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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Percutaneous embolization is the currently preferred treatment of symptomatic or ruptured renal angiomyolipomas (AMLs). Alcohol, microparticles, and coils are usually used. We present what is to our knowledge the first case of successful embolization of a solitary sporadic AML with the use of a new nonadhesive liquid embolic agent (ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer; Onyx). Onyx injection was slow and controllable and achieved complete tumor devascularization, producing a characteristic appearance like a vascular cast. Short-term follow-up magnetic resonance imaging showed complete tumor necrosis without any recurrent pathologic vessels. The specific features, potential advantages in AML treatment, and technical limitations of this new liquid embolic agent are discussed.
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PMID:Onyx embolization of sporadic angiomyolipoma. 1908 54

4T1 mouse mammary tumor cells can be implanted sub-cutaneously in nu/nu mice to form palpable tumors in 15 to 20 days. This xenograft tumor model system is valuable for the pre-clinical in vivo evaluation of putative antitumor compounds. The 4T1 cell line has been engineered to constitutively express the firefly luciferase gene (luc2). When mice carrying 4T1-luc2 tumors are injected with Luciferin the tumors emit a visual light signal that can be monitored using a sensitive optical imaging system like the IVIS Spectrum. The photon flux from the tumor is proportional to the number of light emitting cells and the signal can be measured to monitor tumor growth and development. IVIS is calibrated to enable absolute quantitation of the bioluminescent signal and longitudinal studies can be performed over many months and over several orders of signal magnitude without compromising the quantitative result. Tumor growth can be monitored for several days by bioluminescence before the tumor size becomes palpable or measurable by traditional physical means. This rapid monitoring can provide insight into early events in tumor development or lead to shorter experimental procedures. Tumor cell death and necrosis due to hypoxia or drug treatment is indicated early by a reduction in the bioluminescent signal. This cell death might not be accompanied by a reduction in tumor size as measured by physical means. The ability to see early events in tumor necrosis has significant impact on the selection and development of therapeutic agents. Quantitative imaging of tumor growth using IVIS provides precise quantitation and accelerates the experimental process to generate results.
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PMID:In vivo bioluminescent imaging of mammary tumors using IVIS spectrum. 1940 36

Dural arteriovenous fistulae (dAVF) provide a diagnostic challenge and must be part of a broad differential in pursuit of a difficult diagnosis or unusual presentation. This case report demonstrates an initially misguided diagnosis of bilateral thalamic neoplasm and demonstrates the importance of continued pursuit until the correct diagnosis is obtained. Moreover, to our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a dAVF simulating a bilateral thalamic neoplasm. We present a patient with a provisional diagnosis of bilateral thalamic neoplasm based on clinical history and an advanced imaging workup including MR spectroscopy. Subsequent biopsy suggested venous congestion, hypoxia, and edema without neoplasia. Routine post-operative CT the following day revealed suggestion of dAVF due to the presence of residual contrast from prior unrelated abdominal CT. Cerebral angiography eventually revealed a Cognard grade IIb dAVF. Trans-arterial Onyx embolization resulted in a dramatic clinical and radiographic improvement. This case highlights an unusual presentation and challenging diagnosis of a dAVF and the importance of pursuing the correct diagnosis.
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PMID:High-grade dural arteriovenous fistula simulating a bilateral thalamic neoplasm. 1948 18

A 2-month-old infant presented with an enlarging scalp hemangioma and consumptive coagulopathy. The patient became severely thrombocytopenic despite medical treatment. Transarterial embolization with Onyx was performed with significant reduction in the size of the tumor and complete resolution of the thrombocytopenia within 12 hours. Onyx embolization appears to be an excellent treatment option for hemangiomas presenting with Kasabach-Merritt syndrome that are unresponsive to standard medical therapy.
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PMID:Transarterial embolization of a scalp hemangioma presenting with Kasabach-Merritt syndrome. 1987 79

Carotid body tumors are highly vascularized lesions that require successful preoperative embolization to achieve favorable clinical results in terms of morbidity and complete tumor resection. The procedure of percutaneous embolization was performed using ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer (Onyx) in addition to balloon-catheter protection to prevent particle displacement into the internal carotid artery. The procedure resulted in nearly complete tumor embolization and facilitated the uneventful complete surgical resection. Percutaneous angiographic embolization of carotid body tumors in the head and neck was found to be safe and effective. This technique is likely to result in improved surgical outcomes and tumor resectability.
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PMID:[Direct percutaneous embolization of a carotid body tumor with Onyx]. 1993 94

