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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A case of multiple liver adenomatosis in a 24-year-old woman who had taken sequential (Norquential) and combined (Stediril) oral contraceptives is recounted, and 11 other published cases are summarized. The patient was hospitalized for severe epigastric pain radiating to the scapular region, suggesting liver tumor, and becoming generalized, suggesting hemoperitoneum. During laparotomy a ruptured subcapsular hematoma, a tumor 6 cm in diameter, and multiple yellow spots 2-5 cm were found. Histologically the hepatocytes contained intracellular and intravesicular fat deposits; affected cells were located in nodules but not encapsulated. Liver function was normal. 1 month later the right liver was removed, and the patient was released in 15 days. Of the 11 published cases all were isolated adenomas; 4 were simple, 3 complicated, and 3 fatal.
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PMID:[Hepatic adenomatosis and oral contraceptives. Surgical aspects]. 447 18

Norinyl 1+50 oral contraceptive pills contain 1 mg of the progestin, norethindrone, and .05 mg (or 50 mcg) of the estrogen, mestranol. These pills can either be taken in 21-day or 28-day therapy cycles. This dosage is low but effective. Oral contraception is supposed to prevent pregnancy by suppressing ovulation and by causing changes in the endometrium and cervical mucus. Contraindications are: 1) a history of thrombosis or cerebral disorders, 2) liver dysfunction, 3) suspected breast cancer, 4) suspected estrogen-dependent neoplasia, and 5) undiagnosed abnormal genital bleeding. Close surveillance of women taking oral contraceptives is recommended. The areas to be closely examined periodically are listed. Adverse reactions and warning signs are enumerated. A warning is issued of increased risk of the following conditions due to oral contraceptive therapy: 1) thrombotic disorders, 2) neuroocular lesions, and 3) fluid retention and hypertension.
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PMID:Avoidance of dual publication. Statement by the Council of Biology Editors. 468 30

This study assesses the influence of 2 popular oral contraceptive (OC) agents that seem to act like progesterone in the induction of mammary cancer in rats. 35 day old rats were maintained on a diet of Wayne Lab-Blox ad lib, which was tested by the manufacturer for freedom from estrogen. At 48 days, 1/2 of the rats were subjected to bilateral oophorectomy. At 49 days, all of the animals except the control group were started on one of the 2 OCs, either Enovid or Norlestrin at 2 different dosages. On the day after the last dose of the contraceptive, 8 mg of the carcinogen DMBA [7, 12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene], dissolved in 1 ml of sesame oil was administered by intragastric installation. The experimental period was 195 +or- 1 day. Body weight, vaginal cytology, capacity of the dosages of each contraceptive to maintain growth, and tumor histology were measured. The low dosage range of 0.25 mg daily of both OCs increased the occurrence of mammary carcinoma in intact animals by an equal degree, from an average of 44.5% in the control group to 81% in the test group. No differences were seen in any of the oophorectomized animals since oophorectomy interfered with the influence of OC pretreatment. All the test rats were found to be in estrus within 2 days after the beginning of contraceptive feeding. A depression in the slope of weight was found during the period of contraceptive feeding. There was no pattern of difference among the type of tumors seen. Mammary cancer developed more often after 8 mg of DMBA than it did in the control group. This effect was not seen when 1 mg of either contraceptive was given. Progestational activity of these contraceptives was not discernible in the vaginal cytology.
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PMID:Influence of two contraceptives on induction of mammary cancer in rats. 586 77

A 21-year-old woman presented with a 12-month history of epigastric pain, and for 3 months she had noticed a mass in the right hypochondrium. She had taken 'Norinyl-1' (norethisterone 1 mg and mestranol 50 mcg) for 5 years. She smoked 20 cigarettes a day but drank little alcohol. Physical examination revealed irregular hard hepatomegaly 10 cm below the right costal margin. Hepatitis B surface antigen was not detected in the serum and alpha fetoprotein levels were normal ( 10 M.R.C. units). A liver scan showed a large space-occupying lesion in the right lobe of the liver, and liver biopsy revealed a cholangicarcinoma with striking fibrous reaction. Multiple shadows consistent with metastases were present on chest X-ray, but no bony deposits were found on radiological skeletal survey or bone scan. The serum calcium was persistently high (2.74-2.92 mmol/l) but fell on prednisolone therapy. Serum parathyroid hormone levels were normal. A causal relation between oral contraceptives and hepatic adenoma is now generally accepted, and several patients with hepatocellular carcinoma have also been reported. We have been able to find only 1 previous report of cholangiocarcinoma in a young female taking oral contraceptives, and there is 1 report of this tumor in a man taking high doses of anabolic steroids for refractory anemia. This tumor has its peak incidence in the 6th decade and is very rare in the 3rd decade. The association with hypercalcemia due to pseudohyperparathyroidism is well recognized. In only some cases are parathyroid hormone levels raised, and the cause of the pseudohypercalcemia in our patient is unknown.
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PMID:Cholangiocarcinoma and oral contraceptives. 610 61

