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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) etiology and incidence in Madagascar are not well established. The work presented here is the first documented study on HCC in Madagascar. The study was undertaken at the Centre Hospitalier de Soavinandriana, Antananarivo, from October 1995 to October 1996. Hepatocellular carcinoma was reported in 19 out of 22 patients with liver tumor included in the study. In 6 cases, patients developed post alcoholic cirrhosis HCC. Hepatitis B virus markers were detected in 48% of cases (13/19). The HBs Ag was detected in 42% of cases (8/19) in association with HBe Ag in 16% of cases (3/19), and hepatitis C virus antibodies in 11% of cases (2/18). In 3 cases, the etiology remained unknown. Hepatocellular carcinoma appeared the most frequent liver cancer, mainly due to post-hepatitis B cirrhosis. The introduction of hepatitis B vaccine in EPI (Expanded Program of Immunization) is recommended in order to reduce the percentage of hepatitis B virus carriers in the malagasy population and furthermore the incidence of HCC.
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PMID:[Etiology of hepatocellular carcinomas in Madagascar: results of a study in Antananarivo from October 1995 to October 1996]. 1246 21

It has been shown that quantitative MRI thermometry using the proton resonance frequency (PRF) method can be used to noninvasively monitor the evolution of tissue temperature, and to guide minimally-invasive tumor ablation based on local hyperthermia. Although hepatic tumors are among the main targets for thermal ablation, PRF-based temperature MRI of the liver is difficult to perform because of motion artifacts, fat content, and low T(*) (2). In this study the stability of real-time thermometry was tested on a clinical 1.5 T scanner for rabbit liver in vivo. The fast segmented EPI principle was used together with respiratory gating to limit respiratory motion artifacts. Lipid signal suppression was achieved with a binomial excitation pulse. Saturation slabs were applied to suppress artifacts due to flowing blood. The respiratory-gated MR thermometry in the rabbit liver in vivo showed a standard deviation (SD) of 1-3 degrees C with a temporal resolution of 3 s per slice and 1.4 mm x 1.9 mm spatial resolution in plane (slice thickness = 5 mm). The method was used to guide thermal ablation experiments with a clinical infrared laser. The estimated size of the necrotic area, based on the thermal dose calculated from MR temperature maps, corresponded well with the actual lesion size determined by histology and conventional MR images obtained 5 days posttreatment. These results show that quantitative MR temperature mapping can be obtained in the liver in vivo, and can be used for real-time control of thermal ablation and for lesion size prediction.
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PMID:Real-time MR temperature mapping of rabbit liver in vivo during thermal ablation. 1287 9

Oxygen plays a key role in tumor therapy and may be related to tumor development: e.g., angiogenesis and metastasis. Using noninvasive techniques to accurately measure tumor oxygenation could assist in developing novel therapies. Here, we have used the FREDOM (Fluorocarbon Relaxometry using Echo planar imaging for Dynamic Oxygen Mapping) approach based on hexafluorobenzene (HFB) to monitor tissue oxygen tension (pO2) of rat breast and prostate tumors and compared the results with changes in tumor vascular hemoglobin saturation (sO2) and concentration observed using a new dual wavelength homodyne near-infrared (NIR) system. The dynamic changes in pO2 and sO2 were assessed while rats were breathing various gases. NIR showed significant changes in vascular oxygenation accompanying respiratory interventions. 19F MR-EPI also showed significant changes in tissue pO2 and revealed considerable regional heterogeneity in both absolute values and rate of change accompanying interventions. Generally, changes in vascular sO2 preceded tissue pO2, particularly for smaller tumors.
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PMID:Tumor oxygen dynamics: comparison of 19F MR EPI and frequency domain NIR spectroscopy. 1456 20

