Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Immunoreactivity for endocrine peptides (serotonin, gastrin, somatostatin, insulin, corticotropin, calcitonin, neurotensin, vasoactive intestinal peptide, and bombesin), cytoskeletal proteins (high and low molecular weight keratins), and tumor differentiation markers (chromogranin, neuron-specific enolase, carcinoembryonic antigen, S100 protein, and Grimelius stain) was sought on nine cervical and one vaginal poorly differentiated small-cell carcinoids. Dense-core secretory granules were ultrastructurally identified in all cases (seven of ten) in which tissue was available for electron microscopy. Immunoreactivity for endocrine secretory products was rarely noted, and only in a minority cell population (serotonin in two of ten). The majority of the tumors exhibited immunoreactivity for low molecular weight keratin (AE1/AE3 in eight of ten; CAM 5.2 in seven of nine), and three of ten tumors focally expressed high molecular weight keratin. Among the markers of neuroendocrine differentiation, neurospecific enolase was more frequently expressed (ten of ten) than chromogranin (five of ten) or argyrophilia (three of ten). Carcinoembryonic antigen was present in eight of ten tumors. S100 protein was absent in all cases. In summary, poorly differentiated small-cell carcinoids of the lower female genital tract, similarly to other small-cell endocrine tumors, occasionally exhibit focal glandular and squamoid differentiation, and only relatively infrequently or focally express immunohistochemically detectable endocrine secretory products, chromogranin, and argyrophilia.
 ...
PMID:Endocrine and tumor differentiation markers in poorly differentiated small-cell carcinoids of the cervix and vagina. 302 70

The cell line COLO 320 DM, derived from an untreated human colon carcinoid tumor, was subcloned to obtain a population (Cl 11) with an average of 37 double minutes (DM) per cell. Fractionation of the chromosomes by differential centrifugation yielded a fraction enriched in DM. DNA isolated from the DM-enriched fraction was inserted into the Pst I site of pBR322. One clone, p446, representative of a number of similar clones, contained a region complementary to genomic unique sequences (region p446U). Southern blot analysis using COLO 320 DNA, and DNA from two other cell lines derived from the same biopsy, COLO 320 HSR and COLO 321 HSR, demonstrated amplification and rearrangement of sequences complementary to p446U when compared with 28 different tumor and normal cell lines, some of which contained DM or homogeneously staining regions (HSR). COLO 320 DM Cl 11 had approximately 110 copies per cell of the p446U sequence, or three copies per DM. COLO 320 HSR, which contained one HSR, had 35 copies per cell, while COLO 321 HSR, which contained two HSR, had 700 copies. In addition, p446U did not hybridize with insert sequences of recombinant plasmid pHM(E + H), which includes the human c-myc coding region, 3 kb of upstream flanking sequences and 0.5 kb of downstream flanking sequences, or with an exon 3 probe, pMYC RI-CLA. Amplification of p446U was also not seen in cell lines containing amplified c-myc or N-myc genes. These results indicate that more than one sequence may be amplified in DM or HSR containing tumor cells, but that they need not be amplified together in other tumors.
 ...
PMID:Cloning of a non-c-myc DNA fragment from the double minutes of a human colon carcinoid cell line. 302 9

The transformation of a potentially neoplastic cell into an autonomous highly malignant and metastatic tumor cell involves a multifactorial cascade of events. This will eventually lead not only to the emergence of a tumor cell with an unlimited potential of replication, but more important will contribute to its ability to ignore and evade homeostatic immune and non-immune regulatory mechanisms. Specifically, those mechanisms which may restrict and direct its growth, dissemination, patterns of differentiation and interaction with the cellular and humoral factors comprising its environment. However, many different factors may contribute to a highly invasive and malignant phenotype. It is obvious that one should expect that a cardinal role should be assigned to alterations in those factors which contribute to the capacity of the malignant cells with its environment at the cell membrane level, which in turn is dependent on the concerted functional expression of specialized membrane associated components (i.e. receptors, cyto adhesion molecules (CAM's), histocompatibility antigens, GAP junction complexes, extracellular matrix components, etc.). In the present studies, we have investigated the contribution of three major factors, which maybe the cause or result of alterations at the level of the cell membrane: MHC encoded antigen expression, susceptibility to the cytolytic activity of NK cells and enhanced expression of the c-K-ras proto-oncogene, as to their development of metastatic capacity of a malignant cell. To address these questions, we used metastatic (IE7) and non-metastatic (IC9) variants of the murine 3-methylcholanthrene induced T-10 fibrosarcoma. Using this system, the following major conceptually important observations were made: A. The restoration by transfection of the expression of membrane associated H-2K encoded glycoproteins abrogates the metastatic capacity of the highly metastatic tumor cell clone, IE7, irrespective of the degree of susceptibility to NK or c-K-ras oncogene expression. This reduction in metastatic capacity is followed by a significant decrease in its tumorigenicity which is concomitant with its ability to induce in vivo potent H-2K restricted CTL's. These results clearly indicate that H-2K region encoded molecules play no apparent role in determining the susceptibility of tumor cells to NK cells, and yet their loss or aberrant expression is a cardinal event in tumor progression towards metastatic capacity, a fact which is supported by similar observations achieved in other murine models (18).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:NK sensitivity, H-2, c-K-ras proto-oncogene expression and metastases: analysis of the metastatic potential of H-2 gene transfected fibrosarcoma cells. 306 49

