Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Plasmatic fibronectin has been studied in tumor patients on the basis of the role that unspecific opsonin may play in tumor growth and spreading. Alterations in fibronectin levels might be used as a biological marker and our purpose has been to evaluate the significance of this test in the biological diagnosis of cancer. When comparing the levels found in the control group (22.86 +/- 1.40 mg/dl) and in tumor patients (23.80 +/- 1.90 mg/dl), we observed no difference in the overall group. However, in relation to the localization of tumors, a significant increase was found in breast cancer (31.83 +/- 3.83 mg/dl) and a significant decrease in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (9.56 +/- 1.68 mg/dl). These results suggest that plasmatic fibronectin could be useful as a biomarker in some types of tumors. Our conclusion was confirmed by analysis of ROC curves related to every one of the studied tumors.
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PMID:Plasmatic fibronectin in malignancies. 149 Nov 80

Values of CA125, CA19-9, TPA, CA72-4, BFP and LDH in sera were detected in 148 malignant ovarian tumors, 41 borderline malignant ovarian tumors, 71 benign ovarian tumors and 64 benign uterine diseases. A new cut-off value was determined by ROC graph for distinguishing malignant and borderline ovarian tumors from benign ovarian tumors. CA125 (cut off: 30 U/ml) was a highly sensitive marker for malignant and borderline malignant ovarian tumors, the value being 88.1% (52/59) and 81.8% (9/11), respectively. On the other hand, in 37 benign ovarian tumors, the positive rate was 21.6% and in 21 benign uterine diseases it was 52.4%. CA19-9 (cut off: 150 U/ml) was inferior to CA125, but it was an effective marker for mucinous ovarian tumors. TPA (cut off: 40 U/ml) was also a sensitive (84.7%, 50/59) marker of malignant ovarian tumors. CA72-4 (cut off: 4 U/ml) was a highly specific (87.0%, 60/69) marker of malignant ovarian tumors. Combination assays of CA125/CA19-9, CA125/TPA and CA125/CA72-4 were not effective. Usefulness of BFP for early malignant ovarian tumors was suggested. Seven cases of dysgerminoma showed extremely elevated LDH levels (1,248 +/- 886 IU/1/37 degrees C). Malignancy and histological type of ovarian tumors could be decided by combination assay of these tumor markers, before surgical operation.
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PMID:[Diagnosis of ovarian tumor by measuring tumor markers]. 158 85

A serum assay of CA 549 (Hybri-BREScan CA 549 degrees, Hybritech), a new tumor marker, was performed in 129 patients with breast cancer and 35 healthy women, in parallel with CA 15.3 (ELSA-CA 15.3 degrees, CIS Biointernational). Comparing 95 women with primary breast carcinoma and 35 controls, Relative (or Receiver) Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis revealed that the Area Under ROC Curve (AUC) of CA 15.3 was significantly higher than that of CA 549, indicating that, for our population, the first marker was more effective. Parallel and series analyses were also performed using ROC AUC and revealed that the combination of these two tests did not give more information than the CA 15.3 test alone; however, they did not in any way constitute diagnostic tools. In our experience, the best field of application for CA 549 seems to be the therapeutic monitoring and early detection of breast cancer recurrences. However, further investigations on a larger scale are necessary to assess more precisely the place of CA 549 in following the clinical course of breast cancer patients.
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PMID:An evaluation of CA 549, a circulating marker of breast cancer using a procedure for comparison with CA 15.3. 162 29

Analytical and clinical evaluations were made on the measurement of prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) and prostate specific antigen (PA) by a fully automated enzyme immunoassay system. Results concerning reproducibility, recovery and sensitivity were good. PAP values by this method correlated well with those obtained by radioimmunoassay. PA values by this method were higher than those obtained by other enzyme immunoassays, although the correlation coefficient was high. PAP, PA and gamma-Seminoprotein (gamma-Sm), another prostatic tumor marker, were all poorly correlated to one another. Normal upper value, 2 SD of 720 healthy males was 1.2 ng/ml for PAP, and 3.7 ng/ml for PA. Positive ratios of these tests in 31 patients with prostatic carcinoma were high at advanced stages, and low at early stages. ROC (receiver operating characteristics) curve analysis on patients with prostatic carcinoma and benign prostatic hypertrophy indicated that PAP and PA were more effective than gamma-Sm for the differential diagnosis of prostatic carcinoma, and that the clinical cut off was 2.0 ng/ml for PAP, 7.4 ng/ml for PA and 4.0 ng/ml for gamma-Sm.
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PMID:[Measurements of prostatic acid phosphatase and prostate specific antigen by fully automated enzyme immunoassay system--its analytical and clinical evaluation]. 169 28

The present study is based on the assay of four markers (AFP, CEA, TPA, Ca 19-9) using IRMA methods in 36 normal subjects, 44 cirrhosis and 66 HCC patients. Parametric and non parametric tests were used to test differences and correlations. ROC curves and discriminant functions were also elaborated. Normal 95% "cut-off" was determined by the "boostrap" method yielding: CEA 3.4 ng/ml; Ca 19-9 55 U/ml; TPA 58U/l and AFP 5.2 ng/ml. In HCC patients the values of the four markers were, on average, significantly different from those of normal subjects. However, only AFP and TPA exhibited high diagnostic accuracy (90%) for detection of the tumor. Higher than normal mean values for all markers were, also observed in cirrhotic patients. Only AFP yielded effective discrimination between HCC and cirrhosis. The positive prediction for the presence of the tumor on cirrhotic ground was 95% for AFP values higher than 18.5 ng/ml, with a 78% negative predictive value with a 6 ng/ml threshold. Association of AFP with TPA showed only a marginal diagnostic improvement. Results were not improved at all by combining CEA and Ca 19-9 with AFP and/or TPA. In conclusion, AFP is and remains the best marker for HCC and the only one effective in discriminating of HCC from cirrhosis. TPA may be considered a valid alternative if cirrhosis is not present. CEA and Ca19-9 are of no use.
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PMID:AFP, CEA, CA 19-9 and TPA in hepatocellular carcinoma. 170 5

