Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A monoclonal antibody (MAb) was generated against a synthetic peptide corresponding to amino acids 148 to 163 of the rfp protein with zinc finger domains. The MAb, designated RFP-1 (IgM), which was positive with the immunizing peptide in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, was reactive in immunoblotting with an in vitro translated rfp product as well as with native proteins in cell extracts made from mouse testis and HL-60 human leukemia cell line, both of which were previously shown to express high levels of rfp mRNA. When HL-60 cells were fractionated into nuclear and cytoplasmic components, the protein reactive with RFP-1 MAb was detectable only in the nuclear fraction. By the avidin-biotin complex immunoperoxidase method, this MAb strongly stained over 90% of the nuclei of human and mouse spermatogenic cells, except mature spermatozoon, and of human testicular tumor cells. In other human adult tissues, up to 60% of positive cells were observed. These antibody activities were clearly absorbed by pre-incubation of RFP-1 MAb with the immunizing peptide. These results thus indicated that RFP-1 MAb recognizes a nuclear protein which is expressed at high levels in male germ cells.
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PMID:Nuclear localization of antigens detected by a monoclonal antibody against a synthetic peptide of rfp finger protein. 211 13

A 24 year-old male with pulmonary tuberculosis in right upper lobe developed two lesions of extrapulmonary pleural tuberculoma during the course of antituberculous therapy. He had no history of lung tuberculosis nor pleurisy. However, the chest X-ray film on first admission showed scattered nodular shadows in right upper lung field. He had no subjective symptoms and no abnormalities of laboratory findings except mild iron deficiency anemia, from which he recovered completely without specific therapy. Three months after starting the antituberculous therapy including SM, INH, and RFP, a new round homogeneous opacity appeared in the right lower lung field (S4). Chest CT scan revealed the lesions in S10 as well as in S4. Microscopic examination of the specimen obtained by ultrasound-guided needle aspiration biopsy disclosed positive acid-fast bacilli. Because of the lack of effect of drug therapy on pleural lesions, surgical treatment was performed. The visceral pleura was found adherent fibrously to parietal pleura, which was easily separated by hand. However, at the site of lesions, the adhesion was so tight that extrapleural resection was needed. Because lung tissue and tumor were connected tightly, the lung had to be partially resected. Most content of tumors were caseous necrosis. Although main lesion was located outside of the lung, intrapulmonary invasion was also noticed. Double lesions of this kind of disease seem to be very rare. There is no evidence of relapse until eight months after surgery.
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PMID:[A case of localized pleural tuberculosis exacerbated during antituberculous chemotherapy]. 279 9

Combination assay by several tumor markers provides more precise diagnosis of malignancy than using a single tumor marker. The best combination assay by two tumor markers is determined as follows. MINIMIZE RFP (1-SpAorB(CA, CB)) + RFN(1-SnAorB(CA, CB)), where RFP, RFN denote the loss of false positive and false negative, respectively. SpAorB (CA, CB), SnAorB (CA, CB) are specificity and sensitivity of the combination assay by tumor markers A, B with cut-off values CA, CB.
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PMID:[How to determine the best combination assay by several tumor markers?]. 869 25

The purpose of the present study was to determine the capacities of differential diagnosis of the bulky masses of the brain by positron emission tomography (PET) with 11C-butyrate by the direct indication--the tumor RFP level measured by means of the semiquantitative indicator--the differential accumulation coefficient (DAC). For comparison, 18FDG PET widely used to detect malignant tumors was preliminarily made. Brain PET was performed in 86 patients (45 males and 41 females whose age ranged from 18 to 69 years to identify bulky masses or to rule out continuous tumor growth. In all cases, the data were histologically and morphologically verified. Of the 86 patients, 21 were found to have malignant tumors, 41 had benign tumors, arteriovenous malformations, cerebral circulatory disorders, and cysts were detected in 3, 7, and 14 cases, respectively. The level of 18FDG accumulation was ascertained to be directly related to the grade of malignancy. In 20 of the 21 patients with malignant tumors, DAC for 18FDG was greater than 1. However, it was impossible to differentiate benign tumors and non-tumoral masses by using only 18FDG. Comparing the data obtained by means of 18FDG and 11C-butyrate revealed their comparability in detecting neoplasms. Patients with vascular tumors (benign meningioma and adenoma of the pituitary were an exception. Their DAC for 11C-butyrate was greater than 1. In follow-up CT scanning, just a single injection of 11C-butyrate may allow one to estimate the vascular and tissue components of masses, which facilitates the identification of vascular non-tumoral processes and tumors. The additional criterion that allows a neoplasm to be differentiated from nontumoral processes permits a rapid tumor release of a radioactive label.
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PMID:[Comparative assessment of the diagnostic capacities of PET with 18FDG and 1-[11C] sodium butyrate in the examination of patients with tumors of the brain and cerebral circulatory disorders: results of semiquantitative assessment]. 1257 59

