Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In this study we analysed DNA-ploidy as a potential prognostic parameter in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Paraffin embedded histological material, obtained by resection from 19 patients with a papillary thyroid carcinoma, was selected for analysis. Tumor areas within the paraffin-embedded material were identified by HE-stained reference sections. One 50 microns section was dewaxed, rehydrated and mechanically and enzymatically prepared to form a suspension of 10,000 cells/ml. 1 ml of the suspension, which contained bare nuclei with small rests of cytoplasma, was centrifuged on glass slides. The fixed nuclei were air-dried and stained by Feulgen SITS technique, which allows for the quantitative measurement of DNA. The DNA analysis was carried out with a computer-controlled single-cell cytophotometry. In contrast to using flow cytometry, only the tumor cells were measured by image-cytometry. Overlapping nuclei, dirt and other artifacts as well as inflammatory cells were efficiently eliminated. With DNA image-cytometry, we could differentiate between diploid (n = 13) and aneuploid (n = 6) tumors. Best prognosis with a survival rate of 92% after 103 months had patients with diploid tumors in contrast to patients with aneuploid tumors who did not survive more than 72 months.
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PMID:[Initial results of image cytometric DNA analysis in the evaluation of prognosis in papillary thyroid cancer]. 187 Mar 65

Cultured C6 glioma cells were prelabeled with the plant lectin Phaseolus vulgaris leuco-agglutinin (PHAL) and grafted as a cell suspension (10(6) cells in 5.0 microliters) into freshly made cortical implantation pockets in adult host rats. Animals were killed 1-21 days post-implantation (DPI). The brains were removed, dehydrated, embedded in paraffin and sectioned at 8 microns. Paraffin sections were processed for light level immunofluorescent double labeling for PHAL, a marker for graft derived cells, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a specific marker for C6 glioma cells and astrocytes. Cells positive for both PHAL and GFAP were graft-derived C6 cells. By 7 DPI a large mass developed which extended above the surface of the brain and invaded (displacement of host tissue by a cell mass) the host parenchyma. This mass increased in size over the next 14 days. The invading tumor mass contained double labeled cells at all time periods examined. In addition to the invasion process, grafted C6 cells spread through the host parenchyma by migration (movement of single cells). Individual graft-derived C6 (GFAP/PHAL positive) cells migrated into host cortex surrounding the implantation pocket, corpus callosum ventral to the implantation pocket, ipsilateral internal capsule and bilaterally in the habenula.
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PMID:Individual C6 glioma cells migrate in adult rat brain after neural homografting. 195 Jun 56

We studied c-erbB-2 and c-erbA-1 (ear-1) gene amplification, and c-erbB-2 protein expression in 123 primary Japanese breast cancers. c-erbB-2 amplification was found in 19 of the 123 tumors (15%), and c-erbA-1 was coamplified in 7 of the 19. The presence or absence of c-erbB-2 amplification correlated with the grade of cellular atypism (P = 0.008), or that of mitotic index (P = 0.002), but not with the histologic types. The tumor size (P = 0.04) and the lymph node status (P = 0.06) were associated, but the patients' age, the TNM stage, or the presence or absence of estrogen or progesterone receptors was not associated, with c-erbB-2 amplification. There were no differences in the histologic type, cellular atypism, mitotic index, and other disease parameters between tumors with c-erbB-2 amplification only and those with coamplification of c-erbB-2 and c-erbA-1. Paraffin sections from all 19 tumors with c-erbB-2 amplification, and those from only one of 104 tumors without the amplification were positively stained with polyclonal anti-c-erbB-2 protein antibody. Since the correlation between the amplification and the protein expression was excellent, such immunohistochemical studies may be substituted for the time-consuming DNA studies using Southern blotting.
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PMID:c-erbB-2 and c-erbA-1 (ear-1) gene amplification and c-erbB-2 protein expression in Japanese breast cancers: their relationship to the histology and other disease parameters. 197 18

We investigated the expression of c-erB-2 protein in two matched groups of breast cancer patients, one with and one without relapse. 37 patients with relapse were compared with 42 patients without recurrence for time of observation, adjuvant treatment, age, menopausal status and estrogen receptor content. Paraffin-embedded sections were stained with the polyclonal antibody 21N, raised against a synthetic peptide from the predicted sequence of the c-erbB-2 protein. The staining of c-erbB-2 was measured on a scale of 0 to 3+. C-erbB-2 staining was negative in 16 (38%) patients in the relapse-free group, and in 8 (22%) of the patients with metastases. Neither disease-free survival (DFS) nor overall survival (OS) were dependent upon the extent of c-erbB-2 expression. An analysis by estrogen receptor (ER) status (i.e. positive or negative) and by c-erbB-2 expression (i.e. positive or negative) revealed that patients with ER-positive primaries and negative c-erbB-2 have the longest disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). We conclude that c-erbB-2 expression might be clinically useful only if other prognostic variables (e.g. estrogen receptor content in the tumor) are also considered.
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PMID:c-erbB-2 protein expression in node negative breast cancer. 197 14