We have adapted an Ortho ICP-22 flow cytometer (Ortho Instruments, Westwood MA) for the simultaneous measurement of three independent fluorochromes and cell volume. This has been accomplished by the addition of a third photomultiplier tube and the development of a new electronic cell volume (ECV) flow cell. Cells are first analyzed as they pass through the 100 U ECV aperture and are then excited approximately 15 musec later by the 365 nm mercury are beam reflected by a 400 nm dicroic mirror. Independent blue, green and red signals can be associated by a delay circuit to the ECV signal from the same cell. We have developed this system as an aid in the analysis of tumor cell and macrophage heterogeneity and differentiation. The choice of stain combinations to be used is extremely flexible and permits the analysis of a wide range of enzyme activities in conjunction with DNA/RNA and phagocytic probes. Data presented indicates the value of this approach in identifying the presence of plasminogen activator-like activity in both tumor and inflammatory cells within a malignant effusion as well as the quantitative expression of a number of markers of macrophage differentiation. Although the described techniques have been developed on a mercury arc instrument, they can be used equally well with cell sorters.
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PMID:Simultaneous three color and electronic cell volume analysis with a single UV excitation source. 618 88

The aim of this study is to report on Aminoglutethimide-induced hormonal modifications in advanced breast cancer. Estradiol (E2), Testosterone (T), Dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEA(s] and Aldosterone (A) were determined before, and once every two weeks during treatment with Aminoglutethimide plus Hydrocortisone in 13 menopausal women with advanced breast cancer. The patients were selected either for their E2 and P4-receptor-positive in the original tumor or in metastases or by presenting objective clinical improvement to prior endocrine treatment. On the basis of the response to treatment the patients may be classified in two groups: 1) responders (n = 7) and 2) non-responders. No significant modifications of T concentrations were obtained in group 1 until after the first 8 months of treatment. One spontaneous menopausal patient with a T basal value of 0.80 ng/ml was evaluated during 12 months of treatment. From month 8, T diminished to values below 0.30 ng/ml, indicating a direct action of Aminoglutethimide, hydrocortisone or both drugs on ovarian steroidogenesis. The results obtained from the remaining hormonal parameters, evaluated in all the cases beginning from the second week of treatment, remained unchanged throughout the entire period of study. They were as follows: 1) E2 diminished with respect to basal values between 36 and 60%, thus confirming Aminoglutethimide inhibitory effect upon peripheral aromatization; 2) DHEA(s) diminished between 80 and 90%, indicating an adrenal inhibition due to the combined effect of both drugs, and 3) Aldosterone diminished to values between 80 and 110 pg/ml, these values being within the normal lower range.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Preliminary study of hormone determinations during aminoglutethimide therapy for advanced breast cancer. 623 71

An obese 28-year old woman presented at the Royal Victoria Hospital on February 23, 1978 because of upper abdominal pain of 2 days duration. The patient had previously given birth 10 years ago and had since been taking an oral contraceptive (OC) containing 0.25 mg d-norgestrel and 0.05 mg ethinyl estradiol (Ovral). She had iron deficiency anemia at age 12, smoked 3 packs of cigarettes/week, rarely consumed alcoholic beverages and was not under any medication. Physical and laboratory examinations revealed a large liver tumor. Angiography and needle biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of hepatocellular adenoma (HCA). Resection was not indicated because of the size of the tumor. OCs were discontinued. Tubal ligation was performed 2 months later as the patient desired no further pregnancies. Complete regression of the tumor over a 12-month period was confirmed by subsequent scintiscans. This case shows that even large HCAs can regress completely with no therapy other than OC withdrawal, confirming the suggestions of others that simple observation after OC withdrawal may be preferable to resection in minimally symptomatic HCAs. A frequent histologic finding both in OC-associated HCA and in normal liver surrounding HCAs is marked sinusoidal dilatation, which suggests a general effect of estrogen therapy. Further studies should be done to determine the mechanisms by which OCs produce these changes and to define their clinical importance. The role of radionuclide imaging techniques, percutaneous liver biopsy, and angiography in the diagnosis of HCAs are very briefly described.
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PMID:Complete regression of hepatocellular adenoma after withdrawal of oral contraceptives. 627 17

