Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Modified nucleosides are components of ribosomal RNA (rRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA) and messenger RNA (mRNA). 1-methyladenosine and pseudouridine are members of those modified nucleosides. The urinary concentration of 1-methyladenosine and pseudouridine of cancer patients are higher than that of healthy controls, and those compounds were reduced after effective chemotherapy. Thus those compounds might be expected to use as tumor markers. In this study cellular origin of 1-methyladenosine and pseudouridine were analysed about two tumor cell lines (HUT-102, THP-1), peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from healthy adult and PBL under the phytohemagglutinin stimulation, by flow cytometric analysis and immunofluorescent staining of cellular RNA using monoclonal antibodies specific for 1-methyladenosine (AMA) and pseudouridine (APU). Both 1-methyladenosine and pseudouridine were detected in more than 90% of tumor cells above the thresholds of flow cytometric detection (Spectrum III, Ortho). The PBL under the PHA stimulation also tended to take the same way of the tumor cell lines, whereas few of the PBL contained 1-methyladenosine above the thresholds. According to the DNA analysis of those cell lines, high contents of the modified nucleosides in the cell might follow DNA synthesis, this leads to one reason for high levels of the urinary excretion of the modified nucleosides in cancer patient.
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PMID:[Molecular and immunological approach to hematological disease: detection and analysis of intracellular modified nucleosides by flow cytometry]. 240 80

Multilocular Renal Cyst is a variety contained within the Spectrum of Renal Embryonic Tumors, presenting much confusion relating to its terminology, histology, clinical aspects, etc. We have carried out a review of this subject through bibliographical compilation of the cases published between 1976-86, and close analysis of the series thus far published. The diagnostic criteria described by Boggs and Kimmeslstiels in 1956, which classify this entity separate from other varieties of R.E.T. and similar ones. This pathological state can be seen in both children and adults, and it is characterized by its unusual appearance, clinical silent in the adults and in the child it appears as an abdominal mass. This pathology lacks specific diagnostic tests as well as the assistance rendered by clinical, radiological or ultrasound studies, it will depend on a correct preoperative diagnosis, an extremely difficult task to achieve, or on a diagnostic approximation geared to avoid in the child population the implementation of coadjuvant measures to surgery that will no doubt give rise to unwanted situations in the long run. The treatment of this pathology is strictly surgical and must be preceded by an extremely conservative approach. Tumorectomy or Partial Nephrectomy is curative and sufficient. From the anatomopathological study of the surgical sample, the correct diagnosis may be inferred.
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PMID:[Multilocular cyst of the kidney: clinico-pathologic considerations]. 254 Jun 29

Hybridomas have been prepared that secrete monoclonal antibodies against three different surface antigens of normal human mammary epithelial cells by fusion of mouse myeloma cells with spleen cells from mice and rats immunized with delipidated human milk fat globules. Using a novel method for molecular weight determination, the three different monoclonal antibodies, BLMRL-HMFG-Mc3, BLMRL-HMFG-McR2, and BLMRL-HMFG-Mc5, were found to identify molecules with apparent molecular weights of 46,000, 70,000, and 400,000 daltons, respectively. The latter is a mucin-like glycoprotein with a high sugar content and has not previously been described as a component of the human milk fat globule or of human mammary epithelial cell membranes. Single-cell quantitation of binding of monoclonal BLMRL-HMFG-Mc5 to three breast tumor cell lines using a Microscope Spectrum Analyzer and indirect immunofluorescence revealed a heterogeneous expression. Further, using a competitive radioimmunoassay, it was found that breast tumor cell lines differed by at least 10-fold in the 400,000-molecular-weight antigen content. None of the three antigens are detectable on several nonbreast cell lines, including normal breast fibroblasts.
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PMID:Characterization of cell surface antigens of human mammary epithelial cells with monoclonal antibodies prepared against human milk fat globule. 635 26

Prostaglandins (PGs) are bioregulatory substances and are widely distributed in a variety of tissues. Numerous facts have been described in relation to cancer biology with PGs. The purpose of our study lies in the creation of anti-tumor PGs. We have described that PGD2 has strong cell growth inhibitory activity; furthermore, we discovered that PGJ2, 9-deoxy-delta 9-PGD2, has 3 times stronger activity than the mother compound, PGD2. In vivo experiments showed that only PGA2 and PGJ2 exert antitumor activity. Thus, cyclopentenone ring structure in PG seems to be an essential moiety for cytotoxicity of PG. On the basis of the above facts, we propose tha name of antineoplastic PGs for PGA and PGJ derivatives which have cyclopentenone ring. Recently, we developed several antineoplastic PGs which showed IC50 value less than 0.3 microgram/ml against L1210 leukemia cells, and these compounds also showed antitumor activity against Ehrlich ascites tumor in vivo comparable to that of cyclophosphamide. The action mechanism seems to be in its alkylation activity of the cyclopentenone structure and not in receptor-cAMP route. Spectrum of anti-tumor activity and its toxicity in vivo are now under investigation. In this brief review, mainly our recent approaches in this field are discussed.
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PMID:[Development of antineoplastic prostaglandins]. 657 12

