 to E2 in cultured MCF-7 breast cancer cells. In this study the stimulatory factor(s) from breast tumor cytosol have been partially purified by gel filtration and affinity chromatography. Human serum albumin (HSA) has been identified as a component of this bioactive fraction. Subsequent testing of commercially purified HSA preparations has revealed the ability of some preparations to be highly stimulatory. The albumin present in breast tumor cytosol may therefore be a contributing factor to the observed stimulation of reductive E2DH activity in cultured MCF-7 cells. Such a mechanism may account in part for the higher concentrations of E2 which are observed in breast tumors in vivo.
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PMID:Identification of albumin in breast tumor cytosol as a factor involved in the stimulation of estradiol 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (reductive) activity. 155 73

Chemically induced tumors of inbred mice elicit immunity in animals in which the tumors are induced and in other animals of the same inbred stock. The immunity is specific for each tumor: even two tumors induced in one animal with the same carcinogen are not cross-reactive. Immunity to cancer has since been observed in the case of sarcomas and carcinomas induced by a number of chemical and physical carcinogens and in several species, including mice, rats, and guinea pigs. The nature of molecules which mediate immunity to tumors is a central question in cancer immunology. A small number of such molecules have been biochemically defined. Of these, some are viral antigens expressed in tumor cells, while the relationship of some others to viral antigens is unclear. A surprising majority of nonviral tumor antigens have turned out to bear homology with stress-induced proteins. Four families of such molecules are discussed: the gp96 (hsp100) and p84/86 (hsp90) antigens of chemically induced mouse sarcomas, hsp70 antigens of tumors obtained by transfection of normal rat fetal fibroblasts with an H-ras oncogene, and the albuminoid antigens of murine melanomas and a rat histiocytoma. (Albumin-like antigens are included among the stress-induced proteins because albumin, though constitutively expressed in adult tissues, is heat shock inducible in fetal liver.) Each of these antigens is a moderately abundant protein, present not only in tumors but also in normal tissues. Administration of each of these antigen preparations from the tumor, but not from normal tissue, renders the animal immune to challenge with live cells of the tumor from which the antigens are prepared. And yet, no structural differences in the antigens have been observed between normal tissues and tumors. It is suggested that these stress-induced proteins may not be tumor antigens per se, but may be carriers of immunogenic moieties such as short peptides. The stress-induced proteins may therefore serve either as antigen-presenting molecules like the MHC-encoded molecules or as accessory molecules in the presentation of antigens by MHC molecules. The ability of stress-induced proteins to bind to a variety of molecules, including peptides, is consistent with this possibility.
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PMID:Stress-induced proteins in immune response to cancer. 171 33

Albumin content has been reported to be significantly different in cytosols from benign and malignant breast tumors, with a higher level in benign lesions. Low albumin content is suggested to be associated with a higher tendency to axillary nodal involvement in breast cancer patients. Albumin contributes greatly to the total amount of protein in tumor cytosol, and is easily measured. Albumin was measured in cytosols from 382 patients with breast cancer stage I and II, to evaluate correlations to other tumor variables and to investigate whether it may add information as a prognostic factor. The albumin content was expressed in percentages of total cytosol protein, with a median value of 18.5% for the study population. It was found to be significantly inversely correlated to estrogen receptor (ER) content. Cytosol protein content was inversely correlated to albumin. In addition to tumor size and axillary nodal involvement, albumin content was found to be an independent prognostic factor for relapse-free survival in an analysis of different prognostic variables in patients not given adjuvant endocrine treatment. Low albumin content (less than median) seems to predict effect of adjuvant tamoxifen treatment.
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PMID:Cytosol albumin content in operable breast cancer. Correlations to steroid hormone receptors, other prognostic factors and prognosis. 176 69

Hepatic albumin synthesis, serum albumin turnover, and hepatic albumin messenger RNA (mRNA) content were evaluated in mice bearing a transplantable low differentiated tumor (MCG 101). Results obtained on tumor-bearing mice were compared with results obtained from non-tumor-bearing animals that were either freely fed, food restricted so that their body composition was similar to tumor-bearing animals (pair-weighed), fed a protein-free diet for 5 days, or fasted for 48 hours. Tumor-bearing animals became hypoalbuminemic (33 +/- 5 vs. 44 +/- 3 g/L in freely fed mice), which could be explained by both depressed albumin synthesis (1.95% +/- 0.20% vs. 2.67% +/- 0.27%/h in freely fed mice) and increased albumin degradation. Pair-weighed and protein-calorie malnourished controls had reductions in albumin synthesis (1.81% +/- 0.18% and 1.67% +/- 0.17%/h, respectively) similar to tumor-bearing animals, and the starved controls had the lowest synthetic rates (1.07% +/- 0.10%/h). Albumin degradation was increased only in tumor-bearing animals. Hepatic albumin mRNA in undernourished animals was less (tumor bearing, 32% +/- 5%; pair weighed, 47% +/- 4%; 48 hours fasted, 18% +/- 2%; and protein-calorie malnourished, 26% +/- 3%) than 50% of the mRNA content in the livers of freely fed control mice. Messenger RNA-directed synthesis of albumin in vitro was also depressed to a variable degree in tumor-bearing and malnourished non-tumor-bearing controls. The hypoalbuminemia in tumor-bearing animals could not be prevented by daily injections of a prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor (indomethacin, 1 microgram/g body wt), but the hepatic acute phase protein serum amyloid P decreased from 157 +/- 12 to 103 +/- 9 micrograms/mL in indomethacin-treated tumor-bearing mice (P less than 0.01). It is concluded that increased albumin degradation seen in tumor-bearing animals cannot be explained by associated malnutrition, whereas tumor-associated malnutrition can explain to a large extent the depressed albumin synthesis. Decreased albumin synthesis in tumor-bearing animals correlated in part with a decreased quantity of liver albumin mRNA. The results of the current study are consistent with either a reduced transcription of the albumin gene or a change in albumin mRNA processing and stability communicated by anorexia and malnutrition.
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PMID:Pretranslational regulation of albumin synthesis in tumor-bearing mice. The role of anorexia and undernutrition. 190 Apr 92