Accumulating evidence suggests the concept that epirubicin and lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells cytotoxicity may be mediated by free radicals generation and P-glycoprotein-positive (Pg-p+) cancer cells are more sensitive for LAK cells than their drug-sensitive parental lines. We tested this hypothesis further by exposing drug-sensitive (WT) and epirubicin-resistant MCF-7 human breast tumor cells to epirubicin and LAK cells. Subsequently, we monitored cell proliferation as a measure of cytotoxicity. The cytotoxicity of epirubicin, LAK, and LAK + epirubicin (1/10 of IC50) was evaluated in 400-fold epirubicin resistant MCF-7 EPI(R) (P-glycoprotein overexpressing) and drug-sensitive MCF-7 WT cells. IC50 values were measured using the MTT cytotoxicity test. The MCF-7 EPI(R) cells exhibited an increased susceptibility to LAK cells than did the MCF-7 WT cells. P-gp+ MCF-7 EPI(R) cells were lysed by human LAK cells to a greater extend than were their drug-sensitive counterparts. LAK + epirubicin combined treatment increased susceptibility of MCF-7 WT and MCF-7 EPI(R) cells to LAK cells cytotoxicity. For both cell lines, cytotoxicity was dependent upon the concentration of the epirubicin and effector cell/target cell (E/T) ratio. The resistance of MCF-7 EPI(R) cells to epirubicin appears to be associated with a developed tolerance to superoxide, most likely because of a tree-fold increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and 13-fold augmented selenium dependent glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity. Acting in concert, these two enzymes would decrease the formation of hydroxyl radical from reduced molecular oxygen intermediates. The addition of SOD decreased cytotoxicity of epirubicin and LAK cells. Taken together, these observations support the role of oxygen radicals in the cytotoxicity mechanism of epirubicin and suggest further that the development of resistance to this drug by the MCF-7 EPI(R) tumor cells may have a component linked to oxygen free radicals. It is proposed that production of reactive oxygen species by the treatment of epirubicin and LAK cells can cause cytotoxicity of MCF-7 WT and MCF-7 EPI(R) cells. SOD, catalase, GSH-Px, GST (glutathione S-transferase), and GSH (reduced glutathione) must be considered as part of the intracellular antioxidant defense mechanism of MCF-7 WT and MCF-7 EPI(R) cells against reactive oxygen species.
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PMID:Combined effect of epirubicin and lymphokine-activated killer cells on the resistant human breast cancer cells. 1568 29

A-64-year-old woman, who had been treated with augmentation mammaplasty 40 years ago, came to our hospital complaining of left breast pain. The mass was ill-defined, located in the upper outer quadrant area of her breast, and was 2 cm in diameter. MRI examination showed that the tumor had a spiculation and an irregular edge. There were no regional lymph nodes in her axilla and supra-subscapular. The diagnosis was Class IV by the fine needle aspiration biopsy cytology. We diagnosed the left breast cancer being in T2N0M0, Stage IIA, then we carried out Bt (Auchincloss method) and Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB). There were metastatic cancer cells in the sentinel lymph node. So, we added level II lymph nodes dissection. The histological diagnosis was papillotubular carcinoma, f+, n+ (8/11). The endocrine receptor status of the tumor was ER+, PgR+ and the HER2/neu score was 0. There was paraffinoma in the non-cancer area. We dosed 6 cycles of FEC chemotherapy (CPA 800 mg, EPI 80 mg, 5-FU 750 mg/body x 1 cycle). We recognized no side effects of the chemotherapy for the patient.
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PMID:[A case of breast cancer detected by MRI mammography after Hollywood syndrome]. 1631 41

A 72-year-old man had undergone trasucethral resection of bladder tumor (TUR-Bt) three times from 1990 to 1991 and he had been lost to follow with no recurrence from 1996, came to our hospital complaining of asymptomatic macrohematuria in May 1999. A bladder tumor existed around the right ureteral orifice with right hydronephrosis. MRI and TUR-Bt revealed that the cancer was transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) > small cell carcinoma, G3, pT3b. Because the patient insisted on bladder preservation, intra arterial chemotherapy with cisplatinum (CDDP) and epirubicin (EPI-adr) followed by radiotherapy with CDDP was performed. The treatment resulted in a clinical complete response (CR), and the bladder was preserved. In January 2004, an invasive bladder cancer recurred at the left lateral wall. This time, neoadjuvant intra-arterial chemotherapy with CDDP and EPI-adr, followed by radical cystectomy was performed. Histologically, the recurrent bladder cancer was TCC, G3, pT3b.
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PMID:[Invasive bladder cancer recurrenced 5 years after complete response status by chemotherapy and radiotherapy: a case report]. 1636 9

Case 1: A 34-year-old woman,who had a right breast cancer with axillary lymph node metastasis and multiple bone metastases, was referred to our clinic. She developed paralysis of lower extremities and disorder of the bladder and rectum due to metastasis to the thoracic vertebra, and also had renal dysfunction due to severe hypercalcemia and hemorrhagic cystitis. Correcting the serum calcium level with intravenous infusion, elcatonin, pamidronate and betamethasone, she underwent radiation therapy for the vertebral metastasis. The first hormonal therapy (leuprorelin/exemestane) had been effective for about 4 months, however the second hormonal therapy (leuprorelin/tamoxifen) was not effective. Chemotherapy with paclitaxel (80 mg/m(2), day 1, 8, 15, every 4 weeks) brought about a stable general condition and a normal level of serum calcium with zoledronate in the ninth month of treatment. Case 2: A 32-year-old woman, who had a right breast cancer with multiple bone metastases and axillary and hilar lymph node metastases, came to our clinic, complaining of nausea due to severe hypercalcemia. After successful correction of hypercalcemia by the intravenous infusion and administration of elcatonin, pamidronate and dexamethasone, the hormonal therapy(goserelin/tamoxifen) caused rapid re-elevation of serum calcium and tumor marker, so that a tumor flare was suspected. After 3 cycles of EC therapy (EPI 90 mg/m(2), CPM 600 mg/m(2), every 3 weeks), 2 cycles of paclitaxel therapy (80 mg/m(2), day 1, 8, 15, every 4 weeks) brought about tumor reduction and the normal level of serum calcium. After 7 cycles of paclitaxel therapy,the hormonal therapy (goserelin/tamoxifen) proved effective for several months. To achieve tumor reduction and stabilize the serum calcium level, we need to start immediately the treatment of breast cancer with severe hypercalcemia, considering the general condition of the patient.
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PMID:[Two cases of stage IV breast cancer with severe hypercalcemia]. 1648 60