The authors studied immunohistochemical localization of estradiol and ultrastructure in 11 ovarian granulosa cell tumors in an effort to establish the cellular source of increased estrogen in patients with granulosa cell tumors. Estradiol was identified by the immunoperoxidase method in 10 tumors, and staining was confined to scattered groups of granulosa cells or isolated granulosa cells. The majority of tumor cells in all 5 cases examined by electron microscopy were undifferentiated cells, but in 2 cases, a small percentage of tumor cells contained mitochondria with tubular cristae and well-developed smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Interpreted in conjunction with in vitro studies of granulosa cells, the results suggest that neoplastic granulosa cells may resemble ovarian follicular granulosa cells of all stages of maturation and are capable of estrogen production.
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PMID:Ovarian granulosa cell tumors--immunohistochemical localization of estradiol and ultrastructure, with functional correlations. 633 59

Peripheral blood mononuclear lymphocytes (PBL) from thermal injury patients were examined for their ability to mediate spontaneous (NK) cytotoxic activity against K562 tumor cells. NK cell numbers were quantitated in burn patients using the fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated monoclonal antibody Leu-7 and an Ortho cell sorter. NK activity of burn patients was only 30% of control levels. Thus, at a 50:1 effector:target cell ratio, burn patients' PBL gave a mean of 18% killing as compared to 60% killing mediated by control PBL (14 individuals). Pretreatment of PBL with interferon-gamma or interferon-alpha enhanced NK activity of normal PBL but had no effect on the NK activity of PBL from burn patients. The number of cells bearing antigen recognized by Leu-7 was variable in burn patients, with some patients having decreased (less than 5%), normal (8-10%), or elevated (20-40%) numbers of Leu-7 bearing PBL. No differences were observed in the total numbers of PBL in burn patients when compared to control individuals. These results indicate that NK activity does not correlate with the percentage of Leu-7 bearing cells present in PBL and that the inability of thermal injury patients to mediate normal NK function may contribute to their susceptibilities to viral infections.
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PMID:Natural killer cell defects resulting from thermal injury. 642 55

Flow-cytometric DNA analyses of single cell nuclei were performed on nuclear suspensions prepared from biopsies of primary breast carcinomas in 638 patients. Propidium-iodide-stained cell nuclei were analysed in an Ortho 50-H Cytofluorograph. The patients were staged by the TMN classification. Sixty percent of all the patients had aneuploid primary breast carcinomas; of size T1, T2, T3, and T4 tumors, 51%, 63%, 67%, and 75% were aneuploid, respectively. The proportions of aneuploid tumors in each of the tumor stages SI, SII, SIII, and SIV were 47%, 62%, 67%, and 69%, respectively. This trend to increasing aneuploidy proportions with more advanced disease was significant in contrast to the degree of aneuploidy found in relation to axillary nodal tumor involvement. Multiple aneuploid cell populations were found in 109 (17%) tumors. With a mean follow-up time of 16 months, 92 patients have relapsed out of 540 completely staged patients with unilateral breast cancer with no distant metastases at the time of initial treatment. When the influence of various treatments and tumor stage are not considered, the recurrence rate was twice as high among patients with aneuploid primary tumors than among patients with euploid tumors. The differences in relapsing rates among patients with euploid and aneuploid primary tumors decreased with more advanced disease. Out of 170 patients with T1 tumors, 17 relapsed and 16 of these were aneuploid. No such difference in relapse rate in relation to ploidy was, however, found in patients with more advanced primary disease.
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PMID:Flow-cytometric DNA analysis in primary breast carcinomas and clinicopathological correlations. 646 79


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