Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The treatment of testicular tumors is among the most impressive examples of progress in tumor chemotherapy. At present, a complete remission can be achieved with the world-wide adopted standard therapy Cisplatinum/Vinblastine/Bleomycin in 50-80% of the cases. Whether these remissions are equivalent to healing remains to be established in long-term studies; at any rate, they are long-term palliations. Main problems of further research are the high-risk patients. Approaches to reach complete remissions and thus long-term palliations or healing, consist in increase of combination, dose escalation with Cisplatinum, introduction of novel substances (Etoposide, Ifosfamide etc.). The latter field is scientifically underdeveloped, as is the field of second- and third-order therapy. After all, chemotherapy of testicular tumors--similarly as treatment of leukemia--is an oncological intensive therapy that should be restricted to specialized centers.
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PMID:[Chemotherapy alternatives, problems and outlook in testicular tumors]. 354 39

VP-16-213 (Etoposide) is an active antineoplastic agent which has undergone extensive evaluation of clinical dose escalation. To corroborate a putative dose-response relationship, we studied, in a modified clonogenic assay, various doses and durations of exposure. VP-16-213 at doses of 0.01, 0.05, 0.10, 0.50, 1.0, 5.0, and 10.0 micrograms/ml, each with exposure durations of 1, 3, 18, and 30 h, was studied in vitro against two human tumor cell lines, MOLT and 9812. The doses and durations of exposure were chosen to approximate some of the pharmacokinetic values achievable in either standard-dose or high-dose clinical studies. The results, summarized as linear regression lines, demonstrate with statistical significance (p less than 0.03) that there is correlation between dose and cytotoxicity and between dose X duration of exposure (representing the area under the concentration-time curve) and cytotoxicity. Our in vitro data thus support the concept of intensive use of VP-16-213 to maximize antitumor activity. However, how best to accomplish the manipulation of dose and duration of exposure is not yet clear and will be the subject of future clinical investigations.
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PMID:In vitro pharmacodynamic evaluation of VP-16-213 and implications for chemotherapy. 358 18

We report a case of rhabdomyosarcoma of the prostate. The patient was a 56-year-old man who complained of anal pain and dysuria. Tumor of the prostate was suspected after rectal examination. Multiple metastatic lesions were found in the lungs and liver. A needle biopsy of the prostate revealed rhabdomyosarcoma. He received chemotherapy, using Etoposide and responded slightly. Subsequently VAC-therapy was also performed. Although the patient improved temporarily, he died 4 months after admission.
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PMID:[Rhabdomyosarcoma of the prostate]. 375 81

The study dealt with anti-tumor and adverse effects of etoposide and cisplatin on human choriocarcinoma cell line (GCH-1) transplantable in nude mice in relation to the rate of their uptake into tumor tissue. Nude mice were divided into 3 groups (etoposide, cisplatin and MTX-group), 7 to 9 per group and received drug treatment which started when their tumor grew to 100 approximately 300 mm3 in volume. All drugs were intraperitoneally administrated to nude mice (each drug: 1/4 mouse LD50 dose X3, weekly). The inhibiting action on the tumor was observed to be etoposide greater than cisplatin greater than MTX. The body weight loss of nude mice was observed to at its maximum in the cisplatin-treated group. The serum beta-HCG level did not rise in the drug-treated groups but rose in the non-treated control group. No histopathological changes characteristic of each drug were found. A concentration of etoposide and cisplatin in various tissues was serially measured after one shot intraperitoneal injection of etoposide 25 mg/kg or cisplatin 5 mg/kg. Etoposide reached its peak concentration after 30 minutes in tumor, liver and kidney and, after 4 hours, was left with 37.1%, 10.4% and 2.3% concentrations after 30 minutes in tumor, liver and kidney, respectively. Cisplatin showed similar kinetics, but was found to remain at a comparatively high concentration in both liver and kidney. Thus, it was demonstrated that etoposide and cisplatin were active against the human choriocarcinoma cell line. Furthermore, the less adverse effect of etoposide was felt to be partially due to its lower residue in liver and kidney.
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PMID:[Anti-tumor and adverse effect of etoposide and cisplatin on human choriocarcinoma transplanted to nude mice--a correlation between effect and tissue distribution of the drugs]. 379 52

A Phase II clinical trial of NK 171 (Etoposide), a semisynthetic podophyllotoxin, was undertaken in 56 patients with advanced malignant lymphoma and 36 patients with acute leukemia. The dosage of NK 171 was 110-130 mg/m2 day p.o. or 80-100 mg/m2 day i.v. for 5 consecutive days. Of the 92 patients, 23.9% obtained a complete or partial remission. By tumor type, good responses were obtained in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (34%, 17/50), Hodgkin's disease (25%, 1/4), AML (21.4%, 3/14), and CML-BC (25%, 1/4). Side effects included leukopenia (78.4%), alopecia (62.0%), anorexia (40.2%), nausea (30.4%) thrombocytopenia (25.6%) and fever (16.3%). These results demonstrated NK 171 to be an effective agent against malignant lymphoma and acute myeloblastic leukemia.
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PMID:[Phase II study of NK 171 (etoposide) on malignant lymphomas and acute leukemia. A cooperative study group on NK 171 in hematological malignancies]. 395 73

Ten patients with urogenital tumors were treated with Etoposide. The dose schedule was 100 mg i.v. daily for 5 days and was repeated after 4-5 weeks. One patient with ureteral tumor experienced partial remission for 60 days and minor regression was achieved in 3 patients. The major side effects were leukopenia (60%) and thrombocytopenia (40%). Mean WBC nadir of 1050/mm3 occurred at 13.5 days and recovered quickly after a further 7.5 days.
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PMID:[Effect of etoposide for urogenital tumors]. 400 90

