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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This article presents the case of a 30-year-old woman who developed halo cutaneous melanoma. She had been taking oral contraceptives (Norinyl) for about 5 years before diagnosis. Following wide excision of the melanoma, the patient remained clinically free of tumor for 5 years. However, in a subsequent pregnancy, she developed metastases to the liver that became evident in the immediate postpartum period. Long-term survival associated with cutaneous hypopigmentation has been reported and occurred in this patient. There is considerable debate as to whether oral contraceptives or pregnancy can influence the occurrence and course of melanoma. Also unclear is whether oral contraceptive use or a subsequent pregnancy in women with a history of melanoma will accelerate the growth of latent metastases, stimulate a benign pigmented lesion to become malignant, or cause a previously removed melanoma to recur and metastasize. Given the lack of uncertainty in this area, it is recommended that women with a history of melanoma use a nonhormonal method of contraception. Frequent follow up and thorough physical examinations during pregnancy are essential, and any suspicious skin lesions should be biopsied early. To better answer the questions raised by cases such as this, establishment of an organized mechanism for the registry of patients with melanoma who subsequently become pregnant is suggested. A cooperative prospective melanoma study could accumulate the necessary data on tumor site and thickness, staging, parity, and the use of hormonal contraception.
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PMID:Pregnancy and hormonal influences on malignant melanoma. 381 62

Two cases of facial nerve neurinoma (VII-Nm) were reported. The first case is a 41-year-old man who had 16 years of history of slowly progressive right facial palsy and hearing disturbance. The tumor originated in horizontal portion of the right facial nerve, and extended epidurally into the middle cranial fossa, as well as medially along the facial canal to the C-P angle. The second case is a 55-year-old man with 16 years of history of progressive right facial palsy which was followed by hearing disturbance. The tumor was found in the vertical portion of the right facial nerve, expanding in the petrous bone. Both tumors were removed surgically. 116 VII-Nm were reported in the literature including our 2 cases. Most were reported in the ENT field, and only 11 cases in the neurosurgical field. Facial palsy or hearing disturbance is the initial symptom, depending on the site of origin in the facial nerve. VII-Nm can originate in any part of the facial nerve. The most common part of origin is the vertical portion where the tumor tends to expand locally, but it may extend extracranially along the facial canal. The tumor which originates in the tympanic portion tends to extend into the middle ear cavity. The tumor originating in the horizontal portion extends to the epidural space in the middle cranial fossa and/or medially along the facial canal. VII-Nm in the cisternal portion of the facial nerve extends to the posterior cranial fossa and produces the signs of C-P angle tumor. Unlike the acoustic neurinoma, VII-Nm is associated with marked facial palsy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Facial nerve neurinoma--report of 2 cases]. 399 Sep 6

The rationale for studying nuclear DNA may be its direct relationship to the aggressiveness of cancer. Recent flow cytometric studies (FCM) of cancer cells show the limitation of the current methods for the accurate determination of the degree of aneuploidy or proliferative characteristics of a tumor cell. Here we report a new methodology for a computerized determination which is well correlated with relative mean DNA content in cell populations analyzed by FCM (heterogeneity index, HI). A total of seventy-six tissue samples were examined. Twenty-two specimens were benign tissue while fifty-four were histologically malignant bladder tumors. Forty tumors were grade (G)I-II, ten G-III, and four carcinoma in situ. The samples were mechanically minced into a single cell suspension and stained with propidium iodide. An Ortho system 50-H multiparameter flow cytometer equipped with an Ortho 2150 computer was used to determine DNA content and cell number. HI was calculated using the following formulas: (formula; see text) The mean HIS of twenty-two normal and benign tissues was 9.805 +/- 5.6. The forty G-II tumors had a mean HIS of 23.576 +/- 26.519. Statistical differences were observed between benign tissue and G-I-II tumors (P = 0.0196). G-III tumors had a marked increase in HIS of 160.965 +/- 63.404. The limited study of four carcinoma in situ tumors showed a mean HIS of 45.4 +/- 9.5. Our computer extrapolation of flow cytometric DNA analysis quantifies an objective description of FCM characteristics and histochemical index which may distinguish the degree of tumor malignancy.
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PMID:Heterogeneity index score (HIS). New computerized method for classification of human bladder carcinomas using flow cytometry. 404 13