A 47-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital for advanced breast cancer with multiple liver metastases and liver dysfunction in January 2004. EC (EPI combined with CPA), weekly PTX, and AI were performed but were not effective for that tumor. Therefore, high-dose TOR was started. Liver dysfunction recovered after administration of TOR, and primary tumor and liver metastases were evaluated as a partial response (PR). The same therapy has been performed for six months with no evidence of deterioration.
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PMID:[A case of advanced breast cancer with multiple liver metastases resistant to chemotherapy responding to high-dose toremifene]. 1735 41

Preoperative DTI Fiber Tracking (DTI-FT) reconstruction of functional tracts combined with intraoperative subcortical mapping (ISM) is potentially useful to improve surgical procedures in gliomas located in eloquent areas. Aims of the study are: (1) to evaluate the modifications of fiber trajectory induced by the tumor; (2) to validate preoperative DTI-FT results with intraoperative identification of functional subcortical sites through direct subcortical stimulation; (3) to evaluate the impact of preoperative DTI-FT reconstructions in a neuronavigational setup combined with ISM technique on duration and modalities of surgical procedures, and on functional outcome of the patients. Data are available on 64 patients (52 low-grade and 12 high-grade gliomas). DTI-FT was acquired by a 3-T MR scanner with a single-shot EPI sequence (TR/TE 8986/80 ms, b=1000 s/mm) with gradients applied along 32 non-collinear directions. 3D Fast Field Echo (FFE) T1-weighted imaging (TR/TE 8/4 ms) was performed for anatomic guidance. The corticospinal tract (CST), superior longitudinal, inferior fronto-occipital and uncinatus fasciculi were reconstructed. Data were transferred to the neuronavigational system. Functional subcortical sites identified during ISM were correlated with fiber tracts depicted by DTI-FT. In high-grade gliomas, DTI-FT depicted tracts mostly at the tumor periphery; in low-grade gliomas, fibers were frequently located inside the tumor mass. There was a high correlation between DTI-FT and ISM (sensitivity for CST=95%, language tracts=97%). For a proper reconstruction of the tracts, it was necessary to use a low FA threshold of fiber tracking algorithm and to position additional regions of interest (ROIs). The combination of DTI-FT and ISM decreased the duration of surgery, patient fatigue, and intraoperative seizures. Combination of DTI-FT and ISM allows accurate identification of eloquent fiber tracts and enhances surgical performance and safety maintaining a high rate of functional preservation.
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PMID:Motor and language DTI Fiber Tracking combined with intraoperative subcortical mapping for surgical removal of gliomas. 1791 Oct 32

Our purpose is to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurement in differentiating malignant from benign uterine endometrial cavity lesions. We retrospectively evaluated 25 uterine endometrial cavity lesions in 25 female patients: endometrial carcinoma (n = 11), carcinosarcoma (n = 2), submucosal leiomyoma (n = 8), and endometrial polyp (n = 4). Diffusion-weighted images were performed at 1.5 T with b factors of 0-1,000/mm(2). The region of interest was defined within the tumor on T2-weighted EPI image and then manually copied to an ADC map. Thereby, the ADC value was obtained. We compared ADC values between malignant and benign lesions using Student's t-test. The mean and standard deviation of ADC values (x10(-3) mm(2)/s) were as follows: endometrial carcinoma, 0.98+/-0.21; carcinosarcoma, 0.97+/-0.02; submucosal leiomyoma, 1.37+/-0.28; and endometrial polyp, 1.58+/-0.45. The ADC values differed significantly between malignant (0.98+/-0.19) and benign lesions (1.44+/-0.34) (P < 0.01). We defined malignant tumors as cases with an ADC value less than 1.15 x 10(-3) mm(2)/s for obtaining the highest accuracy. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 84.6%, 100%, and 92%, respectively. ADC measurement can provide useful information in differentiating malignant from benign uterine endometrial cavity lesions.
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PMID:Diagnostic accuracy of the apparent diffusion coefficient in differentiating benign from malignant uterine endometrial cavity lesions: initial results. 1791 30


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