Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The object of this study was to determine the known laboratory parameters, tumor markers and immunomodulatory substances in 69 ascites of various etiology, and to test their diagnostic significance. The usual parameters such as protein content, LDH ratio, albumin quotient and albumin gradient, fibronectin, cholesterol and cell count did not reliably differentiate the etiology in each particular case, although the mean values of the various groups differed significantly. Even cytological investigation was negative in 6 out of 29 malignant ascites. Neither were the immunomodulatory substances such as neopterin, beta 2-microglobulin and interleukin-2 receptors suitable for differentiation. In patients with carcinoma of the prostate the values of prostate-specific antigen were significantly increased in ascites. The best separation between benign hepatic or cardiac ascites and malignant ascites was provided by ferritin (sensitivity 97%, specificity 100%). The values in benign hepatic or cardiac ascites were lower than 150 ng/ml and those in malignant ascites higher than 170 ng/ml.
 ...
PMID:[Tumor markers and immunomodulator substances in ascites--their value as screening and diagnosis parameters]. 247 98

Signet ring cell adenocarcinoma (SRCA) is an extremely rare tumor of the prostate. We document with histochemistry, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy an incidental "signet ring" cell adenocarcinoma of the prostate in a fifty-seven-year-old white male with chronic lymphocytic leukemia who died of an intracerebral hemorrhage. The signet ring cells stained weakly for neutral mucin and were strongly positive for both prostate-specific antigen and prostate acid phosphatase. In addition, electron microscopy demonstrated intracellular lumina with microvilli and cytoplasmic vacuoles of mucin. This case conclusively supports the existence of SRCA of the prostate.
 ...
PMID:Signet ring cell carcinoma of prostate. Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study of a case. 247 83

A monoclonal antibody with high affinity to acid phosphatase isoenzyme 2 (Ab-AcP2) was selected to examine its binding to different normal and tumor tissues using the indirect immunohistochemical method. Both mature prostatic epithelial cells in the prostate and the highly dedifferentiated prostatic cancer cells in the bone marrow showed strong binding to the antibody. Among nonprostatic tissues, only bone marrow, breast, and kidney showed trace staining in some specimens. The specificity of Ab-AcP2 was much better than that of the polyclonal antibody to acid phospatase previously reported. When the antibody to the prostate-specific antigen (Ab-PSA) was used, weak background staining was often encountered, and weak to moderate stains were seen in the prostatic stroma, bone marrow, lung, skin, and melanoma.
 ...
PMID:Improved immunohistochemical detection of prostatic acid phosphatase by a monoclonal antibody. 247 29

Serum concentrations of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), prostate-specific acid phosphatase (PAP), and transrectal prostatic ultrasound were utilized in the evaluation of 193 men with various urologic disorders. Of the 193 patients, 48 had prostate cancer, and the other 145 included 5 with genitourinary neoplasms, 69 with benign prostatic hypertrophy, and 71 with other non-neoplastic genitourinary disease. PSA levels were elevated in 35 patients with prostate cancer and in 25 of the 145 without prostate cancer. PAP levels were elevated in 15 with prostate cancer and in 2 of the 145 without prostate cancer. The data indicate that PSA is a more sensitive but less specific tumor marker than PAP in the detection of prostate cancer. PSA appears to be more sensitive than PAP in monitoring the response to treatment. The use of PSA and PAP jointly to detect and to monitor prostate cancer did not appear to enhance the clinical utility over that of PSA alone.
 ...
PMID:Relative value of prostate-specific antigen and prostatic acid phosphatase in diagnosis and management of adenocarcinoma of prostate. Ohio State University experience. 247 31

Prostate-specific antigen (PA), gamma-seminoprotein (gamma-Sm) and prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) have been evaluated in patients with prostate cancer, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), chronic prostatitis and acute prostatitis. PA has proved to be diagnostically more sensitive than PAP and gamma-Sm for the detection of prostatic cancer. Although PA may be elevated more frequently than PAP and gamma-Sm in patients with BPH, there are possibilities that these patients with elevated PA and normal PAP and gamma-Sm may have prostatic cancer or precancerous conditions not detectable in our routine diagnostic procedures. We report two cases of prostatic cancer with persistently elevated PA and diagnosed after repeated biopsies. Our data suggest that PA is a sensitive and useful tumor marker for the diagnosis of prostatic cancer. PAP and gamma-Sm in combination with PA may serve as more useful for differential diagnosis and confirmation of prostatic cancer.
 ...
PMID:[The significance of serum prostate-specific antigen, gamma-seminoprotein and prostatic acid phosphatase as prostate cancer markers]. 247 6

The comprehensive description of the zonal anatomy of the prostate as developed by McNeal has identified the likely sites of cancer within the gland and provided further understanding of the way in which prostate tumors spread. Two areas where the capsule is deficient have been described: the invaginated extraprostatic space and the apex of the prostate, both of which are easy avenues along which tumor may escape the confines of the prostate. Cancer of the prostate is hypoechoic in comparison with the normal peripheral zone tissue in all cases and can be diagnosed with great accuracy by the use of ultrasound-guided biopsies. The sensitivity of transrectal ultrasound in the diagnosis of prostate cancer is twice that of digital rectal examination. In our clinical study, the overall positive predictive value of a hypoechoic lesion was 41 per cent, and it increased to 61 per cent when combined with the finding of a positive digital rectal examination and to 52 per cent if the prostate-specific antigen level was elevated. Thirty-two per cent of the cancers diagnosed with transrectal ultrasound were not detectable by digital rectal examinations.
 ...
PMID:Diagnosis of prostate cancer by transrectal ultrasound. 247 61

