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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A new histochemical technique is described that permits differentiation of resident from recruited macrophages by staining of paraffin sections of tissues from rats and mice. Resident macrophages are identified by their ability to phagocytose and retain intravenously injected colloidal Prussian blue. New macrophages that emigrate into tissue are identified by phagocytosis of a second colloid, iron dextran. Paraffin sections of formalin-fixed tissues are sequentially stained for the presence of the two colloids with different chromogens, the endogenous pseudo-peroxidase activity of colloidal Prussian blue used to catalyze the polymerization of diaminobenzidine and after conversion of iron dextran to Prussian blue, the second colloid used to catalyze the polymerization of tetramethylbenzidine. The staining results in resident macrophages staining brown while newly recruited macrophages stain blue. The studies have shown that colloidal Prussian blue is stable in vivo and neither loses its catalytic activity nor undergoes extensive redistribution. They also show that the technique can be used to measure Kupffer cell recruitment stimulated by complete Freund's adjuvant in rats and tumor-associated macrophage recruitment in subcutaneous and spontaneous liver metastases in mice.
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PMID:Sequential histochemical staining for resident and recruited macrophages. 241 47

Paraffin sections of formalin-fixed tumor samples from 26 patients with neuroendocrine (Merkel cell) carcinoma of the skin (NECS) were studied immunohistochemically with three monoclonal antibodies to low molecular weight keratin (MAB-K) and with antibodies to leukocyte common antigen (LCA), neurofilament (NF), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), S100 protein (S100), and chromogranin (CGN), to investigate the relative diagnostic value of these antibodies. Samples from 20 lymphomas, 10 non-oat cell undifferentiated carcinomas, 10 oat cell carcinomas, and 10 melanomas served as controls. Keratin was found in 25 of the 26 NECS and in all undifferentiated and oat cell carcinomas. A ball-like immunostaining for keratins, resembling an inclusion body was seen only in cases of NECS and some carcinoids. Neurofilament, NSE, and CGN were expressed by fewer NECS than was keratin and all NECS were negative for LCA and S100. None of the lymphomas and melanomas contained detectable keratin, NF, NSE, or CGN. Only the lymphomas stained with LCA. Only the melanomas were S100-positive. It is concluded that keratin is the most useful single discriminating marker in the separation of neuroendocrine (Merkel cell) carcinoma of the skin from lymphoma, melanoma and, when the characteristic inclusion-like pattern is seen, from metastatic oat cell carcinoma.
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PMID:The use of antikeratin antibodies in the immunohistochemical distinction between neuroendocrine (Merkel cell) carcinoma of the skin, lymphoma, and oat cell carcinoma. 242 28

Paraffin-embedded sections of 99 human adrenal and extraadrenal paragangliomas were analyzed by the indirect immunoperoxidase technique for the presence of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and 10 neuropeptides. Each showed diffuse staining for NSE. Most tumors were positive for [Leu5]-enkephalin (76 per cent), [Met5]-enkephalin (75 per cent), somatostatin (67 per cent), and pancreatic polypeptide (51 per cent), followed by vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) (43 per cent), substance P (31 per cent), ACTH (28 per cent), calcitonin (23 per cent), bombesin (15 per cent), and neurotensin (12 per cent). The neuropeptides paralleled to a large extent those normally found in the sympathetic nervous system. Clinically malignant paragangliomas (n = 25) with proven regional or distant metastases expressed considerably fewer neuropeptides, although the spectrum of those seen remained similar. Malignant paragangliomas contained an average of two neuropeptides per tumor, in contrast to five for the benign tumors (P less than 0.05). Logistic regression analysis of staining results revealed that the paucity of enkephalins, somatostatin, pancreatic polypeptide, and VIP along with the patient's sex was predictive of clinical malignancy. Our results show a definite relationship between expression of neuropeptides and the biologic behavior of these paragangliomas.
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PMID:Decreased expression of neuropeptides in malignant paragangliomas: an immunohistochemical study. 244 10