7 case reports of women with benign hepatic adenoma suggest that, since all of the women were taking oral contraceptives (OCs), there may be an association between ingestion of exogenous hormones and development of benign hepatoma of the liver. The cases were rapidly diagnosed by using hepatic arteriography; prompt, precise diagnosis is emphasized because, though the tumors are benign, they may cause serious, if not fatal, hemorrhage if left unchecked. Case 1 was a 26-year-old woman who had taken Enovid for 2 years, who presented with acute abdomen and impending shock. Coliotomy was performed, in which a left-lobe hepatic tumor was found; she underwent left hepatectomy and cholecystectomy and no evidence of recurrence was found 1 year later. Case 2 had been taking Oracon for a unknown time. Case 3, on OCs for 6 years, had a pedunculated mobile tumor removed. Case 4, 25 years old, had been taking Ovral for 6 months before diagnosis and excision of a right lobe liver tumor. Case 5, 5 years on combined OCs, required surgical intervention for a hypervascular mass. Case 6, taking a total of 8 years of OC therapy, was operated on for an hepatic mass which was a white-to-yellow hemorrhagic mass. Case 7, taking Enovid for 7 years, yielded a surgical specimen that was hemorrhagic, partly necrotic, and yellow-tan, about 10 cm in diameter.
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PMID:Possible association between benign hepatomas and oral contraceptives. 412 57

Norinyl 1+50 oral contraceptive pills contain 1 mg of the progestin, norethindrone, and .05 mg (or 50 mcg) of the estrogen, mestranol. These pills can either be taken in 21-day or 28-day therapy cycles. This dosage is low but effective. Oral contraception is supposed to prevent pregnancy by suppressing ovulation and by causing changes in the endometrium and cervical mucus. Contraindications are: 1) a history of thrombosis or cerebral disorders, 2) liver dysfunction, 3) suspected breast cancer, 4) suspected estrogen-dependent neoplasia, and 5) undiagnosed abnormal genital bleeding. Close surveillance of women taking oral contraceptives is recommended. The areas to be closely examined periodically are listed. Adverse reactions and warning signs are enumerated. A warning is issued of increased risk of the following conditions due to oral contraceptive therapy: 1) thrombotic disorders, 2) neuroocular lesions, and 3) fluid retention and hypertension.
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PMID:Avoidance of dual publication. Statement by the Council of Biology Editors. 468 30

This study assesses the influence of 2 popular oral contraceptive (OC) agents that seem to act like progesterone in the induction of mammary cancer in rats. 35 day old rats were maintained on a diet of Wayne Lab-Blox ad lib, which was tested by the manufacturer for freedom from estrogen. At 48 days, 1/2 of the rats were subjected to bilateral oophorectomy. At 49 days, all of the animals except the control group were started on one of the 2 OCs, either Enovid or Norlestrin at 2 different dosages. On the day after the last dose of the contraceptive, 8 mg of the carcinogen DMBA [7, 12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene], dissolved in 1 ml of sesame oil was administered by intragastric installation. The experimental period was 195 +or- 1 day. Body weight, vaginal cytology, capacity of the dosages of each contraceptive to maintain growth, and tumor histology were measured. The low dosage range of 0.25 mg daily of both OCs increased the occurrence of mammary carcinoma in intact animals by an equal degree, from an average of 44.5% in the control group to 81% in the test group. No differences were seen in any of the oophorectomized animals since oophorectomy interfered with the influence of OC pretreatment. All the test rats were found to be in estrus within 2 days after the beginning of contraceptive feeding. A depression in the slope of weight was found during the period of contraceptive feeding. There was no pattern of difference among the type of tumors seen. Mammary cancer developed more often after 8 mg of DMBA than it did in the control group. This effect was not seen when 1 mg of either contraceptive was given. Progestational activity of these contraceptives was not discernible in the vaginal cytology.
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PMID:Influence of two contraceptives on induction of mammary cancer in rats. 586 77

A 21-year-old woman presented with a 12-month history of epigastric pain, and for 3 months she had noticed a mass in the right hypochondrium. She had taken 'Norinyl-1' (norethisterone 1 mg and mestranol 50 mcg) for 5 years. She smoked 20 cigarettes a day but drank little alcohol. Physical examination revealed irregular hard hepatomegaly 10 cm below the right costal margin. Hepatitis B surface antigen was not detected in the serum and alpha fetoprotein levels were normal ( 10 M.R.C. units). A liver scan showed a large space-occupying lesion in the right lobe of the liver, and liver biopsy revealed a cholangicarcinoma with striking fibrous reaction. Multiple shadows consistent with metastases were present on chest X-ray, but no bony deposits were found on radiological skeletal survey or bone scan. The serum calcium was persistently high (2.74-2.92 mmol/l) but fell on prednisolone therapy. Serum parathyroid hormone levels were normal. A causal relation between oral contraceptives and hepatic adenoma is now generally accepted, and several patients with hepatocellular carcinoma have also been reported. We have been able to find only 1 previous report of cholangiocarcinoma in a young female taking oral contraceptives, and there is 1 report of this tumor in a man taking high doses of anabolic steroids for refractory anemia. This tumor has its peak incidence in the 6th decade and is very rare in the 3rd decade. The association with hypercalcemia due to pseudohyperparathyroidism is well recognized. In only some cases are parathyroid hormone levels raised, and the cause of the pseudohypercalcemia in our patient is unknown.
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PMID:Cholangiocarcinoma and oral contraceptives. 610 61