Clinical data of 65 patients with myeloma were analyzed to identify factors associated with hypoalbuminemia. The serum albumin level was not affected by patient age and gender, type of myeloma, and the occurrence of Bence Jones protein, lytic bone lesions, or hypercalcemia, and it was not related to changes in body weight or in liver and renal function. The albumin level, lower in patients with proteinuria, was unrelated to severity of proteinuria. Albumin level correlated significantly with the monoclonal IgG levels, hemoglobin concentration, clinical stage of disease, and estimated body tumor burden. Further analysis indicated the disease stage or the tumor burden as the dominant factor in determining albumin level. An albumin level of 29.0 g/L or less identified unequivocally advanced disease. Practically all patients with stage III myeloma had a serum albumin level of 37.0 g/L or less. Thus, hypoalbuminemia is primarily related to the extent of myeloma proliferation and is therefore of diagnostic and prognostic importance.
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PMID:Hypoalbuminemia in patients with multiple myeloma. 200 Nov 48

This study has evaluated whether increased albumin degradation in a tumor-bearing host is dependent on previously recognized chemical and environmental modifications in the albumin molecule as observed by others and ourselves. For the purpose, adult sarcoma-bearing mice with increased albumin degradation and electrophoretic heterogeneity were used and compared to freely fed (FF) or food restricted control animals. Food restricted control animals such as pair-fed (PF) and pair-weighed (PW) served to match the anorexia and malnutrition observed in tumor-bearing animals. The serum albumin concentration was decreased (P less than 0.05) in tumor-bearing animals (33 +/- 5 g/liter) compared to pair-fed (40 +/- 3), pair-weighed (41 +/- 4), and freely fed control mice (43 +/- 3). Isoelectric focusing of plasma between pH 3 and 10 and pH 4 and 6.5 confirmed a different isoelectric point for albumin in tumor-bearing animals compared to control animals. Albumin degradation was 33% higher in tumor-bearing mice compared to freely fed controls (P less than 0.01). Tumor-bearing animals had also significantly increased turnover of albumin compared to all control animals (0.13 +/- 0.022 mg/hr/g animal vs 0.05 +/- 0.008 mg/hr/g in PW; 0.08 +/- 0.009 in PF, and 0.09 +/- 0.007 in FF). The acidic fraction of albumin had a more rapid fractional turnover than the more basic components in both tumor-bearing and control animals. However, both the anodal and the cathodal albumin in tumor-bearing mice had a higher turnover compared with corresponding fractions of albumin from control animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Increased degradation of albumin in cancer is not due to conformational or chemical modifications in the albumin molecule. 235 90

Primary Rhodamine fibrosarcoma (RdF) cells from rats were shown to grow in serum-free medium supplemented with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), albumin, and transferrin, all of which were purified from RdF tissue. Their growth rate with these supplements was similar to that of cells in medium supplemented with calf serum. bFGF purified from RdF tissue (Rd-bFGF), which was previously designated as DNA synthesis factor, stimulated the growth of primary RdF cells maximally at 30 ng/ml in the presence of the other two proteins. Albumin and transferrin were separated from partially purified tumor growth stimulating activity which was previously shown to stimulate growth of primary RdF cells in serum-free medium. The albumin (RdA) and transferrin (RdT) found in the extract of RdF tissue were not due simply to contamination of the tissue with blood, but to their accumulations in the tissue. The growth stimulatory activities of RdA and RdT on primary RdF cells in serum-free medium were maximal at 30 and 10 micrograms/ml, respectively. These results suggest that Rd-bFGF, RdA, and RdT, all of which accumulate in the tumor tissue, are essential for growth of RdF cells in the tissue.
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PMID:Basic fibroblast growth factor, albumin, and transferrin purified from rat rhodamine fibrosarcoma tissue are all essential for growth of primary tumor cells from the same tissue in serum-free medium. 280 20

Recent evidence suggests that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 can accumulate in certain presumed non-target tissues, although the mechanism of action of the vitamin in such cells is not understood. Exposure of 77-1/3a mouse hepatic tumor cells, which derived from a non-target tissue of vitamin D action, to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in chemically-defined serum-free medium resulted in a dose-dependent decline in cellular growth rate and maximal culture population density but did not adversely affect cell viability. Culture of 77-1/3a cells in defined medium containing 10(-7) or 10(-6) M 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 for 150 hr reduced the growth rate to 64 and 50% of control values respectively. Albumin secretion was unaffected by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 exposure; in contrast, the cellular content of the proliferation-associated protein p35 was reduced by 39%, a decline similar in trend and degree to that observed in other tumor cells exposed to differentiation-inducing agents. It appears that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 regulates cellular p35 content (within a specific restricted range) as a consequence of proliferative perturbation, rather than differentiated status, of cultured hepatic tumor cells.
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PMID:1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3-induced growth restriction of cultured epithelial cells derived from a murine hepatic tumor. 291 7


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