Fried ground beef contains substances that inhibit mutagenesis in bacteria and the initiation of epidermal carcinogenesis in mice by 7,12-dimethylbenz [a]anthracene (DMBA). The inhibitors apparently act at least in part via inhibition of cytochrome P-450 activity. A highly purified fraction that inhibited cytochrome P-450 activity in vitro was isolated by HPLC and characterized by GC-MS, and by UV and proton NMR spectroscopy. The fraction contained four isomeric derivatives of linoleic acid each containing a conjugated double-bond system (designated CLA). Synthetically prepared CLA (containing all four isomers) was tested for anti-initiation activity in the two-stage mouse epidermal carcinogenesis system. Seven days, 3 days and 5 min prior to DMBA application, CLA was applied at doses of 20, 20 and 10 mg respectively. Control mice were treated similarly with linoleic acid or solvent (acetone). One week after initiation, and twice weekly thereafter, all mice were treated with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate to effect tumor promotion. There was no difference in tumor incidence or yield between linoleic acid-treated mice and solvent-treated control mice. By contrast, the CLA-treated mice developed only about half as many papillomas and exhibited a lower tumor incidence compared with the control mice.
 ...
PMID:Anticarcinogens from fried ground beef: heat-altered derivatives of linoleic acid. 311 46

We have previously shown that inhibition of uPA activity of a human tumor-HEp3-results in a drastic reduction of its metastasis in the chick embryo. Using 125IUdR-labeled tumor cells, we have now studied the role of uPA in individual steps of tumor metastasis. We found that, 48 hr after inoculation of tumor cells on the CAM, the organs of the embryos, inoculated with cells in which uPA was inhibited, contained 4-fold less cells than the controls. Neither the initial advance of the tumor mass into the CAM nor the process of extravasation was affected by the inhibition of tumor uPA. However, the infiltration of the CAM mesenchyme by individual tumor cells was blocked when tumor uPA activity or production was inhibited. In addition, indirect evidence implicated uPA as an essential factor in the tumor cell intravasation.
 ...
PMID:Plasminogen activator dependent pathways in the dissemination of human tumor cells in the chick embryo. 312 81

The histogenesis of Ewing sarcoma, the second most frequent bone tumor in humans, remains controversial. Four Ewing cell lines were analyzed by immunological methods. A panel of antibodies directed to T, B, and myelomonocytic markers gave negative results. Surface antigens recognized on Ewing cells were found to be related to the neuroectoderm lineage. Ganglioside GD2, a marker of neuroectodermal tissues and tumors, was present on all lines. These were also stained by the mouse monoclonal antibody HNK-1, which detects a carbohydrate epitope present on several glycoconjugates of the nervous system, including two glycoproteins, the myelin-associated glycoprotein and the neural cell-adhesion molecule (N-CAM), and an acidic glycolipid of the peripheral nervous system. The P61 monoclonal antibody, which reacts with a peptide moiety of N-CAM, and a rabbit antiserum, raised to purified mouse N-CAM and not recognizing the HNK-1-defined epitope, were also reactive. By contrast, all antibodies specific for hematopoietic cell surface antigens were totally negative. Besides these antigenic features, Ewing sarcoma cells are characterized by a specific t(11;22)(q24;q12) translocation also observed in neuroepithelioma, a neuroectodermal tumor, suggesting a possible evolutionary related origin. The recent finding that the human N-CAM gene is located at the vicinity of the breakpoint on chromosome 11 indicates that it might be involved in genetic rearrangements occurring in this region.
 ...
PMID:Phenotypic characterization of Ewing sarcoma cell lines with monoclonal antibodies. 376 36

