Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To evaluate the utility of photon counting X-ray radiography (quantum radiography: QR) for the detection of pulmonary nodules, experimental and clinical studies were performed in comparison with conventional X-ray (CXR). In the experimental study, spatial resolution was analyzed by using the micro-chart method. The simulated nodule detection study was performed by using a chest phantom. The results were evaluated by means of ROC analysis. In the clinical study, both images of CXR and QR were evaluated in a case of metastatic lung tumor. In the experimental study, the spatial resolution of QR was 200 microns. QR was superior to CXR in detecting simulated nodules in all areas. In clinical cases, QR was superior to CXR in depicting not only normal structures but also retrocardiac and retrodiaphragmatic pulmonary nodules.
 ...
PMID:[Evaluation of photon-counting X-ray radiography for the detection of pulmonary nodule: a preliminary report on experimental and clinical studies]. 778 56

To evaluate the value of cytology of pure pancreatic juice (PPJ) and tumor marker determination in PPJ and serum for the diagnosis of early pancreatic cancer (EPC), PPJ was obtained endoscopically from 16 patients with EPC (< 20 mm, confined to pancreas), 16 patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP), and 20 controls. Cutoff levels of CEA, CA19-9, and POA in PPJ were set from ROC curves at 40 ng/ml, 7,500 U/ml, and 1.5 U/ml, respectively. For the differentiation of EPC from CP, the sensitivity of CEA, CA19-9, and POA was 71.4, 42.9, and 50%, respectively; specificity was 93.3, 46.7, and 80%, respectively; and diagnostic accuracy was 82.8, 44.8, and 65.5%, respectively. Determination of serum tumor markers was useless. Sensitivity of cytology was 75%, specificity was 93.8%, and diagnostic accuracy was 84.4%. Combined cytology and CEA determination in PPJ increased the diagnostic accuracy to 93.1%. The combination was useful in supporting and supplementing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) findings for the correct diagnosis in 11 and 4 patients, respectively, with EPC; in one patient EPC was correctly diagnosed on ERCP findings alone. One of 16 patients with CP showed false-positive results. We conclude that cytology and CEA determination in PPJ with ERCP is a useful combination for the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer even in early stages.
 ...
PMID:Evaluation of cytology and tumor markers of pure pancreatic juice for the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer at early stages. 784 18

In patients with breast cancer no tumor markers giving satisfactory results have been found yet. The aim of our investigation was to compare the usefulness of newly developed tumor markers with the most common used carcinoembryonic antigen and cancer antigen (CA) 15-3. We evaluated the concentrations of carcinoma-associated antigen (CA) 549, carcinoma-associated mucin antigen (CA M) 26 and CA M 29, and the proliferation markers tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) and tissue polypeptide-specific antigen (TPS) in 84 breast cancer patients with disease progression and in 69 patients with no evidence of disease after surgery for breast cancer. Using receiver-operating characteristic curves (ROC curves) we were able to demonstrate increased sensitivity and specificity of all tested tumor markers in patients with metastatic disease compared with local disease. In our investigation TPA is superior to TPS in all disease states. In local disease, none of the tested markers shows satisfying results. In metastatic disease, the new mucin markers CA M 26 and CA M 29 show slightly better results than CA 15-3 although their ROC curves are nearly congruent. CA 549 is exceeded by the other mucin markers. The best results in this investigation were obtained with CA M 29. The overall results concerning the detection of small tumor masses (i.e. local disease) were unsatisfactory.
 ...
PMID:New mucin-like cancer-associated antigens (CA M 26, CA M 29 and CA 549) and a new proliferation marker (TPS) in patients with primary or advanced breast cancer. 785 74

Echo planar MR imaging (EPI) has been developed to completely eliminate motion artifacts and is currently being prepared for implementation into clinical MR systems. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical utility of EPI in the detection of focal liver lesions and to compare EPI with in the detection of focal liver lesions and to compare EPI with contrast-enhanced CT. EPI studies were performed on an experimental 1.0 Tesla whole body system using fat-suppressed single-shot spin echo (SE) and inversion recovery (IR) pulse sequences. A total of 26 liver tumors in 12 patients scheduled for liver resection were prospectively examined and correlated with intraoperative ultrasound, surgery, and pathology as the gold standard. Quantitative analysis of EPI was performed by means of liver signal-to-noise and tumor-liver contrast-to-noise calculations. Diagnostic performance compared with contrast-enhanced CT was assessed by means of ROC analysis. Lesion-liver contrast was highest with EPI SE at a TE-time of 70 ms and this technique showed best lesion detectability as measured by area under curve (AUC) values. Among EPI techniques, the IR sequence with an inversion time of 300 ms to null the liver signal showed high lesion-liver contrast but all four reviewers reported problems assessing liver anatomy. Improved EPI techniques may prove useful for screening of focal liver lesions.
 ...
PMID:Initial feasibility studies using single-shot EPI for the detection of focal liver lesions. 786 95

The levels of urine cysteine protease (UCP) were detected in the urines of 70 gynecological cancers, 50 gynecological benign tumors and 50 normal women. The values of UCP assay of gynecological cancers were much higher than those of benign and normal samples (P < 0.01). Best cut off point for diagnosis of gynecological cancers was P95 and UCP cut off value was 0.24 pmol.min-1/L by using percentile and ROC curve. The sensitivity of UCP assay was 90%, specificity 80% and accuracy 86%. The sensitivity for ovarian cancers was 95%, but 77% and 85% for corpus and cervical cancers respectively. There were no differences between UCP and CA125 (sensitivity 85%, specificity 87%, accuracy 84%) in the diagnosis of ovarian cancers. In 7 cases of 8 cases of stage I ovarian cancers, UCP were abnormal. In 6 cases of the same group, CA125 were normal (< 35,000 U/L). So UCP may be better than CA125 in the diagnosis of early ovarian cancer. The sensitivity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isoenzyme was 75% in ovarian cancer which was lower than UCP and CA125, but the specificity 85%. LDH isoenzyme still was one of important tumor markers for diagnosis. Combined assays with UCP, CA125 and LDH isoenzyme may reach the sensitivity 96% and specificity 100% evidently. These data implied that UCP may be a good tumor marker in gynecological cancers especially for ovarian cancers in future.
 ...
PMID:[The values of urine cysteine protein activity in the diagnosis of ovarian cancer]. 803 32