The antitumor activity of etoposide against a wide variety of transplantable tumors in mice and rats was examined. Etoposide exhibited antitumor activity by both i.p. and p.o. administrations but a much larger effect was obtained in the former case. In addition, the effective dose of etoposide was much less in i.p. administration. In order to further investigate this large difference of etoposide effect the level of etoposide in the blood was followed after administration of 3H-etoposide via i.p. and p.o. routes. Although the maximum levels for both were seen 10 to 20 min after administration, the level in i.p. administration was much higher than that in p.o. administration. For instance, the level seen for i.p. administration at 8 mg/kg was comparable to that for p.o. administration at a much higher dose of 128 mg/kg. The administration schedule dependency of etoposide antitumor activity was examined using L1210 leukemia as the target tumor. When etoposide was administered alone on day, 1, the effect was the smallest obtained in i.p. as well as in p.o. administrations among the schedules examined in this study. Under other schedules where etoposide was administered i.p. and p.o. once a day for 3, 5 and 9 consecutive days from day 1 and on every other day, that is, days 1, 3 and 5, higher antitumor effects were seen.
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PMID:[The antitumor activity of intraperitoneally- or orally-administered etoposide in animals and its administration-schedule dependency]. 407 28

Previous studies in vitro on the influence of extracellular protein binding of Teniposide (VM26) and Etoposide (VP16-213) on subsequent cellular uptake by experimental murine tumor cells [Cancer Res 38:2549 (1978); Drug Metab Rev 8:119 (1978)] suggested that a timed-sequential combination of VM26 and VP16-213 may increase the bioavailability of VP16-213. This was studied clinically in six cancer patients with ascites (five ovarian, one rectal) whereby VM26 (20 mg/m2) was given i.p. 2 h prior to VP16-213 (100 mg/m2; i.p.) In some patients, this regimen was administered i.v. The i.v. regimen was found to be more toxic (myelosuppression, nausea, vomiting) than i.p. regimen at same doses of drugs. Several patients remained stable to disease during 1-2 courses of therapy (3 weeks per course), one patient had partial remission, and has been stable in her disease for more than 4 months. In two patients, plasma and ascites fluid was analyzed for VP16-213 and VM26 by a new reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography method. Both VM26 and VP16-213 could be eluted isocratically (28% v/v acetonitrile in water) from a c18 column with retention times of 6.6 and 13.3 min, respectively. Subsequent pharmacokinetic analysis of one patient suggests that protein binding displacement of VP16-213 in plasma and perhaps ascites fluid increased the pharmacokinetic volume of distribution (28 l) and reduced the elimination half-life (12 h). The data suggests that VP16-213 is distributed more widely in the body and is represented by a single compartment pharmacokinetic model. Analysis of VM26 in ascites and plasma suggests that the so-called "deep pharmacokinetic compartment" represents ascites equivalent space and that the plasma concentration represents VM26 as free and protein-bound drug in kinetic distinguishable compartments. Determinants of drug action are potentially composed of a multiplicity of physiological, biochemical, and other factors. The potential for manipulating the pharmacodynamic properties of drugs to achieve greater therapeutic potential needs further study.
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PMID:Combination chemotherapy of the epipodophyllotoxin derivatives, teniposide and etoposide. A pharmacodynamic rationale? 708 56

A case of metastatic infantile yolk sac tumor of testis is reported herein. The patient was 23 months old with a painless swelling of the right scrotal contents. Histological examination revealed yolk sac tumor. Six months later, the serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was re-elevated and solitary lung metastasis had developed. After 4 courses of chemotherapy with cisplatin (CDDP), vincristine (VCR), methotrexate (MTX), peplomycin (PEP) and Etoposide (COMPE), serum AFP was normalized and lung metastasis disappeared. He has shown no evidence of disease for 5 years with normal physical growth. Aggressive chemotherapy including CDDP might be used for Stage III infantile testicular cancer.
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PMID:[A case of stage IIIB2 infantile yolk sac tumor of testis achieved complete remission by "COMPE" chemotherapy]. 750 67

Peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) were collected from 24 patients who were treated with high dose etoposide. Studied patients included one with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, 4 with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), 1 with myelodysplastic syndrome, 13 with lymphoma, 1 with malignant histiocytosis, 2 with myeloma, and 4 with testicular tumor. Etoposide was infused at a dose of 500 mg/m2 for 4 days, followed by subcutaneous injection of recombinant human granulocyte-colony stimulating factor from the nadir of leukocyte. PBSC were collected by processing 15-20 liters of blood apheresis in the recovery phase of chemotherapy. In all patients, the number of CFU-GM collected per aphereresis ranged from 0.01 to 59.4 x 10(5)/kg, and more than 5 x 10(5)/kg CFU-GM were collected in 19 of the patients (73%). All leukemia patients treated along with our protocols have remained in complete remission, but one patient with AML relapsed within 1 month after the treatment. Ten lymphoma patients were assessable for antitumor effect, and complete response (CR) was observed in 2, partial response (PR) was 7, and no change (NC) in one patient. Two patients with myeloma were classified to be NC. Three of the 4 patients with testicular tumor were PR, and the other one was NC. Eleven patients subsequently underwent PBSCT. The number of days required to achieve an absolute granulocyte count of 0.5 x 10(9)/l was 7 to 11 days, with a mean of 8.6.
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PMID:[Peripheral blood stem cell collection with high dose etoposide]. 754 Feb 21


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