The aim of this study was to compare the utility of two recently identified tumour markers of pancreatic cancer, CA 19-9 and CAR-3, and to ascertain the roles of some factors influencing both antigens. CA 19-9 and CAR-3 were measured in sera of 18 control subjects, 27 patients with pancreatic cancer, 25 with chronic pancreatitis, and 29 with extra-pancreatic diseases. CA 19-9 and CAR-3 were, respectively, found to be increased in 85 per cent and 44 per cent of patients with pancreatic cancer, 28 per cent and 0 per cent with chronic pancreatitis and 72 per cent and 28 per cent with extra-pancreatic diseases. The ROC curves showed that, for any serum value considered, CA 19-9 is more effective than CAR-3 in discriminating between pancreatic cancer and control subjects and chronic pancreatitis. With the combined use of both antigens the results were no better than those given by CA 19-9 alone. Correlations were found between liver function tests and CA 19-9 levels and between cholestasis indices only and CAR-3 values. Our findings show that CAR-3 is not a sufficiently reliable marker of pancreatic cancer, due to its low sensitivity. Nor does it offer any more information than CA 19-9. Both assays are influenced, at least in part, by the extent of the neoplasia. Cholestasis which can greatly influence a serum glycoproteic marker such as CA 19-9, was found also to affect, to a lesser extent, CAR-3, an epitope on the same mucin molecule.
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PMID:CAR-3 and CA 19-9 serum levels in pancreatic cancer: any differences between two epitopes of the same mucin-like glycoprotein? 170 17

Inverted (positive) digital chest radiographs of patients with lung tumors were compared with commonly used (negative) digital images, consisting of one simulated normal and one contrast enhanced image. The first part of the material consisted of 80 patients of whom 40 had tumors and 40 were normal. Five radiologists with different experience reviewed the examinations. From their answers, ROC curves were constructed. The second part of the material consisted of 100 chest phantom examinations with a simulated tumor in the mediastinum (45 examinations) and/or the left lung (46 examinations). In 31 exposures there was no abnormality. These were reviewed by 3 observers and performed as an ROC study as well. There was no statistical difference between the different types of images or between the observers in the 2 studies.
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PMID:Efficacy of inverted digital luminescence radiography in evaluating chest neoplasms. 174 24

The serum--SCC antigen levels of patients with head and neck tumors were studied prospectively to determine their value in the initial diagnosis of head- and neck-cancer patients. Serum concentrations above 2 ng/ml are considered abnormal. Preliminary results of the study after a 12-month period have been reported elsewhere (1). The final results of the study show an increased percentage (53%) of pathologic findings, mostly due to the increasing number of advanced stage tumors. High serum levels were found in 60% of the T4-tumors (Fig. 4a). Well differentiated carcinomas seem to be associated with the antigen more frequently than poorly differentiated tumors (Fig. 5). SCC antigen levels were examined as many as five times before the start of treatment (85 patients), and in one-third of those cases the differences between the serum levels exceeded 1 ng/ml. As far as 85% specificity is concerned, the ROC-curve shows a sensitivity of only 40% (Fig. 2) which, in addition to the fact that the antigen was most frequently found in cases of advanced tumors, indicates that the usefulness of the SCC antigen as a tumor marker for head and neck cancer must still be regarded as low.
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PMID:[Squamous cell carcinoma-associated antigen (SCC) as a tumor marker in the initial diagnosis of carcinomas of the head and neck region. Results of a prospective study after 24 months]. 219 78

The visualization of 144 clinically manifest or mammographically visible solid breast tumors was achieved with a hand-held, real-time linear array scanner (5MHz) and open water bath technique. On the basis of descriptive echographic signs and their combination, all 60 patients with benign tumors and 84 patients with malignant tumors were divided into three groups. Each of these groups was based on the combination of the most typical signs for benign or malignant tumors. These combinations make diagnostic criteria lax (presence of two signs--description of shape and border), moderate (combination of size and shape and description of internal echoes) and strict (presence of all previous criteria and characteristics of the tissue behind the tumor). The results are presented in the form of separate ROC curves. The comparison of both curves shows a significantly higher specificity in the determination of malignant tumors than in determination of benign tumors irrespective of the chosen level of diagnostic criteria. On the other hand a comparison of the sensitivity of the method, on the same levels of diagnostic criteria, shows higher values in benign breast tumors.
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PMID:Differentiation of solid breast tumors on the basis of their primary echographic characteristics as revealed by real-time scanning of the uncompressed breast. 305 5

Cytokeratins are intermediate filaments of the cytoskeleton that are expressed by bronchial epithelium and its neoplastic counterpart, lung cancer. A new immunoradiometric assay referred to as CYFRA 21-1 makes it possible to titrate in the serum a cytokeratin 19 fragment. This study deals with the sensitivity, specificity and applicability of this serum marker in squamous cell carcinoma. Sera from non malignant pulmonary diseases were taken as controls. In comparison with carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC T-A4) and neuron specific enolase (NSE), CYFRA 21-1 was the most accurate marker. The area under the CYFRA 21-1 ROC curve was significantly greater than those of CEA, SCC T-A4 and NSE. Using a 3.6 ng/ml threshold, as determined by the ROC curve, CYFRA 21-1 was significantly correlated with tumor mass.
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PMID:[CYFRA 21-1: a new marker of epidermoid cancer of the bronchi. Comparison with 3 other markers]. 769 32


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