Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twenty patients with osteogenic sarcoma of the distal portion of the femur and the proximal portion of the tibia received chemotherapy (vincristine sulfate, methotrexate with leucovorin calcium rescue, [citrovorum factor; folinade calcium], and doxorubicin hydrochloride [Adriamycin]), followed by radical en bloc resection and prosthetic bone replacement. Histologic examination of surgical specimens obtained after chemotherapy showed variable degrees of tumor destruction and, in some cases, massive tumor necrosis, attesting to the profound effects of vigorous chemotherapy. This new therapeutic regimen, when feasible, may prove to be the treatment of choice in osteogenic sarcoma.
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PMID:Primary osteogenic sarcoma: pathologic aspects in 20 patients after treatment with chemotherapy en bloc resection, and prosthetic bone replacement. 29 12

Results of treatment for osteosarcoma of the extremity have been poor with metastases usually causing death within 2 years following diagnosis. Because of the great risk of development of metastases, 20 patients have received adjuvant chemotherapy with Adriamycin, cyclophosphamide and high-dose methotrexate-leucovorin rescue for up to 12 months following amputation for osteosarcoma. Sixteen of these patients are surviving; 11 are free of evident tumor from 6 to 34 months following amputation. Five patients were found to have pulmonary metastases while receiving chemotherapy and three patients developed metastases following completion of chemotherapy. One patient died following her third treatment with high-dose methotrexate-leucorovin rescue. Other toxicity included nausea, vomiting, mucosal ulcerations, infections, hematologic abnormalities, changes in kidney and liver functions tests, and minor coagulation abnormalities. The natural history of osteosarcoma may have been modified by the use of these agents for periods exceeding the median time to predicted detection of pulmonary metastases. Microscopic metastases of some patients were eradicated by this adjuvant chemotherapy. For patients who developed metastases, these metastases were delayed in their time of detection and in their number at the time of detection.
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PMID:Adjuvant multiple drug chemotherapy for osteosarcoma of the extremity. 29 29

High-dose infusions of methotrexate with citrovorum factor rescue were evaluated in 27 patients with advanced recurrent breast cancer who had previously been treated with various Adriamycin-containing regimens. Eight of 27 patients (29%) achieved objective tumor regression with a median duration of response of 26 weeks. Nineteen patients had previously received standard doses of methotrexate (less than 50 mg/m2/dose), while eight patients had had no prior exposure to methotrexate. The response rates observed in these two groups of patients were similar. Except for two drug-related deaths, toxic effects were acceptable. Myelosuppression was mild, transient, and noncumulative. Gastrointestinal toxic effects did not appear to be dose-related and were mild in most instances. Central nervous system dysfunction with lethargy, fatigability, confusion, and disorientation was the most significant toxic effect of this high-dose methotrexate therapy and was observed in six (22%) of the patients. In two patients treatment with this program was discontinued because of the development of renal dysfunction. High-dose methotrexate with citrovorum factor rescue appears to be an effective regimen in patients with advanced refractory breast cancer. However, in view of the enormous cost necessitated by this treatment approach, we do not feel further studies would be worthwhile.
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PMID:High-dose methotrexate for advanced breast cancer. 31 46

Several chemotherapeutic agents given singly or in combination are capable of producing significant tumor regression in recurrent breast cancer. Such remissions improve both the quality and duration of life. To date, the most active combinations have been variations of Cooper's CMFVP therapy or regimens containing Adriamycin. Further improvements in survival may be realized from the addition of hormonal and/or immune therapy to these active combinations as well as from the development of new drugs.
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PMID:Chemotherapy of recurrent breast cancer. 35 2