Twenty-five synovial sarcomas were studied with a battery of antibodies directed against keratin and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA). The keratin antibody MNF 116 showed reactivity in 24 tumors. In addition, 22 tumors showed reactivity with the antibody Keratin Wide Spectrum, 20 with the antibody Keratin 56, 64, and 19 with CAM 5.2. Seventeen tumors showed reactivity with EMA. The keratin and EMA reactivity was present in cells lining obvious cleft-like structures in biphasic tumors. In the spindle cell areas of both biphasic and monophasic fibrous tumors, we found clusters of a few reacting cells apparently located around small clefts. In the synovioblastic tumors, clusters of plump tumor cells reactive for both the keratins and EMA were present. In conclusion, we found that proper identification of epithelial differentiation in synovial sarcomas is facilitated by an immunohistochemical application of anti-epithelial antibodies. In most tumors, there was immunoreactivity for the same type of keratins as are normally identified in simple epithelia (the antibody CAM 5.2), but also for those found in stratified squamous epithelia (the antibody Keratin 56, 64). The results indicate that screening for epithelial features on paraffin sections in the various types of synovial sarcoma, even the poorly differentiated synovioblastic tumors, is improved if epithelial antibodies with a broad spectrum of reactivity are chosen.
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PMID:Synovial sarcoma. An immunohistochemical study of the epithelial component. 751 19

Von Recklinghausen's disease, or neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1), is an autosomal dominant syndrome with a highly variable tumorous (neurofibromas, gliomas, Wilms' tumors, leukemia, pheochromocytomas) and non-tumorous (cafe-au-lait skin spots, iris and ciliar hamartomas, osseous lesions) manifestations. NF-1 gene is mapped to chromosome 17. Central or bilateral acoustic neurofibromatosis (NF-2) has a gene mapped to chromosome 22. Hereditary and sporadic NF-1 are recognized. The most typical manifestation of NF-1-skin neurofibroma--has has a characteristic plexiform structure. Spectrum of tumors (schwannomas, gliomas, Wilms' tumors) produced by transplacental treatment with strong environmental mutagens-carcinogens-ethylnitroso- and methylnitrosourea (ENU and MNU, respectively) resembles on the whole that observed in human sporadic NF-1. Location of neurofibromas depends on the species: skin and subcutaneous tissue in humans, cattle and hamsters, trigeminal nerve, spinal roots in rats. Rat schwannomas differ from human neurofibromas by malignant structure, frequently with cystic component, but if induced by ENU treatment at day 15 of the pregnancy they resemble human plexiform neurofibromas with intraneural and extraneural growth of tumor cells. There were attempts to reproduce a transgenerational transmission of ENU carcinogenic effect, i.e. hereditary form of NF-1. In the experiments of this type the offsprings of rats prenatally treated with ENU remained untreated. The incidence of PNS, CNS and Wilms' tumors in these untreated offsprings in some experiments was significantly higher than in controls thus confirming the possibility, in principle, of hereditary NF-1 modelling. Only 10% of tumors developing in such untreated descendants of ENU treated parents contained a specific mutation of neu oncogene compared to 90-100% in tumors arising following direct treatment with ENU. The mechanisms of the transgenerational carcinogenesis are discussed. Lesions imitating NF-1 and in part NF-2 in transgenic mice with an HTLV-1-tax gene as well as in p-53 knockout mice are mentioned.
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PMID:[Von Recklinghausen's disease: experimental models and comparative aspects]. 900 21

Prospective data on 1,360 consecutive inpatients referred to the consultation-liaison psychiatry service of 2 metropolitan general teaching hospitals and diagnoses as having a Depressive Illness Spectrum Disorder were collected by using the MICRO-CARES clinical database system. The distribution of DSM-III-R diagnoses was major depression (MD) 49%; dysthymia (DYS) 15%; organic or substance-induced mood disorder or depressive disorder not otherwise specified (ORG/NOS) 14%; and adjustment disorder with depressed mood (AD) 29%s. Antidepressants were prescribed in 59% of the MD cases, 40% of the DYS cases, 36% of the ORG/NOS cases, and 17% of the AD cases. In confirmed MD, antidepressants were prescribed in 69%, and significantly more often in those who were older, female, had a prior history of physical illness, had a neoplasm or a disorder of the nervous or musculoskeletal systems, had higher Axis IV scores, or were referred because of pain or terminal illness. The patients with confirmed MD prescribed antidepressants had a longer length of stay and were referred later than those not prescribed antidepressants. The results illustrate the importance of all the forms of depression in consultation-liaison psychiatry and the vigor with which all forms are treated.
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PMID:Consultation-liaison psychiatrists management of depression. 966 71