Response of prostatic cancer bone metastases to therapy (androgen withdrawal and Estracyt) was studied in 43 patients by applying scintiscanning and radioimmunodetective measurement of serum osteocalcin (OC) values. The prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) concentrations, as sensitive probes for the overall tumor spread, were used in parallel in a monitoring procedure. A significant rise in OC levels to values elevated from a pretreatment normal level has been found in patients with a partial osseous tumor remission, and this may be easily distinguished from normal and/or subnormal OC level in bony tumor progression (P less than 0.01) and during stabilization in metastatic spread (P less than 0.01). On these bases, differences between disease progression and the "no change" response category could not be statistically recognized (P greater than 0.05). A sharp increase in circulating OC level has been recorded 1 months after the beginning of the treatment leading to bone remodeling processes and precedes improvements in scintiscan appearance. Blood OC concentration seems also to be of utility 1) in distinguishing scintigraphic flare phenomenon from a slight bone scan progression and 2) when related to scans with regions of both disease improvement and worsening. Furthermore, serum OC concentration can frequently be measured through a noninvasive procedure, thus serving as a significant addition to bone scintigraphy.
 ...
PMID:Correlation between bone scans and serum levels of osteocalcin, prostate-specific antigen, and prostatic acid phosphatase in monitoring patients with disseminated cancer of the prostate. 247 38

Enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) using rabbit anti-gamma-seminoprotein (gamma-Sm) antibody and rabbit anti-prostate-specific antigen antibody (PA) for measurements of gamma-Sm and PA were developed in order to determine the correlation between serum gamma-Sm levels and serum PA levels in patients with prostate cancer. Each EIA for measurement of gamma-Sm or PA was revealed to be sensitive and reproducible by fundamental analysis of the quality of EIAs. A significant correlation was established between serum gamma-Sm levels and serum PA levels which were measured by these assays and expressed as protein concentration of seminal plasma (r = 0.99). This result coincided with our previous observation that gamma-Sm and PA are immunologically identical materials. We conclude, therefore, that gamma-Sm and PA should be regarded as tumor markers identical to each other for serodiagnosis of prostate cancer.
 ...
PMID:[Correlation of serum gamma-seminoprotein and serum prostate-specific antigen in patients with prostate cancer]. 248 Oct 57

Transrectal ultrasound allows tissue characterization of normal and abnormal internal anatomy of the prostate and therefore provides valuable information for the study of prostate cancer. In an early-detection program setting, the hypoechoic lesion proved to be twice as sensitive as a palpable abnormality in predicting the presence of cancer; for every two cancers detected by transrectal ultrasound, one was detected by digital rectal examination. When the presence of a hypoechoic lesion was the criterion for biopsy in a clinical setting, 41 percent proved to be cancer. Sixty-eight percent of these cancers were palpable; thus, for every four cancers detected by transrectal ultrasound, three were detected by digital rectal examination. Hence, in our diagnostic settings, transrectal ultrasound is more sensitive than digital rectal examination. Because transrectal ultrasound can measure tumor size and offer information regarding tumor spread, we recommend that transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy be performed first on all palpable lesions. Up to 50 percent of negative biopsies guided by palpation have subsequently proved to be cancer with transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy. If transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy of a palpable lesion does not reveal cancer, however, a biopsy guided by palpation should be performed. Strategic transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy for staging should be performed to obtain tissue from areas where microscopic extracapsular tumor extension is likely to be present. Based on presently available evidence, broader implementation and evaluation of transrectal ultrasound, a tool to be complemented by digital rectal examination and prostate-specific antigen, is advocated for the early detection of prostate cancer. It is hoped that the use of transrectal ultrasound will lead to increased survival, with good quality of life, in a cost-effective manner, for men at increasing risk from prostate cancer in the aging national population.
 ...
PMID:The role of transrectal ultrasound in the early detection of prostate cancer. 248 16

To evaluate the prognostic value of prostate-specific antigen (PA) for detection of tumor growth after definitive therapy, 602 sera from 70 patients with stages B2 to D1 prostate cancer (26 of whom recurred) were analyzed in a blind study. Using Cox's proportional-hazards model, a highly significant association was found between serially measured PA and disease-free survival time (p = 0.0002). A positive predictive value of 100% was found for some markedly elevated PA levels and confirmed recurrence of disease. In fact, this study suggested that once a PA level of 88 ng/ml was reached, there was an average time of less than 2 months before a recurrence was clinically confirmed. Tumor growth in patients who recurred was indicated by a PA elevation before recurrence in 92% (24 of 26) as opposed to 20% (9 of 44) in disease-free patients. Additionally, in these 24 of 26 patients, levels of PA were elevated 12 months (mean lead time) before a confirmed disease recurrence. In patients who were still disease free, serial PA appeared to increase concurrently with putative tumor growth as shown by the initial surgical stage. Generally, the greater the PA level the more advanced was the stage of disease (B2 to D1). These data suggest that PA may be a useful adjuvant marker for monitoring tumor growth in patients with regionally confined prostate cancer.
 ...
PMID:Prognostic importance of prostate-specific antigen for monitoring patients with stages B2 to D1 prostate cancer. 257 13


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10