Paraffin-embedded surgical specimens from 69 patients who underwent resections of otherwise untreated Dukes stage C adenocarcinoma of the colon were examined for proliferative activity, DNA aneuploidy, DNA index, and proportion of aneuploid cells by flow cytometry. Results were correlated to clinical characteristics of the patients and to overall survival times. DNA aneuploid tumors were identified in 60 cases (87%), diploid tumors in 9 cases (13%). The mean S-phase fraction for all cases was 17.6%, with a standard deviation (SD) of 7.8. In univariate statistical analysis, younger patient age, lower tumor proliferative activity, DNA index less than or equal to 1.2, and presence of only 1-4 lymph nodes with tumor involvement were found to be significant predictors of improved patient survival. In multivariate Cox regression analysis, low tumor proliferative activity, younger patient age, and location of the tumor in the right or transverse colon were found to be significant independent predictors of increased patient survival. When tumor proliferative activity was stratified into statistically defined subgroups, patients with tumors of low proliferative activity (S-phase less than mean - 0.5 SD) had significantly longer survival than patients with tumors of moderate proliferative activity (S-phase value greater than mean - 0.5 SD and less than mean +0.5 SD) or high proliferative activity (S-phase greater than mean +0.5 SD). These results suggest that tumor proliferative activity in Dukes C colon carcinoma may be an important biological factor in determining patient prognosis.
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PMID:Prognostic implications of proliferative activity and DNA aneuploidy in Astler-Coller Dukes stage C colonic adenocarcinomas. 201 2

Paraffin-embedded archival specimens from 45 cases of ovarian carcinoma of low malignant potential (OCLMP) were analyzed by flow cytometry (FCM) using propidium iodide (PI) staining. Since single-parameter FCM analysis is often deficient in the resolution of subtle near-diploid DNA-aneuploid populations, forward-angle light scatter (FALS) was measured as a second parameter. DNA aneuploidy was identified in 15 cases (33%). In 7 of those 15 cases, aneuploidy was resolved with single-parameter FCM; in the remaining 8 cases, DNA aneuploidy was resolved only following dual-parameter analysis coupling DNA content and FALS. In all 15 cases, a single near-diploid aneuploid population was observed (mean DNA index = 1.2); there were no tetraploid aneuploid cases. The proliferative activity for all 45 cases studied ranged from 1.0% to 8.9%, with a mean of 3.5%. No difference in mean proliferative activity was observed between the aneuploid and diploid tumors (P greater than .05). To exclude the possibility that PI staining artifacts caused the observed aneuploidy, five of the eight cases shown to be aneuploid by dual-parameter analysis were further studied using an alternate DNA-binding dye, DAPI, yielding similar results. To exclude the possibility that contaminating stromal and/or inflammatory cells caused the observed aneuploidy, samples from a subset of the dual-parameter cases were sorted, revealing the aneuploid populations to be composed primarily of tumor nuclei.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Dual-parameter flow cytometric analysis coupling the measurements of forward-angle light scatter and DNA content of archival ovarian carcinomas of low malignant potential. 202 73

The cytoskeleton is considered to be important for maintaining cell shape and facilitating cell movement. In the present study, the expression of cytoskeletal components is examined in benign and malignant melanocytic skin tumors. Paraffin sections of 75 cases (25 each of nevocellular nevus, primary malignant melanoma, and cutaneous metastases of malignant melanoma) were stained with antibodies to tubulin, myosin, actin, and vimentin using a three-step immunoperoxidase method. The staining results were assessed independently for tumor cells and stroma cells in comparison to inbuilt reference structures. Vimentin is found in all melanocytic lesions in the tumor as well as in the stroma cells. In malignant lesions, the tumor cell staining intensity varies between neighboring regions; particularly in malignant melanoma the staining is pronounced in the tumor periphery (chi 2 test: p less than 0.05). Actin is only weakly positive in nevus cells and primary melanoma tumor cells, but strongly expressed in metastatic tumor cells (p less than 0.001). Nevus fibroblasts are only weakly positive, whereas the stroma fibroblasts in the malignant lesions are strongly positive (p less than 0.001). The same is true for myosin and tubulin expression in dermal fibroblasts (p less than 0.001), whereas the tumor cells are equally (weakly) positive in all melanocytic lesions. Our study shows that there are significant differences in the immunohistochemical expression of cytoskeletal components in various melanocytic tumors. There is an elevated expression of vimentin and actin in the tumor cells, particularly of metastatic lesions. However, the most pronounced differences are found in the dermal fibroblasts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Expression of cytoskeletal components in melanocytic skin lesions. An immunohistochemical study. 202 88