Adriamycin is now firmly established as a drug with a very broad spectrum of antitumor activity. It has had a major impact on the therapy of sarcomas. The dose response effect in this tumor is steep and combinations which compromise the dose of adriamycin too greatly are showing inferior results. In lung and breast cancer combinations with adriamycin have been extensively tried. The FAC Regimen in breast cancer has given excellent results at the M.D. Anderson Hospital. The inclusion of adriamycin in combinations has had an impact in the poor prognosis histologies of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. The CHOP regimen is one of the best developed to date for diffuse histiocytic lymphomas. In the leukemias adriamycin is probably equivalent to daunorubicin which has been more extensively used in this country. A new analog called Rubidazone has shown good activity in AML with a smooth induction and its incorporation into combination with Ara-C, vincristine and prednisone in a regimen called ROAP is being investigated. Adriamycin in complex with DNA has been clinically evaluated, but at this time, no advantage for this approach can be demonstrated.
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PMID:Adriamycin and other anthracycline antibiotics under study in the United States. 36 Mar 30

Four cases of hepatic angiosarcoma are reported with a review of 99 other cases in the English literature. Angiosarcoma of the liver is associated with chronic exposure to thorotrast, vinyl chloride, arsenicals, radium and possibly copper and with chronic idiopathic hemochromatosis. Although 40% of patients have hepatic fibrosis or cirrhosis at autopsy, the nature of the association between chronic liver disease and hepatic angiosarcoma is unknown. The clinical presentation of hepatic angiosarcoma is nonspecific with abdominal pain, weakness and weight loss common complaints and with hepatomegaly, ascites and jaundice common findings. Liver function tests are usually abnormal but there is no one liver function test or set of tests specific for the tumor. The occurrence of thrombocytopenia and disseminated intravascular coagulation is characteristic of hepatic angiosarcoma and may be related to local consumption of clotting factors and formed blood elements in the tumor. Catastrophic intraabdominal bleeding is also characteristic and occurs in one-fourth of all cases. This complication is likely related to the high incidence of clotting abnormalities and the vascular nature of the neoplasm. Selective hepatic arteriogram and open liver biopsy are the foundations of diagnostic evaluation. Percutaneous liver biopsy should be avoided. Failure to appreciate the possibility of hepatic angiosarcoma in the proper clinical setting, leading to blind percutaneous biopsy, may result in failure to make the diagnosis at the cost of significant morbidity and mortality. Survival of patients with hepatic angiosarcoma is brief; only 3% live longer than 2 years. Treatment of the tumor to date is empirical. There are probably a few patients who might benefit from radical surgery with curative intent. For all others chemotherapy is indicated. Adriamycin is active against hepatic angiosarcoma, but optimal dose and mode of administration require further investigation. Further study is also required to delineate the cause of hepatic angiosarcoma in the 60% of cases without definite epidemiologic association.
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PMID:The clinical features of hepatic angiosarcoma: a report of four cases and a review of the English literature. 36 8

The effects of a single intraperitoneal injection of adriamycin (10 mg/kg) on a fast-growing C3H mouse mammary tumor (S102F) have been analyzed volumetrically, biochemically, autoradiographically and flow cytometrically. Mathematical simulation of the data was also used to aid in the interpretation of the recovery kinetics. This dose of adriamycin did not induce regression in tumor volume but did inhibit the growth rate for 4-5 days. 3H-TdR incorporation was gradually inhibited to reach a low of 20% of control at 24 and 36 hr and then recovered back to control by 96 hr after adriamycin treatment. The flow cytometric analysis also showed a marked reduction in the relative fraction of cells in the S-phase with a minimum of 23% of control at 72 hr; however, in contrast to the 3H-TdR incorporation data, the fraction of cells in the S-phase was only at 39% of control at 96 hr after the adriamycin injection. Since the 3H-TdR incorporation data disagreed with the flow cytometry data, autoradiographic analysis was also done at selected times after the adriamycin injections, and qualitatively, this analysis confirms the flow cytometry data in that the labeling index was 29% of control at 96 hr after adriamycin. The mitotic index also dropped from 8 to 1%, respectively, for controls and at 96 hr posttreatment. The degenerate index was about 1% in control tumors and no increase was observed in treated tumors. Adriamycin-induced cell-cycle delay occurs predominately in G1 and G2 but there is also an apparent minor delay in the transit across the S-phase and some apparent cytotoxicity in G2 and/or M. The long delay in volumetric growth appears to be due to the extended cell-cycle delay rather than extensive cell killing.
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PMID:Flow cytometric analysis of adriamycin-perturbed mouse mammary tumors. 37 11