Preoperative transarterial embolization of head and neck paragangliomas using particulate agents has proven beneficial for decreasing intraoperative blood loss. However, the procedure is often incomplete owing to extensive vascular structure and arteriovenous shunts. We report our experience with embolization of these lesions by means of direct puncture and intratumoral injection of n-butyl cyanoacrylate (NBCA) or Onyx. Ten patients aged 32-82 years who were referred for preoperative embolization of seven carotid body tumors and three jugular paragangliomas were retrospectively analyzed. Intratumoral injections were primarily performed in four cases with multiple small-caliber arterial feeders and adjunctive to transarterial embolization in six cases with incomplete devascularization. Punctures were performed under ultrasound and injections were performed under roadmap fluoroscopic guidance. Detailed angiographies were performed before and after embolization procedures. Control angiograms showed complete or near-complete devascularization in all tumors. Three tumors with multiple small-caliber arterial feeders were treated with primary NBCA injections. One tumor necessitated transarterial embolization after primary injection of Onyx. Six tumors showed regional vascularization from the vasa vasorum or small-caliber branches of the external carotid artery following the transarterial approach. These regions were embolized with NBCA injections. No technical or clinical complications related to embolization procedures occurred. All except one of the tumors were surgically removed following embolization. In conclusion, preoperative devascularization with percutaneous direct injection of NBCA or Onyx is feasible, safe, and effective in head and neck paragangliomas with multiple small-caliber arterial feeders and in cases of incomplete devascularization following transarterial embolization.
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PMID:Devascularization of head and neck paragangliomas by direct percutaneous embolization. 2009 16

The FTIR (Fourier transform infrared) spectra of malignant pleomorphic adenoma tissues and surrounding normal tissues were investigated using the Spectrum GX FTIR Spectrometer. The results indicate that there were differences in the Fourier transform infrared spectra between the malignant pleomorphic adenoma tissues and the surrounding normal tissues at some bands. (a) Amide I band location related to the protein in milignant pleomorhic adenoma tissues shifted to a higher wave number compared to the normal tissues, and the absorption was increased in tumor tissues. This indicates that the degree of hydrogen-bonding herein increased; (b) The peak position related to PO2(-1) group in nucleic acid shifted to a higher wave number after canceration, and the absorption was stronger in tumor tissues compared to the normal tissues; (c) The absorption of band 1 640 cm(-1) related to -CH2 group in lipid was stronger but its peak position shifting was disorder.
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PMID:[FTIR spectroscopic investigation of normal and malignant pleomorphic adenoma]. 2010 60

Radioimmunotherapy is a form of targeted radionuclide therapy that uses a monoclonal antibody to deliver localized radiation. It is most appropriate for treatment of multiple tumor sites that cannot be readily excised surgically or irradiated using external beam radiation or brachytherapy. At present, 2 products, Bexxar ((131)I-tositumomab and unlabeled tositumomab, GlaxoSmithKline, Triangle Park, NC) and Zevalin ((90)Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan and unlabeled rituximab, Spectrum Pharmaceuticals, Irvine, CA and Cell Therapeutics, Seattle, WA) are approved for treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in certain clinical situations in the United States and Canada. Zevalin is available also in Europe, and there are plans to make both agents more widely available. The therapeutic dose to be used depends upon a number of patient-specific variables. Both regimen achieve a complete response or partial response in approximately 3 of 4 patients, with a duration of remission lasting many years in some cases. This article reviews the basis for dose selection, the nuclear medicine procedures involved, the results obtained to date, and issues related to patient and staff safety.
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PMID:Radioimmunotherapy of lymphoma: Bexxar and Zevalin. 2011 80

The case of a 20-year-old woman with a carotid body tumor of Shamblin class III is reported. Ten hours after preoperative direct intralesional embolization with 20 mL Onyx (ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer; Micro Therapeutics, Irvine, Calif), the patient showed symptoms of Horner syndrome and deficits of the hypoglossal and glossopharyngeal nerves. Intraoperative examination 12 hours after Onyx embolization revealed a massive swelling of the hypoglossal and glossopharyngeal nerves. The patient's tongue motility and glossopharyngeal function improved after surgery, but Horner syndrome was still present. Owing to the delayed occurrence of these adverse effects, the optimal time of surgical intervention after Onyx embolization should be discussed and perhaps expedited.
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PMID:Early side effects after embolization of a carotid body tumor using Onyx. 2065 84

The authors present a preliminary experience with ethyl-enevinylalcohol copolymer (Onyx) for hemangioblastoma vessel embolization before surgical resection. The patient presented with neck pain, dizziness, blurred vision, vomiting, and loss of balance. Diagnostic imaging revealed a posterior fossa cystic mass with a nodular component. Angiography demonstrated a significant vascular blush with arteriovenous shunting that was characteristic of a hemangioblastoma. Tumor vessels originating off the left posterior inferior cerebellar artery were embolized before surgery using Onyx 18 (ev3, Covidien Vascular Therapies, Mansfield, MA, USA). This resulted in complete obliteration of all tumor vessels, transforming a highly vascular tumor into an avascular mass. A safe and uneventful surgical resection was performed the next day. Onyx is a valuable embolic agent for preoperative hemangioblastoma vessel embolization. Because of its low viscosity, Onyx penetrates deeply into the tumor vasculature and allows complete obliteration of tumor vessels. Risks of the intervention have to be carefully weighed against the benefits. If preoperative embolization is indicated, the use of Onyx should be strongly considered.
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PMID:Complete preoperative embolization of hemangioblastoma vessels with Onyx 18. 2123 50


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