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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Infection from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is well known for the particular host susceptibility to a variety of opportunistic infections and unusual malignant neoplasms. Although no tumor develops exclusively in concomitance with HIV infection, malignancies in these patients have different clinical behaviour, response to treatment and prognosis than the pattern observed in HIV negative hosts. Kaposi's sarcoma (EKS) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) are tumors per se diagnostic of AIDS in patients with HIV infection. From 1987 to 1991, 210 HIV positive patients underwent ENT examination without symptom-related selection: 128 were intravenous drug users, 50 homosexual males, 22 heterosexuals, 4 intravenous male homosexual drug users, 3 blood recipients and 3 subjects without known risk factors. Sixteen were allocated in group II, 37 in III, 9 in IV A, 2 in IV B, 31 in IV C1, 37 in IV C2, 48 in IV D and 30 in IV E. Fourteen had head and neck EKS localization. All were males, with a median age of 40 of which 11/14 were homosexuals. The concomitant involvement of skin and mucosa was the most common manifestation and the palate was the most frequently affected mucosal site. Twenty-four had NHL localized within the head and neck: 21 males and 4 females with a average age of 38, 10 intravenous drug users, 9 homosexual males, 3 heterosexuals, 1 blood recipient, 1 subject without known risk factors. Extranodal localization was the most frequent characteristic while the gums were the most commonly involved site. The main characteristics of head and neck manifestations of EKS and NHL are reported with references to literature. The majority of HIV infected patients with EKS or NHL have ENT localizations, perhaps because lymphatic tissue, a HIV target, is well represented in this area and contamination by infectious agents (such as Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus, probably involved in the pathogenesis of EKS and NHL) can easily occur in the head and neck. The otolaryngologist should be aware of the various, and sometimes misleading, characteristics of these diseases.
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PMID:[The cervicofacial manifestations of Kaposi's sarcoma and of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in HIV-infected patients]. 141 19

During the years 1977-1986 84 patients with the parotid tumor were treated in ENT Clinic in Lublin. 16.6% of tumors were malignant. The surgical procedure was performed in 74 cases (84.5%). There were the removal of tumor with or without the parotid gland resections. In all cases of resection the facial nerve was saved. In malignant tumor cases the radiotherapy followed the surgery. 13 patients with poor health conditions were treated without surgery. The early and late results were described.
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PMID:[Results of the treatment of parotid gland tumors]. 164 91

After a review of the literature, the authors present 20 cases of parapharyngeal tumors which were operated on over the past 13 years at the ENT Clinic of the University of Florence. Although diagnosis is generally made quite late, great improvement has been achieved with the new "imaging" techniques. New and better information has made it possible to choose the most suitable surgical approach. In such cases neoplasm is most frequently observed in young adults; they prove benign in most cases and are of varying oncotypes--most often of a salivary gland or neurogenic origin. Diagnosis is performed by a CT scanner with an intravenous contrast medium and by angiography of the carotid artery. More recently CT sialography and MRI have also been used. The surgical technique (transoral, transcervical, transparotid and transmandibular excision, alone or combined) was chosen according to localization, size and vascularity. Follow-up data show a high incidence of recovery (85%) with acceptable functional results.
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PMID:[Tumors of the lateral parapharyngeal space. Our case series]. 165 26

We report three patients with metastases to the ENT-region mimicking a primary malignant tumour. A 36-year-old woman presented with vertigo, sudden hearing loss, partial facial palsy and headaches. CT scan suggested a meningioma or an acoustic neuroma. Histological examination of the neoplasm removed surgically showed a metastasis from an amelanotic melanoma. A 38-year-old woman with nodules in the tongue had dysphagia. The history revealed that she had been treated successfully with chemotherapy for a carcinoma of the uterine cervix one year ago. Histological examination of a tongue biopsy showed a metastasis from the uterine carcinoma. The primary tumour was in complete remission. The third patient was treated for recurrent epistaxis. Physical examination showed a tumour in the right nasal cavity. A CT scan showed a tumour of the ethmoid cells and of the maxillary sinus, protruding into the nose. Histology and immunohistology proved a metastasis from a primary carcinoma of the liver. Ultrasound and CT scan of the liver confirmed the diagnosis.
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PMID:[Metastasis to the ENT area]. 165 38

In March 1989, ultrasonography revealed a hepatic mass in a 40 year old nulliparous woman who was then referred to the University of Southern California--Los Angeles (UCLA) Liver Unit. She exhibited no symptoms of a liver condition. From 19-28 years old, she took the combined oral contraceptive (OC) Ovulen 21 for irregular menses. After a brief period of taking Ortho Novum 1/80, she took Demulen 1/35-24 between ages 28-34. Her physician diagnoses endometriosis at 34. He stopped OC therapy and prescribed the progestin Norlutate. She had no history of hepatitis, toxin exposure, and previous liver disease. Further no one in her family had had liver disease or neoplasms. Computer tomography identified a 6.5 cm x 3.5 cm mass in the right lobe of the liver which matched a cold defect on a liver scan using technetium Tc 99m sulfur colloid. The mass selectively took up gallium. Arteriography revealed the mass to be a vascular tumor, but it did not exhibit a typical vascular pattern of an adenoma or the neovascularity of hepatocellular carcinoma. Physicians at UCLA used peritoneoscopy to take percutaneous needle biopsies of the right lobe which confirmed a hepatic adenoma. they then removed the right lobe of the liver. The remaining part of the liver was normal. Histologic examinations of the removed section showed features of a well differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma. Further tumor cells had invaded normal hepatic parenchyma. The physicians believed that hepatic adenoma was in the process of transforming into hepatocellular carcinoma in this patient. They thought that long term OC use, and possibly long term progestin use, may have contributed to the formation of the liver neoplasms. They emphasized the need for a pilot study to develop guidelines on surveillance ultrasonography of women taking OCs over a long period.
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PMID:Hepatocellular carcinoma coexisting with hepatic adenoma. Incidental discovery after long-term oral contraceptive use. 166 98

