Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Three cases of secondary (therapy-related) hematologic malignant conditions were identified among 95 children as old as 18 years of age; the cases were diagnosed between 1984 and 1990 and consisted of acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDSs). They constituted 10% of all new cases of AML and MDS seen at the University Hospitals of Cleveland during this time and were not related to congenital factors. The primary malignant conditions were malignant thoracopulmonary tumor (Askin tumor), neuroblastoma, and Burkitt's lymphoma. The secondary hematologic disorders all showed a prominent monocytic component: acute monocytic leukemia, MDSs evolving to acute myelomonocytic leukemia, and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. The mean interval between treatment for the primary malignant condition and the onset of secondary disease was 36 months. All had received cyclophosphamide and an epipodophyllotoxin for the primary tumor; two were treated with radiation therapy. Cytogenetic abnormalities included del(5), del(13), t(1;6), and t(9;11)(p22[symbol:see text]3). The survival time after the onset of secondary disease was short.
 ...
PMID:Myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia after treatment for solid tumors of childhood. 837 35

A number of traditional Chinese medicinal herbs have become extremely interesting in the search for potential BRMs in the international medical community, especially in the United States and Japan. Naturin, a new Chinese medical herb produced by XingYa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., has enhanced immune response, inhibited tumor metastases and retroviral infection in animal models as well as in clinical studies. The results demonstrated that the inhibition of Natural Killer (NK) and Lymphokine-activated Killer (LAK) cell activity and lymphocyte proliferation was compromised by tumor metastases and retrovirus infection (Murine AIDS), even immunosuppression induced by surgical amputation can be restored by Naturin. It is also shown that Naturin can protect the mice from lethal total body irradiation. These studies indicated that Naturin possesses immunomodulatory effects in vivo for a broad range of stresses. The results of the clinical studies on Naturin have demonstrated: (a) significantly improved symptoms of patients, including MDS, acute and chronic leukemia, aplastic anemia, lung cancer, and association with the increased number and percentage of CD4 (Helper T-cell) which have been reduced in some patients, (b) Lymphocyte proliferation and NK cell activity which were suppressed in cancer patients can be significantly restored by Naturin treatment, (c) the addition of Naturin treatment to patients receiving radiotherapy and chemotherapy augments immune response and reduces radiation and chemotherapy injury, and (d) no cytotoxic side effects were found in patients given Naturin treatment for up to eight months.
 ...
PMID:Naturin: a potent bio-immunomodifier in experimental studies and clinical trials. 874 1

Loss of chromosome 7 (-7) or deletion of its long arm (7q-) are recurring chromosome abnormalities in myeloid disorders, especially in therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome (t-MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (t-AML). The association of -7/7q- with myeloid leukemia suggests that these regions contain a novel tumor suppressor gene(s) whose loss of function contributes to leukemic transformation or tumor progression. Based on chromosome banding analysis, two critical regions have been identified: one in band 7q22 and a second in bands 7q32-q35. We analyzed bone marrow and blood samples from 21 patients with myeloid leukemia (chronic myeloid leukemia, n = 2; de novo MDS, n = 4; de novo AML, n = 13; t-AML, n = 2) that on chromosome banding analysis exhibited deletions (n = 19) or reciprocal translocations (n = 2) of band 7q22 using fluorescence in situ hybridization. As probes, we used Alu-polymerase chain reaction products from 22 yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) clones that span chromosome bands 7q21.1-q32, including representative clones from a panel of YACs recognizing a contiguous genomic DNA fragment of 5 to 6 Mb in band 7q22. In the 19 cases with deletions, we identified two distinct commonly deleted regions: one region within band 7q22 was defined by the two CML cases; the second region encompassed a distal part of band 7q22 and the entire band 7q31 and was defined by the MDS/AML cases. The breakpoint of one of the reciprocal translocations was mapped to 7q21.3, which is centromeric to both of the commonly deleted regions. The breakpoint of the second translocation, which was present in unstimulated bone marrow and phytohemagglutinin-stimulated blood of an MDS patient, was localized to a 400-kb genomic segment in 7q22 within the deletion cluster of the MDS/AML cases. In conclusion, our data show marked heterogeneity of 7q22 deletion and translocation breakpoints in myeloid leukemias, suggesting the existence of more than one pathogenetically relevant gene.
 ...
PMID:Molecular cytogenetic delineation of deletions and translocations involving chromosome band 7q22 in myeloid leukemias. 905 25