We have recently shown that the neural-stem cell marker nestin is expressed in hair follicle stem cells and the blood vessel network interconnecting hair follicles in the skin of transgenic mice with nestin regulatory element-driven green fluorescent protein (ND-GFP). The hair follicles were shown to give rise to the nestin-expressing blood vessels in the skin. In the present study, we visualized tumor angiogenesis by dual-color fluorescence imaging in ND-GFP transgenic mice after transplantation of the murine melanoma cell line B16F10 expressing red fluorescent protein. ND-GFP was highly expressed in proliferating endothelial cells and nascent blood vessels in the growing tumor. Results of immunohistochemical staining showed that the blood vessel-specific antigen CD31 was expressed in ND-GFP-expressing nascent blood vessels. ND-GFP expression was diminished in the vessels with increased blood flow. Progressive angiogenesis during tumor growth was readily visualized during tumor growth by GFP expression. Doxorubicin inhibited the nascent tumor angiogenesis as well as tumor growth in the ND-GFP mice transplanted with B16F10-RFP. This model is useful for direct visualization of tumor angiogenesis and evaluation of angiogenic inhibitors.
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PMID:Hair follicle-derived blood vessels vascularize tumors in skin and are inhibited by Doxorubicin. 1578 48

To increase the potential of attenuated Salmonella as gene delivery vectors for cancer treatment, we developed a hypoxia-inducible promoter system to limit gene expression specifically to the tumor. This approach is envisaged to not only increase tumor specificity, but also to target those cells that are most resistant to conventional therapies. We demonstrate that the exponential growth of the attenuated bacteria is identical under normoxia and hypoxia. A hypoxia-inducible promoter (HIP-1) was created from a portion of the endogenous Salmonella pepT promoter and was shown to drive reporter gene expression under both acute and chronic hypoxia, but not under normoxia. Genetic engineering of the TATA- and FNR-box within HIP-1 allowed fine-tuning of gene induction, resulting in hypoxic induction factors of up to 200-fold. Finally, we demonstrate that HIP-1 can drive hypoxia-mediated gene expression in bacteria which have colonized human tumor xenografts in mouse models. Expression of both GFP and RFP under control of HIP-1 demonstrated an approximately 15-fold increase relative to a constitutive promoter when tumors were made hypoxic. Moreover, the use of a constitutive promoter resulted in reporter gene expression in both tumors and normal tissues, whereas reporter gene expressing using HIP-1 was confined to the tumor.
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PMID:Development of a flexible and potent hypoxia-inducible promoter for tumor-targeted gene expression in attenuated Salmonella. 1685 81

Pathogenic microorganisms can be suppressed by cell wall destruction. Biosynthesis of peptidoglycans forming bacterial cell wall is interrupted by glycopeptides which inhibit polymerization of a disaccharide formed by N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid, beta-lactams and their derivatives inhibit peptidoglycan cross-linking. Antibiotics inhibiting protein synthesis bind to different sites on the rRNA and interfere with the formation of the polypeptide chain. Tumor cells resistant to chemotherapeutic drugs overproduce proteins transporting the drugs out of cells; these proteins eliminate substances which inhibit transcription of transport proteins. Some antitumor drugs (anthracyclines, fluoroquinolones, acridines etc.) act at topoisomerases which irreversibly bind to DNA and inhibit DNA synthesis. Immunosuppressants affect various components of the immune system such as T-helper, T-effector cell function, antigen presentation and B-cell function. Antiparasitics--avermectins--bind to a receptor of this Gab-gated chlorine channel in the nerve fiber of nematodes and anthropodes, increasing the permeability of the membrane for chloride ions; the increased transport of chloride ions into the cell causes the death of the parasite. Ionophores dissolve in phospholipid bilayers and enormously increase their ionic permeability. Respiration inhibitors block the transport of electrons at several places of the respiratory chain. Rifamycin binds to the beta subunit of bacterial RNA polymerase, thereby blocking mRNA synthesis. Antiviral compounds inhibit the transcription of DNA by several mechnisms or by inhibition of viral entry into host cells.
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PMID:Mode of action of microbial bioactive metabolites. 1717 53