Paraffin-embedded archival tissue samples were used for nuclear deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) content study by flow cytometry on 56 surgically resected, primary, small-intestinal carcinoid tumors. Sample preparation was carried out using the methods of Hedley and Vindelov. To reduce nuclear aggregation, a procedure of sonication was also performed. Nineteen (34%) cases were DNA diploid, 34 (61%) cases showed significantly increased 4C peak (DNA tetraploid), and only three (5%) cases were DNA aneuploid. Cell cycle phase analysis revealed that carcinoid tumors had significantly higher G2% than those of nontumor control tumors. However, there was no significant correlation between clinical parameters and both DNA ploidy pattern and cell cycle phase analysis. Although the difference in survival between patients with DNA nondiploid tumors and DNA diploid tumors was not significant, all of the patients with DNA aneuploid tumor had poor prognosis followed by death from carcinoid tumor.
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PMID:The relationship of flow cytometric DNA analysis and clinicopathology in small-intestinal carcinoids. 246 45

Paraffin-embedded materials from 104 patients with breast cancer were assayed for the expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and androgen receptor (AR) with avidin-biotin complex method. A significant positive correlation was found between SR status and cell differentiation or lymph node status. Tumors with elastosis tend to contain ER, PR and AR more frequently. Patients with positive ER, PR or AR tumors were 1.2 to 2.6 times more likely to survive than those with negative ones. The five-year survival rate increased with the increase of number and amount of positive SR. These results indicate that ER, PR and AR detected by ABC method may be used as biomarkers for tumor differentiation and have prognostic values in breast cancer.
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PMID:[Correlation of steroid hormone receptors (SR) with clinical and pathological features of human breast cancer]. 256 32

Paraffin sections of 110 histologically proven malignant melanomas were incubated with a polyclonal antibody against S-100-protein. The avidin-biotin-peroxidase technique was used. A positive reaction was found in 109 cases. The staining pattern was inhomogeneous, suggesting heterogeneity within the tumor. The tumor thickness was measured in HE sections and corresponding sections that had been incubated with an antibody against S-100 protein. The results were as follows: 48.5% of the melanomas incubated with anti-S-100 protein showed a greater tumor thickness than the HE sections. The deviation between the two criteria was 15%. Four cases with the histological diagnosis of "melanoma in situ" showed S-100-positive cells within the subepidermal inflammatory infiltrate. Incubating sections of malignant melanoma with anti-S-100-protein facilitates the recognition of neoplastic cells within the inflammatory infiltrate.
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PMID:[Demonstration of S 100 protein in malignant melanoma of the skin. Pattern of distribution and significance for determination of tumor thickness]. 266 1

This study analyzed the feasibility of, and the strategy for, DNA ploidy analysis of cervical condyloma and intraepithelial neoplasia by a computerized digital imaging system. Paraffin-embedded tissue provided satisfactory single-cell preparations for DNA ploidy analysis after enzyme digestion and additional procedures. Negative endocervical curettings and normal squamous mucosa were used as internal diploid controls. With suitable controls, 21 (81%) of the 26 aneuploid lesions were identified as such in the single-cell preparations. The remaining five lesions (not recognized as aneuploid in the single-cell preparations) had ploidy levels between 2.08n and 2.30n and required DNA measurements on 12-microns sections. Criteria for these DNA measurements were defined: specimens intended for DNA ploidy analysis should contain abnormal epithelium of at least 3 mm to 4 mm in greatest dimension and should be accompanied by diploid controls, such as endocervical curettings or normal ectocervical squamous mucosa. With a combination of single-cell preparations and 12-microns tissue sections, it was possible to accurately determine the DNA ploidy patterns of the cervical lesion specimens obtained by punch biopsies. Available evidence suggests that ploidy analysis can provide useful diagnostic and prognostic information.
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PMID:DNA ploidy analysis of cervical condyloma and intraepithelial neoplasia in specimens obtained by punch biopsy. 274 14