The plasma pharmacokinetics of a second generation anthracycline derivative, idarubicin (Ida), have been studied in 17 patients with acute myelocytic leukemia (AML) and high risk features. The drug (10 mg/m2) was given in a randomized cross-over design as 3 min and 2 h infusions for three consecutive days. Cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C, 1 g/m2) was given on days 1-4. The plasma concentration time course of Ida was most properly described by the three-compartment pharmacokinetic model, independent of administration time. The maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) of Ida was reduced by a factor of 3 by increasing the infusion time from 3 min to 2 h. The pharmacokinetic pattern of the active metabolite idarubicinol (IdaOH) was only to a minor extent affected by the longer infusion time. The time course of IdaOH following each dose of Ida was accurately described by the one-compartment model with a first-order formation phase. The are under the plasma concentration versus time curves (AUC) of Ida and IdaOH were not affected by the administration time. Following Ida in combination with Ara-C, the medial duration of leukopenia (< 1.0 x 10(9)/l) was 14 days (range 5-56) and of thrombocytopenia (< 50 x 10(9)/l) was 22 days (range 7-120). The large majority of patients developed infectious complications. Two patients with MDS-AML showed a good response. The results of the present study give no evidence of reduced hematologic toxicity by increasing the administration time of Ida from 3 min to 2 h. However, minimizing Cmax, by administration of Ida as prolonged infusion during a 3 day course, might be clinically important in order to reduce cardiotoxicity and hopefully to increase anti-tumor efficacy through an increased accumulation of Ida and IdaOH in leukemic cells.
 ...
PMID:Plasma pharmacokinetics of idarubicin and its 13-dihydro metabolite--a comparison of bolus versus 2 h infusion during a 3 day course. 914 10

The experience of operative treatment in 14 cases of acute abdomen complicated by malignant hemopathy was reported. Primary diseases consisted of AL, NHL, MM, MH and MDS-RA, 13 cases of them were at progressing stage. The acute abdominal conditions included acute appendicitis, acute pancreatitis, acute cholecystitis, peritonitis secondary to intestinal perforation, intestinal obstruction, primary peritonitis and ileocecal syndrome. The type of acute abdomen was related with primary desease and chemotherapy. 8 cases were operated and 2 of them died of complications after operation. Biopsy of excised tissue showed tumor cells in 2 cases. The rate of correllation between preoper active and postoperative diagnosis was 62.5%. These findings suggest that malignant infiltration in the viscera, duration of abdominal pain before operation and the change of blood picture are the major factors for determining operative indication and the postoperative prognosis.
 ...
PMID:[An approach to operative treatment for acute abdomen complicated by malignant hemopathy]. 981 68

Loss of chromosome 7 (-7) or deletion of the long arm (7q-) are recurring chromosome abnormalities in myeloid leukemias. The association of -7/7q- with myeloid leukemia suggests that these regions contain novel tumor suppressor gene(s), whose loss of function contribute to leukemic transformation or tumor progression. Based on chromosome banding analysis, two critical regions have been identified, one in band q22 and another in bands q32-q35. Presently there are no data available on the molecular delineation of the distal critical region. In this study we analyzed bone marrow and blood samples from 13 patients with myeloid leukemia (de novo myelodysplastic syndrome [MDS], n = 3; de novo acute myeloid leukemia [AML], n = 9; therapy-related (t-) AML, n = 1) which, on chromosome banding analysis, exhibited deletions (n = 12) or in one case a balanced translocation involving bands 7q31-qter using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). As probes we used representative clones from a contig map of yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) clones that spans chromosome bands 7q31.1-qter. In the 12 cases with loss of 7q material, we identified a commonly deleted region of approximately 4 to 5 megabasepairs in size encompassing the distal part of 7q35 and the proximal part of 7q36. Furthermore, the breakpoint of the reciprocal translocation from the patient with t-AML was localized to a 1,300-kb sized YAC clone that maps to the proximal boundary of the commonly deleted region. Interestingly, in this case both homologs of chromosome 7 were affected: one was lost (-7) and the second exhibited the t(7q35). The identification and delineation of translocation and deletion breakpoints provides the first step toward the identification of the gene(s) involved in the pathogenesis of 7q35-q36 aberrations in myeloid disorders.
 ...
PMID:Molecular cytogenetic characterization of a critical region in bands 7q35-q36 commonly deleted in malignant myeloid disorders. 983 5

A 42-year-old female with a mediastinal tumor and massive pleural effusion ws admitted to our hospital in June 1993. Biopsy revealed lymphoblastic lymphoma. She had no evidence of distant metastasis except pleural effusion. Bone marrow examination revealed a normal karyotype (46, XY). The patient had been progression-free for more than 1 year after achieving complete remission by induction, consolidation and maintenance therapy according to the standard chemotherapy and involved-field radiation for lymphoblastic lymphoma. From May 1996 progressive leukopenia and thrombocytopenia developed. The diagnosis of refractory anemia with excess of blasts (RAEB) was made. Subsequently, in November 1996, she developed acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), M4 type by FAB classification. The karyotype of MDS and AML clones involved inversion (3) (q21q26) and monosomy 7. The EVI 1 gene was examined and was proved to be rearranged and activated. This may be the first case among the therapy-related cases of MDS/AML reported whose karyotypes were followed and in which the mRNA expression of EVI 1 gene involved was directly proved in the leukemogenesis process of chemotherapy-induced secondary MDS and AML.
 ...
PMID:Acute myelogenous leukemia with monosomy 7, inv(3) (q21q26), involving activated EVI 1 gene occurring after a complete remission of lymphoblastic lymphoma: a case report. 986 Dec 36