A renal cell endocarcinoma that arose spontaneously in a Wistar-Lewis rat has been used to screen various chemotherapeutic agents for effectiveness against this tumor. Of the agents so far tested, cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) and vinblastine have displayed very considerable anti-tumor activity. Adriamycin was marginal, and fluorouracil (5-FU) and Cis-dichlorodiammine Platinum (II) were ineffective.
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PMID:A new animal model for testing the effectiveness of chemotherapeutic agents on renal adenocarcinoma. 40 Dec 84

While carcinomas of the stomach is decreasing in incidence in the Dnited States, it is still a major cause of cancer death. But gastric neoplasms are not decreasing in some other geographic areas. According to some studies, 30% of all cancer in the U.S.S.R. originates in the stomach. The rate of gastric neoplasms is greatest in Japan, and over 54% of all cancer in the male population arises in the stomach. The peak age for development of stomach cancer is between 70 and 80 years; over 60% of all stomach cancer is diagnosed in patients between the ages of 60 and 70, while more than 10% is found in those over 80. The main hope for cure at this time rests with surgical treatment. However, despite increased use of surgery, the 5-year survival rate of approximately 13% for patients diagnosed during 1955-59 has not improved to any degree since that time. The major drugs commonly used to treat gastric cancer are 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and mitomycin C. Controversy still exists concerning the optimum method for administering 5-FU, the most frequently used drug in the United States. The standard loading-course method was attended by a high risk of severe toxicity and drug-related deaths. Several variations of the loading course have evolved. Currently, the Mayo Clinic group uses a 5-day course of 13.5 mg 5-FU/kg repeated every 5 weeks, with therapy interrupted if stomatitis or diarrhea develops; with this regimen the drug-related mortality rate was reported to be less than 1%. Studies have shown that 5-FU plus radiotherapy can enhance survival in patients with locally unresectable diseases. The overall objective with 5-FU is 20-25% with an average of 4-5 months' duration of response. Despite the many patients treated with 5-FU, rarely has a systematic analysis been done of factors such as age, sex, disease-free interval, histologic grade of the tumor, or sites or metastases, which might predispose to a favourable or unfavorable response. In Japan the most commonly used drug for treatment of gastric cancer is mitomycin C, the second most frequently used drug in the United States. The overall objective response rate with mitomycin C is between 20 and 30%, with the higher response rates being reported in the Japanese data. The average duration of response ranges from 1 to 3 months. The nitrosoureas [1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU), 1,3-cis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (CCNU), and methyl CCNU (MeCCNU)] have shown some evidence of activity against gastric cancer. BCNU has yielded an objective response rate of 18% (6/33) and an average duration of response of 4.5 months in gastric cancer patients, most of whom had no prior therapy. Adriamycin recently has been shown to have some antitumor activity, with an approximate response rate of 25%. Combination approaches have been more successful in stomach cancer than in any other gastrointestinal neoplasm. The Japanese have reported higher response rates with a combination of 5-FU, mitomycin C, and cytosine arabinoside...
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PMID:Gastric cancer: current status of treatment. 40 78

We have presented the background and rationale for initiating a program of intensive surgical and chemotherapeutic management of advanced ovarian cancer. Our goal of excising all tumor masses larger than 1.5 cm in diameter has been explained and our operative approach described. The necessity for nutritional support has been emphasized. Preliminary results among patients with Stage III disease treated by optimal operation and Adriamycin-cyclophosphamide chemotherapy are encouraging. Aggressive operations have been unsuccessful when employed as secondary treatment. The single most important contraindication to extensive operation is the inability to initiate effective chemotherapy in the postoperative period.
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PMID:Intensive surgical and chemotherapeutic management of advanced ovarian cancer. 41 10


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