We investigated tumor detectability of bronchial carcinoma using 201Tl and 99mTc-MIBI with planar scintigraphy and SPECT. We studied 30 tumor patients and 7 patients with coronary artery disease in a clinical phase III trial. The lung was partitioned into 6 areas, which were read independently, to provide a sufficiently large sample of tumor-free reference regions. We calculated the statistical power for the comparison of sensitivities at a given specificity of 95% (TPF-test) to demonstrate that the subdivision of the lung and the application of the bivariate bi-normal ROC model allows an objective assessment of diagnostic performance even for the small sample size of our study. There were no significant differences between 201Tl and 99mTc-MIBI for both observers; therefore, no advantage of 99mTc-MIBI over 201Tl for tumor scintigraphy could be demonstrated. SPECT was significantly superior to planar scintigraphy and should be preferred for tumor detection in the thorax.
 ...
PMID:[ROC analysis of tumor identification using 201Tl-(I)-chloride and 99mTc-(I)-hexakis (2-methoxy-2-isobutylisonitrile]. 813 81

The ROC analysis of optimalization of radiation treatment of cancer of the oral cavity was carried out. Material of 210 patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oral cavity was included into the study. Based on dose-response curves for tumor and late mucosal reactions, iso-utility curves and optimal k values were estimated. Optimal k values decreased from 0.792 to 0.584 with extension of overall treatment time from 35 to 49 days. It may suggest that the planning of additional dose to compensate tumor clonogens repopulation during prolonged treatment time does not improve therapeutic gain in radiotherapy for cancer of the oral cavity. The ROC is a useful model to estimate optimal radiation treatment for a given tumor because it is independent of any arbitrary consensus or theoretical assumption.
 ...
PMID:ROC analysis of benefit and limitation in radiotherapy for cancer of the oral cavity. 835 Sep 66

Are the increased values of specific tumor markers significant in monitoring colorectal adenomas at the beginning of malignant alteration? Tumor markers (CEA, CA 19-9 and CA 72-4) were determined in sera by IRMA kits. The increased levels of tumor markers CEA and CA 19-9 were statistically very significant in patients (28) with colorectal adenomas at the beginning of malignant alteration and in the group with colorectal adenocarcinomas (96). By ROC analysis the sensitivities, positive predictive values and negative predictive values of CEA and CA 19-9 were quite acceptable with high accuracies for all determined tumor markers in colorectal adenomas at the beginning of malignant alteration. Those findings suggest the importance of monitoring of colorectal tumours and precancerouses by tumor markers serum levels and it confirms the usefulness of counting results by ROC analysis.
 ...
PMID:The importance of monitoring colorectal adenomas by tumor markers (ROC analysis). 856 13

Serum tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) was measured using a newly developed Prolifigen TPA-M "Daiichi" kit in 1,236 healthy subjects, 2,867 patients with malignant tumors, and 901 with benign diseases. Because 94.0% of healthy subjects had serum TPA under 70 U/l, the cut-off value was set at 70 U/l. Serum TPA was elevated in more than 50% of patients with head and neck cancer, lung cancer, liver cancer, gallbladder or bile duct cancer, pancreatic cancer, colorectal cancer, ovarian cancer, and prostate cancer. The overall positive rate in malignant tumors was 55.5%. Serum TPA was higher in advanced cancer than in earlier stage cancer, and decreased after the resection of the tumor. The false positive rate in benign diseases was 31.3%. ROC analysis revealed the usefulness of TPA as a tumor marker in many cancers. The correlation coefficient between TPA and CYFRA 21-1, and between TPA and TPSA, was 0.747 and 0.694, respectively. In conclusion, measurement of serum TPA using the new kit is useful in the management of patients with various malignant tumors.
 ...
PMID:[Measurement of serum tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) in patients with malignant tumor using prolifigen TPA-M "Daiichi" kit]. 864 25

CA 15-3 is the most widely used tumour marker in the follow-up of patients with breast cancer. Its postoperative blood level is closely related to the response to the treatment applied and to the evolution of the disease. In this study, we assessed both the clinical and analytical features of a new microparticle enzyme immunoassay for CA 15-3 quantification in the Abbott IMx system. In the precision study, the coefficients of variation within runs, between runs and between laboratories were 3.5, 5.1 and 6.5% or less, respectively. The analytical sensitivity of the assay was 0.11 U/ml. Linear regression analyses of the IMx CA 15-3 assay with the Centocor and CIS CA 15-3 RIAs gave correlation coefficients of 0.88 and 0.95, respectively. The upper limit of the reference range, obtained from serum of healthy women, was 27.3 U/ml, while the ROC curve analysis for patients with active breast cancer compared to patients with no evidence of the disease gave an optimum cutoff of 33 U/ml (sensitivity 0.76 and specificity 0.87). The overall agreement of the three methods was over 90%.
Tumour Biol 1996
PMID:Analytical and clinical evaluation of a procedure for measuring CA 15-3 in the IMx analyser. 865 13


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>