Two main types of therapy-related acute myeloid leukemias (tAML) and myelodysplastic syndromes (tMDS) have been described. The first classical type typically occurs late after use of alkylating agents and presents as MDS with -7/del 7q and/or -5/del5q. The second form occurs early after the use of agents targeted at topoisomerase II, and presents as AML with 11q23 or other rearrangements of de novo AML. Recently, we and others reported, in AML and MDS, a strong correlation between cytogenetic rearrangements leading to 17p deletion, a specific type of dysgranulopoiesis and p53 mutation; several of those cases of 17p- syndrome were therapy-related. Over the last 15 years, we observed 25 cases of tAML and tMDS with 17p deletion, which represented 36% of the AML and MDS with 17p deletion diagnosed during that period. Median age was 59 years. Twenty-one patients had tMDS and four tAML. Typical dysgranulopoiesis and p53 mutation and/or overexpression were seen in 22 of 24 and 16 of 19 evaluable patients, respectively. 17p deletion resulted from unbalanced translocations involving 17p (18 cases), monosomy 17 (five cases), i(17q) (one case) or del 17p (one case). Twenty-one patients also had -5/del 5q, and/or -7/del 7q. Median interval from treatment of the first tumor of tAML and tMDS was 94 months (range 19-252). Median survival was only 7 months. Based on primary tumor and antineoplastic agents used, patients could be relatively well divided into two groups: a first group of 11 cases, occurring mainly after a lymphoid neoplasm (eight cases) treated by chemotherapy with an alkylating agent (10 cases), and a second group of 14 cases occurring after essential thrombocythemia (ET) or polycythemia vera (PV) treated mainly by hydroxyurea (10 cases), pipobroman (eight cases), 32P (six cases) but rarely by alkylating agents (two cases). -7/del 7q was found in 10 of the 11 patients in the first group, as compared to three of the 14 patients of the second group (P = 0.0001). Therefore, therapy-related cases represent a high proportion of AML and MDS with the 17p- syndrome. They have many features in common with classical tMDS and tAML, including long interval from the first tumor, a usual preleukemic phase, and frequent occurrence of -5/del 5q. About one half of them, in addition, occur after alkylating agents and generally carry -7/del 7q. The other half, however, occur mainly after ET or PV treated by hydroxyurea or other non-alkylating agents, and usually have no -7/del 7q. These findings bring further support to a possible relationship between prior drugs used and cytogenetic rearrangements in tAML and tMDS.
 ...
PMID:Therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia with 17p deletion. A report on 25 cases. 1002 99

Therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome (t-AML and MDS) are severe late complications of treatment with genotoxic chemotherapeutic agents. Children with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) are predisposed to malignant myeloid disorders that are associated with inactivation of the NF1 tumor suppressor gene in the leukemic clone. Recent clinical data suggest that NF1 might be also associated with an increased risk of t-AML after treatment with alkyating agents. To test this hypothesis, we administered cyclophosphamide or etoposide to cohorts of wild-type and heterozygous Nf1 knockout mice. Cyclophosphamide exposure cooperated strongly with heterozygous inactivation of Nf1 in myeloid leukemogenesis, while etoposide did not. Somatic loss of the normal Nf1 allele correlated with clinical disease and was more common in 129/Sv mice than in 129/Sv x C57BL/6 animals. Leukemic cells showing loss of heterozygosity at Nf1 retained a structural allele on each chromosome 11 homolog. These studies establish a novel in vivo model of alkylator-induced myeloid malignancy that will facilitate mechanistic and translational studies.
 ...
PMID:Myeloid malignancies induced by alkylating agents in Nf1 mice. 1033 66

We studied 22 patients with hematological neoplasias which included: 12 patients with a diagnosis of Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia (AML) following the morphology and cytochemistry criteria established by FAB (French, American and British Committee), a Myeloblastic Leukemia secondary to MDS (Myelodysplastic Syndromes) and a biphenotypic acute leukemia where we established the relationship between the traditional peroxidase reaction with the anti-MPO by APAAP. We also carried out the nonspecific esterase reaction and determined the immunologic phenotype by FACS technology. The same procedure was used for the cellular analysis of the light chains kappa (kappa) and lambda (lambda) in 3 cases of hairy cell leukemia, one lymphoma and 4 cases of plasma cell neoplasia and reactive plasma cell disease. We conclude that immunocytochemical reactions must be used when morphology and traditional cytochemical reactions need to be confirmed in order to establish a correct diagnosis and this is specially important for B and T lymphomas. Their prognostic value is restricted and the results are useful as a complement to morphology, cytochemistry and immunological determinations.
 ...
PMID:[Immunocytochemistry techniques for the diagnosis of hematologic neoplasms]. 1034 12


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>