Cell kinetics of 91 human brain tumors obtained from 88 patients were analyzed with the following two methods, 1) bivariate (two-color) flow cytometric measurement of cellular DNA content and amount of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporated into cellular DNA, in 66 specimens, 2) immunohistochemical detection of BrdU incorporated S-phase cells, in 34 specimens. Patients were given an intravenous 1 hour infusion of 200 mg/sq. m. of BrdU 1-2 hours before the surgical removal. The excised tumor specimen was divided into several portions. One was fixed with 70% ethanol and embedded in paraffin, and another was digested mechanically and/or chemically to obtain a single cell suspension, and fixed in 70% ethanol. Paraffin-embedded tissue sections were stained by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunohistochemical method using anti-BrdU monoclonal antibody (MoAb). Single cell suspensions were reacted with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) conjugated anti-BrdU MoAb, or anti-BrdU MoAb and FITC-conjugated second antibody successively by the staining with propidium iodide, for flow cytometry (FCM). Rates of S-phase fraction in single cell suspensions calculated by bivariate FCM were correlated well with labeling indexes (LI, i.e. the percentage of BrdU incorporated cells) calculated in tissue sections, but not with the result of analysis of DNA histogram by Dean's method. This discrepancy is probably due to large coefficient value in several samples. Histological malignancy of the tumors was reflected both in the proliferating index (PI, i.e. % S+G2M phase) calculated by bivariate FCM and the LI by immunohistochemical method. PI tended to be high in primitive neuroectodermal tumors and metastatic carcinomas, moderately high in gliomas, and low in benign tumor groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Cell kinetic analysis of human brain tumors by bivariate flow cytometric measurement of cellular DNA content and amount of incorporated bromodeoxyuridine]. 276 1

Patterns of basement membrane deposition were investigated in benign and malignant naevo-melanocytic lesions using antibodies to type IV collagen and laminin. Paraffin sections required pretreatment with 6 M guanidine-HCl in addition to pepsin pretreatment. Basement membrane deposition was found around clusters as well as individual naevo-melanocytic cells in contact with dermal stroma. However, between keratinocytes and intra-epidermally located naevo-melanocytic cells, basement membrane immunostaining could not be detected. Tumour cell-stromal interaction is apparently a prerequisite for basement membrane deposition in naevo-melanocytic lesions. Basement membrane discontinuities, in the absence of inflammatory infiltrate, appeared, in doubtful cases, to be evidence in favour of malignant melanoma. The general pattern of basement membrane deposition in benign and malignant lesions was found to be similar and therefore of no help in differential diagnosis. Identification of hyaline bodies, which show immunoreactivity with antibodies to basement membrane components, may be helpful in distinguishing between Spitz naevi and malignant melanomas. Detection of vascular invasion, a prognostic indicator in malignant melanoma, is facilitated by basement membrane immunostaining.
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PMID:Basement membrane deposition in benign and malignant naevo-melanocytic lesions: an immunohistochemical study with antibodies to type IV collagen and laminin. 277 16

Paraffin blocks from 17 granulosa tumors, nonmetastatic (n = 10) and metastatic (n = 7), were analyzed by flow cytometry. Three neoplasms, one with and two without metastases, were found to have cells with an abnormal DNA (DNA aneuploid) content. The occurrence or absence of DNA aneuploid cells did not predict behavior. In addition, there was no correlation of tumor DNA content with tumor size or patient age at the time of surgery. There was no significant difference in cell proliferation (%S + %G2/M) between metastatic and nonmetastatic DNA diploid tumors, however, there was an increase in cell proliferation in tumors with a DNA aneuploid stemline. Granulosa tumors are low-grade neoplasms. At least 90% are seen in Stage I, and metastasis occurs subsequently in 5% to 15% of these cases. Features of Stage I neoplasms associated with subsequent metastasis in some reports, but not all, are involvement of the capsule (Stage IC), large size, and high mitotic rate, 1-5 Providing definitive statements about the behavior of granulosa tumors is hampered by their rarity, the subjectivity of the diagnosis, and their sluggish behavior. We attempted to determine if flow cytometric analysis of DNA could identify granulosa tumors with metastatic potential. We compared DNA histograms from ten Stage IA granulosa tumors that did not metastasize during 22 to 47 years of follow-up with seven granulosa tumors that showed malignant behavior.
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PMID:Flow cytometric analysis of granulosa tumors. 280 1


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