Despite successes in animals, cytokine gene expression selectively in human tumors is difficult to achieve owing to lack of efficient delivery methods. Since interleukin (IL)-2-activated natural killer (A-NK) and phytohemagglutinin and IL-2 activated killer T (T-LAK) cells, as previously demonstrated, localize and accumulate in murine lung tumor metastases following adoptive transfer, we transduced them to test their ability to deliver products of genes selectively to tumors. Assessments of transduction efficiency in vitro demonstrated that adenoviral transduction consistently resulted in high (>60%) transduction rates and substantial expression of transgenes such as GFP, Red2, luciferase, beta-galactosidase and mIL-12 for at least 4 days. In vivo experiments illustrated that Ad-GFP transduced A-NK and Ad-Red2 (RFP) transduced T-LAK or mIL-12 transduced A-NK cells localized 10-50-fold more or survived significantly better than mock transduced cells, respectively, within lung metastases than in the surrounding normal lung tissue. Most importantly, mIL-12 transduced A-NK cells provided a significantly greater antitumor response than non-transduced A-NK cells. Thus, adoptive transfer of A-NK and T-LAK cells represents an efficient method for targeting products of genes to tumor sites.
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PMID:Targeting of products of genes to tumor sites using adoptively transferred A-NK and T-LAK cells. 1727 84

Whole-body imaging with fluorescent proteins has been shown to be a powerful technology to follow the dynamics of metastatic cancer. Whole-body imaging of fluorescent protein-expressing-cancer cells enables the facile determination of efficacy of candidate anti-tumor and anti-metastatic agents in mouse models. GFP-expressing transgenic mice transplanted with the RFP-expressing cancer cells enable the distinction of cancer and host cells and the efficacy of drugs on each type of cell. This is particularly useful for imaging tumor angiogenesis. Cancer-cell trafficking through the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems is the critical means of spread of cancer. The use of fluorescent proteins to differentially label cancer calls in the nucleus and cytoplasm and high-powered imaging technology are used to visualize the nuclear-cytoplasmic dynamics of cancer-cell trafficking in both blood vessels and lymphatic vessels in the live animal. This technology has furthered our understanding of the spread of cancer at the subcellular level in the live mouse. Fluorescent proteins thus enable both macro and micro imaging technology and thereby provide the basis for the new field of in vivo cell biology.
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PMID:Imaging cancer dynamics in vivo at the tumor and cellular level with fluorescent proteins. 1878 63

Infiltration of cancer cells into normal tissue is a hallmark of malignant gliomas and compromises treatment options. A lack of appropriate models limits the study of this invasion in vivo, which makes it difficult to fully understand its anatomy and the role of dynamic interactions with structures of the normal brain. We developed a novel methodology by utilizing multiphoton laser scanning microscopy (MPLSM) to image the movement of glioma cells deep within the normal brain of live mice in real time. This allowed us to track the invasion of individual RFP-expressing GL261 cells in relation to perfused vasculature or GFP-labeled endothelial cells repetitively over days, up to a depth of 0.5 mm. Glioma cells moved faster and more efficiently when the abluminal site of a blood vessel was utilized for invasion. Cells that invaded perivascularly were frequently found next to (a) multiple capillary structures where microvessels run parallel to each other, (b) capillary loops or glomeruloid-like bodies, and (c) dilated capillaries. Dynamic MPLSM for more than 48 h revealed that single invasive glioma cells induced intussusceptive microvascular growth and capillary loop formation, specifically at the microvascular site with which they had contact. As the main tumor grew by cooption of existing brain vessels, these peritumoral vascular changes may create a beneficial environment for glioma growth. In conclusion, our study revealed new mechanisms of peritumoral angiogenesis and invasion in gliomas, providing an explanation for their interdependence.
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PMID:Imaging glioma cell invasion in vivo reveals mechanisms of dissemination and peritumoral angiogenesis. 1919 26


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