HLA class I and II antigen expression in routinely processed head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) primary lesions was evaluated. Paraffin embedded samples from 66 squamous cell carcinomas and 7 verrucous carcinomas were studied immunohistochemically using recently developed anti-HLA class I monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) HC10 and HCA2, and anti-HLA-DR rabbit serum. Percent stained tumor cells were scored in 1 of 5 categories. The scores of 40 tumors were compared to the staining results obtained on frozen sections of the corresponding lesions, including those of the anti-class I MAb W6/32. High percentage-matched scores for paraffin and frozen sections were obtained, with HC10 vs. HC10, HC10 vs. W6/32, and anti-HLA-DR vs. anti-HLA-DR showing the best correlations. In the squamous cell carcinomas HLA class I expression was high (i.e., in 49/66 lesions more than 50% cells were stained), and correlated with the degree of differentiation, and inversely with the modified Jakobsson score. HLA class II expression (more than 5% cells stained) was found in 21/66 tumors and correlated inversely with the degree of differentiation. All verrucous carcinomas exhibited very high HLA class I expression, whereas class II was locally expressed in 5/7 lesions. Comparison of 4 subsites of HNSCC showed that carcinomas of the oral cavity had the highest HLA class I expression. This suggests susceptibility to CD8+ T cells, and together with the well developed submucosal lymphoid tissue, makes the oral cavity carcinomas probably well suited for local immunotherapeutic approaches in HNSCC.
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PMID:HLA antigen expression in routinely processed head and neck squamous cell carcinoma primary lesions of different sites. 206 87

Recent in situ hybridization studies have suggested the presence of human papillomavirus type 6 (HPV-6) DNA in ovarian cancer cells. An association between HPV and ovarian neoplasia of low malignant potential (LMP) has not been previously identified. Paraffin-embedded tissue blocks from 24 patients with LMP ovarian tumors were screened for human papillomavirus DNA. The patients ranged in age from 18 to 73 years. Corresponding microscopic slides from each tissue block were reviewed to confirm the histopathologic diagnosis. For identification of HPV genome, deparaffinized sections were subjected to the polymerase chain reaction to achieve amplification of DNAs of HPV types 6, 11, 16, and 18. For each HPV type, a 120-base-pair region of the E6 gene was targeted for amplification. Human papillomaviral DNA was not detected in the tissue specimens subjected to polymerase chain reaction. These results suggest that HPV types 6, 11, 16, and 18 are not likely to play a role in LMP ovarian tumors. These results do not totally exclude possible contributions of other HPV types.
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PMID:Investigation of ovarian neoplasia of low malignant potential for human papillomavirus. 217 18

The estrogen receptor (ER) expression of invasive breast cancer has been extensively studied both biochemically and with specific monoclonal antibodies against ER. Relatively few studies have attempted to characterize ER pattern in breast carcinoma in situ (CIS) and in other premalignant lesions. In the current study, the authors investigated the pattern of ER expression in 62 cases of breast CIS, 30 of which had a component of invasive cancer, and 36 cases of atypical hyperplasia. Paraffin sections of formalin-fixed breast tissue underwent enzyme pretreatment to expose nuclear antigenic sites as previously described. Breast tissues then underwent estrogen immunocytochemical assay using specific monoclonal antibodies (Abbott Laboratory, Chicago, IL). The cases were evaluated for heterogeneity, intensity of staining, and percentage of ER-positive cells. An attempt was made to study the relation between the pattern of ER expression, nuclear pleomorphism, and type of CIS. The results of ER immunocytochemical assay showed positive nuclear staining for ER in 75% of the CIS, 73% of CIS with invasive cancer, and 100% of atypical hyperplasias. ER expression in CIS agreed with that in the invasive carcinoma in 29 of 30 cases. This study also suggests that comedocarcinoma has a higher incidence of negative ER expression than the other types of CIS, particularly when it is associated with significant nuclear pleomorphism. There was no significant difference in ER tumor heterogeneity between premalignant and malignant lesions.
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PMID:Potential value of hormone receptor assay in carcinoma in situ of breast. 210 81


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