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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In the treatment of patients with meningeal leukemia, conventional intrathecal methotrexate therapy followed by maintenance intrathecal methotrexate at intervals of 8 weeks has been shown superior to an intensive, unmaintained intrathecal methotrexate induction regimen, and to neuroaxis radiotherapy, tumor dose 2000-2500 rads. In each of the treatment regimens, all children completing proscribed therapy achieved complete CNS remission as judged by the return of CSF findings to normal. Median lengths of remission were: maintenance regimen 240 days; intensive induction regimen, 106 days; and radiotherapy, 216 days. Differences were of statistical significance between the maintenance regimen and the intensive regimen (p equal 0.001), and between the radiotherapy and intensive regimens (p equal 0.01). Maintenance intrathecal therapy appeared to affect favorably the duration of existing marrow remissions; the median time to marrow relapse for patients given maintenance therapy was significantly longer than for those given intensive induction therapy. Toxicity of the chemotherapy regimens was not prohibitive. Radiotherapy was associated with severe myelosuppression, interruptions of systemic therapy, and serious infections, which resulted in death in five children.
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PMID:Superiority of conventional intrathecal methotrexate therapy with maintenance over intensive intrathecal methotrexate therapy, unmaintained, or radiotherapy (2000-2500 rads tumor dose) in treatment for meningeal leukemia. 80 66

The ribonuclease activity of cerebrospinal fluid of 219 patients was studied. The normal level was 269 +/- 95 units/ml. Consistent elevations above 550 units/ml were found in: 1. Chronic cerebrovascular disease; 2. Spinal cord compression; 3. Tumors. The molecular weights of the ribonucleases in the cerebrospinal fluid are approximately 33,000; 21,000 and 15,000; the major species is the one with m.w. 33,000. Although the increase in the CSF ribonuclease activity is not disease specific, the measurement has provided corroborative help in cases when the CSF protein is normal. The increase in CSF RNAase is not due to red or white blood cells and the immunologic data suggest that the CSF enzyme activity is derived from the blood stream. Further studies are necessary to rule out a nerve cell origin of the CSF ribonuclease activity.
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PMID:Ribonuclease activity of human cerebrospinal fluid. 85 26

Rats treated with haloperidol or bearing subcutaneous implants of prolactin-secreting tumors had elevated CSF prolactin levels compared to those observed in control rats. These levels were commensurate with the increased serum level of prolactin, although there appeared to be an upper limit to the CSF prolactin concentration. Patients with prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas had elevated CSF hormone levels as compared to patients with non-endocrine neurologic disease. This obtained, regardless of whether the tumor was intra- or extrasellar in its growth. The implications for the route of entry of prolactin into CSF under both normal and abnormal conditions, and the potential role for CSF prolactin as part of a feedback regulatory system on pituitary prolactin release are discussed.
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PMID:Prolactin in human and rat serum and cerebrospinal fluid. 91 1

The authors report a case of epidermoid tumor of the lateral ventricle. Epidermoid tumors are relatively uncommon intracranial lesions and the one situated in the lateral ventricle has not been reported in this country. A 42 year old house wife was admitted to Asahi Central Hospital on February 14, 1973, complaining of progressive right hemiparesis for 2 years. The patient had no headache and no other symptoms of increased intracranial pressure. Neurological examination revealed disorientation, dyscalculia, amnestic aphasia, morter dysphasia, right facial paresis (central type) and right hemiparesis. The laboratory findings, which included complete blood count, serum electrolytes, urinalysis, electrocardiogram and blood Wassermann, were normal. Initial pressure of the spinal tap was 410 mmH2O and crystal clear CSF was obtained. tplain craniogram showed no calcification and was normal. The left CAG showed clearly the signs of the temporal lobe tumor (Fig. 1, 2, 3, 4.), but showed no early veins and no tumor stains. The brain scintigram was normal. A left temporo-parietooccipital craniotomy was performed. The epidural Echogram (horizontal section-Fig. 5, coronall section-Fig. 6) revealed the clear demarcated, multicystic round tumor in the inferior horn of the left lateral ventricle. After the whitesoap like tumor was totaly removed, the all interior surface of the left inferior horn of the lateral ventricle was seen (Fig. 8). Tumor was 5.5 cm in diameter and 50 g in weight. Histological findings of the tumor showed typical epidermoid (Fig. 9, 10). The origin of the intravetricular epidermoids and the usefulness of echo-encephalorgaphy were briefly discussed.
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PMID:[The epidermoid tumor of the lateral cerebral ventricle; report of a case (author's transl)]. 94 14