Tumor involvement of the carotid artery with head and neck cancers may be present either simultaneously with the primary lesion or more often appears at a later date following resection of the primary tumor. Management of the secondary tumor consists of its resection together with the involved carotid artery with or without carotid artery reconstruction. The Authors are convinced that the best chance for cure of patients with advanced head and neck squamous cell cancers involving the carotid artery is radical extirpation with ablative surgery in the form of en block resection of the primary lesion, the secondary tumor, and the involved carotid artery followed by immediate revascularization. This bold approach was carried out in two male patients, 48 and 61 years of age, followed by chemotherapy and radiation therapy in one and radiation therapy alone in the other, with excellent results. Dermal grafts were placed over the entire length of the arterialized veins to protect them from radiation injury. Based on this limited experience and excellent results, we recommend this one-stage surgical ablative procedure in well selected patients. However, cooperation between the ENT and vascular surgeons, strict adherence to the principles and techniques of vascular surgery, and coverage of the arterialized vein with a dermal graft is absolutely essential.
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PMID:Carotid artery resection and replacement in patients with head and neck malignant tumors. 170 93

Jugular foramen tumors involve a critical area of the skull base. Usually they are characterized by palsy of the ninth, tenth, and eleventh cranial nerves. Depending on the extent of the tumor there are various approaches to the skull base and various surgical strategies to preserve the cranial nerves. The study is based on 31 patients who were operated on between 1982 and 1989 at the University ENT and Neurosurgery Departments in Freiburg and Mainz. The neurological findings were analyzed on admission, on discharge, and in the follow-up. While there was partial or complete dysfunction of the lower cranial nerves on discharge, long-term compensation was excellent. All patients were able to breath normally and maintain their weight by oral diet. Rerouting of the facial nerve endangers its postoperative function. Nevertheless, the long-term follow-up demonstrated excellent recovery and good functional and cosmetic results.
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PMID:[Functional deficits of caudal cranial nerves after surgery of tumors in the foramen jugulare. A long-term follow-up study]. 187 29

Based on the observation of a voluminous neurinoma of the carotid groove and of the posterior subparotid space, the authors highlight the wide range of parapharyngeal tumors and develop the anatomical bases which shed light on the clinical picture and guide the surgeon. The surgical indication must be put forth cautiously, taking into account the evolutive character of the tumor, the dangers it implies particular in Recklinghausen's disease. Modern radiology plays a major role in the diagnosis and treatment by perfectly visualizing the tumor, its vascularization and its relations with the walls and contents of the parapharyngeal spaces. It will supply indispensable information for directing the coordination between the ENT specialist, the vascular surgeon and the neurosurgeon.
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PMID:[Apropos of a large parapharyngeal tumor. Imaging and surgery]. 189 93

The paper reports the case of a maxillary brown tumor as early sign of primary hyperparathyroidism. Brown tumors are very unusual growths in daily ENT practice and an odd start of primary hyperparathyroidism. The AA. emphasize the importance of a correct differential diagnosis, especially with those tumors showing multinucleated giant cells (osteoclast type)--such as true giant cells tumor and central giant granuloma--prior to its management. They also comment on the interesting contribution to diagnosis by imagery brought by CT scan, magnetic resonance (MR), ultrasonography (echography) and digital subtraction gammagraphy to attain the topographic site of the parathyroid tumor.
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PMID:[Brown tumor of the maxilla as initial manifestation of primary hyperparathyroidism]. 189 10

The nutritional and immunological status have been evaluated in 28 consecutive patients with esophageal cancer. Patients (21 male and 7 female), had a mean age of 61 years, ranging from 34 to 84 years. The tumor histological type was squamous in 25 patients. A melanoma, an oat cell carcinoma and a adenocarcinoma were observed in the remaining cases. The nutritional status was assessed by means of weight loss, triceps skinfold, midarm muscle circumference and serum levels of albumin and transferrin. On the basis of this data the patients were divided into two groups: A, 19 patients (68%), normal nourished group (or with a mild malnutrition) and B, 9 patients (32%) with a severe malnutrition. The immunological status was assessed by determining the lymphocyte absolute number (H-6000-Technicon), the T-Lymphocyte sub-populations (flow-cytometry with monoclonal antibodies--Ortho Diagnostic System) and the patient's response to intradermally placed recall antigens (Multitest Merieux). Significative immunological abnormalities were found only in malnourished patients, group B (p less than 0.05). Moreover a reduction of OKT4 helper (less than 30%) and the inversion of OKT4/OKT8 ratio (less than 0.9%) were also observed only in the malnourished group (p less than 0.01). Therefore, we conclude that acquired immunodeficiency, when present in patients with esophageal cancer, is due to the severe malnutrition rather than to the cancer itself.
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PMID:[Relationship between nutritional and immunologic status in patients with esophageal cancer]. 194


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