The p53 tumor suppressor protein binds to both cellular and viral proteins, which influence its biological activity. One such protein is the large E1b tumor antigen (E1b58kDa) from adenoviruses (Ads), which abrogates the ability of p53 to transactivate various promoters. This inactivation of p53 function is believed to be the mechanism by which E1b58kDa contributes to the cell transformation process. Although the p53-E1b58kDa complex occurs during infection and is conserved among different serotypes, there are limited data demonstrating that it has a role in virus replication. However, loss of p53 expression occurs after adenovirus infection of human cells and an E1b58kDa deletion mutant (Onyx-015, also called dl 1520) selectively replicates in p53-defective cells. These (and other) data indicate a plausible hypothesis is that loss of p53 function may be conducive to efficient adenovirus replication. However, wild-type (wt) Ad5 grows more efficiently in cells expressing a wt p53 protein. These studies indicate that the hypothesis may be an oversimplification. Here, we show that cells expressing wt p53, as well as p53-defective cells, allow adenovirus replication, but only cells expressing wt p53 show evidence of virus-induced cytopathic effect. This correlates with the ability of adenovirus to induce cell death. Our data indicate that p53 plays a necessary part in mediating cellular destruction to allow a productive adenovirus infection. In contrast, p53-deficient cells are less sensitive to the cytolytic effects of adenovirus and as such raise questions about the use of E1b58kDa-deficient adenoviruses in tumor therapy.
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PMID:p53-dependent cell death/apoptosis is required for a productive adenovirus infection. 984 51

An E1B 55 kDa gene-deleted adenovirus, Onyx-015, which reportedly selectively replicates in and lyses p53-deficient cells, was administered by a single intratumoral injection to a total of 22 patients with recurrent head and neck cancer. The objectives of this Phase I study were to determine the safety, feasibility, and efficacy of this therapy and determine any correlation to p53 status. Six cohorts were investigated with a dose escalation from 10(7)-10(11) plaque-forming units. Toxicity was assessed using NCIC criteria. Tumor response was assessed by clinical and radiological measurement. Blood samples were taken to detect adenovirus DNA and neutralizing antibody to adenovirus. Tumor biopsies were taken to detect adenovirus by in situ hybridization. Treatment was well tolerated, with the main toxicity being grade 1/2 flu-like symptoms. Dose-limiting toxicity was not reached at the highest dose of 10(11) plaque-forming units. Twenty-one of the 22 patients treated showed an increase in neutralizing antibody to adenovirus. In situ hybridization showed viral replication in 4 of 22 patients treated, all of whom had mutant p53 tumors. Using conventional response criteria, no objective responses were observed. However, magnetic resonance imaging scans were suggestive of tumor necrosis at the site of viral injection in five patients, three of whom were classified using nonconventional criteria as partial responders, and two of whom were classified using nonconventional criteria as minor responders. Of these five cases, four had mutant p53 tumors. The response duration for the three partial responders was 4, 8, and 12 weeks. An additional eight patients had stable disease in the injected tumors lasting from 4-8 weeks. These preliminary results show that intratumoral administration of Onyx-015 is feasible, well tolerated, and associated with biological activity. Further investigation of Onyx-015, particularly with a more frequent injection protocol and in combination with systemic chemotherapy, is warranted.
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PMID:A phase I study of Onyx-015, an E1B attenuated adenovirus, administered intratumorally to patients with recurrent head and neck cancer. 1074 99

Replication-selective microbial agents hold promise as a novel cancer treatment platform. dl1520 (Onyx-015), an E1B-55 kD gene-deleted adenovirus, was the first such genetically engineered agent to be tested in humans. Over 200 cancer patients have been treated to date on over 10 clinical trials (phases I-III). The virus was generally well-tolerated at doses of up to 2 x 10(12) particles by intratumoral, intraperitoneal, hepatic arterial and intravenous administration; no maximally tolerated doses were identified by any route of administration. Viral replication was tumor-selective, and was documented after administration by all routes; replication was generally transient (<10 days), however, and was variable depending on tumor histology. single agent efficacy has been limited to date (0-14% local tumor regression rates). in combination with chemotherapy, however, encouraging antitumoral activity has been demonstrated. these clinical research results demonstrate the potential of this novel treatment platform, as well as the hurdles to be overcome. novel replication-selective agents with improved potency are needed.
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PMID:Clinical research results with dl1520 (Onyx-015), a replication-selective adenovirus for the treatment of cancer: what have we learned? 1131 78


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