A rare case of intramedullary schwannoma of the spinal cord has been reported, The patient was a 30-year-old woman, who began to notice weakness in her right leg approximately 6 months prior to admission, followed 4 months later by numbness and weakness of the right arm. The above symptoms were progressively getting worse, and she was admitted to Hokkaido University Hospital on February 23, 1974. Neurological examination revealed slow speech, bilateral horizontal nystagmus, absent gag reflex and weakness of right trapezius muscle. Spasticity was noted in 4 extremities, in addition to right hemiparesis. All deep tendon reflexes were hyperactive, right more than left, with bilateral Hoffmann's and Babinski's signs. Vibration sense was diminished below the level of bilateral iliac crests. A tumor around the foramen magnum was suspected, however plain skull and neck, laminogram of cervical spines, vertebral arteriogram, fractional pneumoencephalogram and myodil myelogram failed to disclose abnormalities. Manometric Queckenstedt test showed a partial block on flexion, with CSF protein of 56 mg/dl. Air myelogram clearly visualized the presence of an intramedullary tumor at the level of the medullo-spinal junction. Subtotal removal of the intramedullary tumor at C1 was performed, which proved to be a schwannoma histologically. 14 such cases are reported in the literature and summarized on Table I, including our case. Clinical features of tumors around the foramen magnum are fairly complexed, and some radiological examinations might not be conclusive. It is stressed that air myelogram is extremely valuable in the diagnosis of lesions around the foramen magnum.
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PMID:[A case of intramedullary spinal schwanoma (author's transl)]. 98 97

Comparison of some cases in adults to an extensive malformation in the small pelvis in a 4 years old girl. Sacral ventral meningoceles are rare spinal malformations which probably result from a dysrhaphic disorder in an early embryonal stage (spina bifida). The dysrhaphic malformation extends towards the os sacrum with a defect in ventral direction. In this paper, we present the cases of one child and three adults. The malformative tumor in the small pelvis of the child was so large that an obstruction of the urinary tract and of the rectum resulted. In addition to this there was a paralysis of the peroneal muscles caused by a congenital defect in the nervous system. The large space occupying tumor in the small pelvis was surgically reduced and separated from the subarachnoid space, after which considerable postoperative improvement was observed. In the cases of the three adults, suffering from lumbal ischialgy, similar but much smaller malformations had been discovered through myelography. Two of these patients improved after removal of degenerated discs, and one by conservative treatment. There was no relation between the neurologic symptoms and the small ventral meningoceles. A surgical removal of sacral ventral meningoceles is indicated, when these appear as space occupying tumors in the small pelvis. The tumor can then be reached from the CSF-space in order to relieve the obstruction of the urinary tract and the rectum.
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PMID:[Surgical indications in ventral sacral meningocele]. 98 59