We have adapted an Ortho ICP-22 flow cytometer (Ortho Instruments, Westwood MA) for the simultaneous measurement of three independent fluorochromes and cell volume. This has been accomplished by the addition of a third photomultiplier tube and the development of a new electronic cell volume (ECV) flow cell. Cells are first analyzed as they pass through the 100 U ECV aperture and are then excited approximately 15 musec later by the 365 nm mercury are beam reflected by a 400 nm dicroic mirror. Independent blue, green and red signals can be associated by a delay circuit to the ECV signal from the same cell. We have developed this system as an aid in the analysis of tumor cell and macrophage heterogeneity and differentiation. The choice of stain combinations to be used is extremely flexible and permits the analysis of a wide range of enzyme activities in conjunction with DNA/RNA and phagocytic probes. Data presented indicates the value of this approach in identifying the presence of plasminogen activator-like activity in both tumor and inflammatory cells within a malignant effusion as well as the quantitative expression of a number of markers of macrophage differentiation. Although the described techniques have been developed on a mercury arc instrument, they can be used equally well with cell sorters.
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PMID:Simultaneous three color and electronic cell volume analysis with a single UV excitation source. 618 88

There have been many reports of late regarding the safety and effectiveness of injectable contraceptives, yet there is still considerable confusion and uncertainty. The attempt is made in this discussion to clarify the issues by outlining the results of recent research in animal and human subjects. The current state of knowledge on injectable hormonal contraceptives is summarized. Attention is directed to the following: injectable preparations available for contraception; animal studies; human studies (pharmacology, effectiveness, bleeding problems, metabolic effects, neoplasia, return of fertility, and effects on progeny). Some data from animal studies have raised concern about the possible carcinogenicity of depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) and norethisterone enanthate (NET-EN), but certain animal models used appear to be inappropriate for studying the effects of these steroids in human subjects. A large number of clinical trials, including multicenter studies organized by the World Health Organization (WHO) have been carried out in many countries with both DMPA and NET-EN. The 2 steroid preparations have a similar mechanism of action in inhibiting gonadotropin production by the pituitary gland, which thus prevents ovulation. They do, however, show certain pharmacological differences. The differences in formulation are reflected in the levels of steroid found in the blood. From both DMPA and NET-EN the continuation rates have been found to vary markedly among different populations, ranging from 15% to nearly 90% at 1 year. Pregnancy rates (method failures) have been consistently low with DMPA, less than 1 pregnancy/100 woman years of use. The pregnancy rate reported with NET-EN has varied according to the interval between injections. A dose of 200 mg every 12 weeks resulted in a pregnancy rate considered to be unacceptably high (3.6/100 woman years) in 1 clinical trial undertaken by WHO. A more frequent administration of NET-EN in the same trial resulted in a pregnancy rate of less than 1/100 woman years at 18 months. The majority of women who receive DMPA or NET-EN experience some disruption of their normal menstrual cycle, defined as a cycle of 26-35 days' duration in which bleeding/spotting lasts for 2-8 weeks. Women frequently report irregular bleeding, spotting, and amenorrhea, but heavy or prolonged bleeding is uncommon. DMPA and NET-EN appear to be acceptable methods of fertility regulation.
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PMID:Facts about injectable contraceptives: memorandum from a WHO meeting. 621 18

Hematoporphyrin derivative-photoradiation therapy (HPD-PRT) of human malignancy has been performed on 267 tumor sites in 50 patients. Tumor response has been assayed at 24 hours and one month following treatment with 625-635 nm light from an argon laser-pumped dye laser. The majority of tumors treated were dermal breast cancer recurrences (21 cases), local recurrence of ENT squamous cell carcinomas (16 cases), and ENT cutaneous metastases of squamous cell carcinomas (9 cases). A 30-day favorable response was judged to be either complete regression of the tumor or reduction of tumor diameter by greater than 50%. The above categories of tumors had a combined favorable response of 81%. Appropriate dosimetry is discussed.
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PMID:Laser photoradiation therapy of cancer following hematoporphyrin sensitization. 621 88


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