Cerebrospinal fluid prolactin levels were determined in 33 patients with pituitary disease, 3 pregnant women at term and 30 control subjects. Prolactin which was immunologically similar to the human prolactin standard was detected by radioimmunoassay in the CSF of most of these subjects. Elevated serum and CSF PRL concentrations were found in three pregnant subjects and in twelve patients with putuitary tumors. Ten patients with pituitary tumors had serum PRL concentrations greater than their corresponding CSF PRL levels. A significant correlation was noted between the elevated serum and CSF prolactin levels in the twelve hyperprolactinemic patients which suggested that the CSF prolactin concentration was influenced by the serum PRL level. Two patients with pituitary tumor however, had CSF prolactin concentrations higher than their serum levels, which suggested that direct secretion of prolactin from the tumor to the CSF can also occur. Three patients with chromophobe adenomas had normal serum PRL concentrations and elevated CSF prolactin levels which differentiated them from fifteen patients with the primary empty sella syndrome who had normal serum and CSF prolactin levels. The finding of normal CSF prolactin levels in the primary empty sella patients argues against the postulate that the diaphragma sellae significantly influences CSF pituitary peptide concentrations.
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PMID:Cerebrospinal fluid prolactin: a reflection of abnormal prolactin secretion in patients with pituitary tumors. 100 15

The diagnostic value of CSF lactate dehydrogenase and aspartate transaminase in cases of brain tumours (except for CSF AST in the benign tumours), congenital hydrocephalus, and brain abscess is established. Tumour cyst fluids show a higher enzymatic activity than does the CSF. The two enzyme estimations do not help in differentiating the supratentorial from the infratentorial tumours. CSF AST is superior to CSF LD in discriminating the malignant and benign tumours, in so far as the AST is increases selectively in malignancy. Estimates of CSF LD are slightly superior to those of CSF AST, both in incidence of abnormality and the degree of their rise.
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PMID:Lactate dehydrogenase and aspartete transaminase of the cerebrospinal fluid in patients with brain tumours, congenital hydrocephalus, and brain abscess. 101 Oct 18

By the term reticulum cell sarcoma we denote any tumor composed predominantly of undifferentiated cells, some of which have the qualities of histiocytes. The origin of such CNS tumors may be traced to circulating monocytes, perithelial ro meningeal histiocytes or microgliocytes. The ubiquity of cells of the monocyte-histiocyte series allows six possibilities of CNS involvement: a) primary in the brain: b) secondarily involve the brain or spinal cord by extending from a cranial bone or vertebra to the epidural space c) rarely to involve intraneuronal tissues (lymph nodes, bone, viscera) and then later to localize to the brain substance d) to spread from brain outside the nervous system e) to evoke any one or several of the paraneoplastic diseases (polymyositis, polyneuritis, cerebellar degeneration, f) to permit widespread infections of the nervous system such as multifocal leucoencephalitis. Clinical attributes to be emphasized are the relative rarity of hematogenous metastases (2 of 121 cases), the relatively high incidence of such tumors in immunologically suppressed individuals (12 of 5000 cases), the frequency of primary tumors of CNS (23 of 144 cases), the high incidence of epidural and dural involvement from osseous lesions (13 of 121 cases); the rapid evolution of clinical phenomena; the rarity of paraneoplastic syndromes; the occasional spontaneous and frequent therapeutic regression upon x-radiation. The common invasion of pia and ependyma by the tumor cells and their natural tendency to phagocytosis opens unrealized possibilities of clinical diagnosis by cytological examination and culture of CSF. Early diagnosis by these methods permits avoidance of surgery and the use of radiation and possibly chemotherapy, which may be rewarded by symptomatic regression and potential cure.
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PMID:Certain notable clinical attributes of the histiocytic sarcomas of the central nervous system. 109 70

In a series of 180 patients affected by brain stem tumors, 70 cases of children up to 16 years are analyzed. Diagnosis was made with clinical examinations, neuroradiological tests and, in 20 cases, with surgical explorations. A description is made concerning the clinical status with regard to site, extension and features of the tumor. Then the authors analyze statistically the survival of such patients in connection with clinical symptomatology, the radiological picture, medical treatment, radiation and/or surgical therapy either in the few cases of subtotal removal of the tumors, or in the more numerous cases of palliative procedures such as intra- and extra-thecal CSF shunting.
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PMID:Follow-up study of brain stem tumors in children. 118 55


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