Experimental chemotherapies for 15 human cancers xenografted into nude mice were performed using 14 anticancer agents including 6 drugs in clinical use. Treatment with each single agent was performed for every cancer line using the maximum tolerated dose through continuous daily (antimetabolites) or intermittent (cytocidal agents) schedules. Effectiveness of each drug was evaluated by inhibition rate (IR) calculated from mean tumor weights of both treated and untreated groups. Response to a treatment was judged as effective when the IR was higher than 58%. Response rate of each drug was as follows; MMC was 67%, UFT 67%, CPA 47%, FT-207 40%, ACNU 33%, ADR 27%, SOAz 87%, 5'-DFUR 80%, MXT 20%, Leakadine 17%, M-83 17%, CAM 0% and GANU 0%. Generally, the experimental results for each drug on the xenografts was in good accordance with the known clinical effect of each drug on the same type of cancer. On the other hand, individual cancer xenografts showed considerable differences in chemosensitivity. Some tumors were sensitive to a majority of the drugs, whereas some were resistant to many of them. Each cancer line seemed to retain individuality in its spectrum of chemosensitivity irrespective of whether it originated from the same organ or whether it was of similar histologic type. This fact suggests the necessity of selecting drugs effective to the individual tumor when considering a patients chemotherapy regime.
 ...
PMID:[Chemosensitivity of human gastrointestinal and breast cancer xenografts in nude mice]. 397 May 56

This study compares the tumorigenicity of SV40 primary tumor cell lines, tsA and wild-type SV40-transformed Chinese hamster cells, at two temperatures, 37 degrees C and 40.5 degrees C, inoculated onto the chorioallantoic membrane of the chicken egg. The SV40 primary tumor cell lines varied in their efficiency of takes at 37 degrees C from 78% for the H65-90B tumor line, 73% for the H80-7A and 25% for the H80-4 line. At 40.5 degrees C the H80-4 was unable to form tumors; however, the H80-7A and H80-4 produced 70% and 20% tumors respectively. Histologically, all CAM tumors were fibrosarcomas identical to the transplanted tumors, however, the tumor(s) at 40.5 degrees C were smaller. Chinese hamster wild-type SV40-transformed cells were equally efficient (32%) at tumor production at both temperatures. The tsA-SV40-transformed Chinese hamster cells (A58 and A58-2) induced 34% tumors at 37 degrees C and 9% tumors at 40.5 degrees C. At 37 degrees C these tumors were typical fibrosarcomas; however, the 40.5 degrees C tumors were smaller and less cellular, resembling a more differentiated fibrosarcoma. Therefore, the tsA Chinese hamster transformed cells were less efficient at tumor induction at the non-permissive temperature; however, the primary tumor lines also demonstrated a variability in tumorigenicity (H65-90B and H80-4). Possibly factors other than the temperature-sensitive viral protein (big "T" antigen) may be involved in establishing a tumor on the chicken CAM.
 ...
PMID:Tumorigenicity of tsA and wild-type simian virus 40 transformed cells inoculated onto the chicken chorioallantoic membrane. 629 68

A newly synthesized mycophenolic acid (MPA) derivative, ethyl O-[N-(p-carboxyphenyl)-carbamoyl]-mycophenolate (CAM, NSC-297879D) was tested for antitumor activity, when given orally, against transplantable murine tumors. The compound was markedly effective against transplantable murine tumors. The compound was markedly effective against leukemia P388 and L1210, lymphoma L5178Y, mastocytoma P815 and sarcoma Meth-A, moderately effective against sarcoma-180, C3MC2 and BAMC1, Ehrlich carcinoma, Lewis lung carcinoma and melanoma B16 and marginally effective against hepatoma MH134. The antitumor effects were manifested not only in growth inhibitory effects on subcutaneously transplanted tumors but also in the prolongation of life span of mice int which the tumors had been inoculated intraperitoneally or subcutaneously. The growth of primary transplants of a mammary tumor which developed spontaneously in a C3H/He mouse was inhibited by consecutive administration of CAM frm the 34th day after the transplantation. Oral CAM was more potent than its mother compound, MPA, in the tumor models examined. These results indicate that orally administered CAM has a wide antitumor spectrum.
 ...
PMID:Antitumor activity of a new compound, ethyl O-[N-(p-carboxyphenyl)-carbamoyl]-mycophenolate, against various experimental tumors upon oral administration. 727 50

An increasing interest in fish species as sentinels of environmental pollution and in carcinogenesis research has led to the identification of diagnostically challenging neoplasms of uncertain cellular origin and the need for additional diagnostic methods. To determine the potential of using commercially available antibodies to intermediate filament proteins on paraffin-embedded fish tissues for immunocytochemistry in tumor diagnosis, the application of three antikeratin antibodies to normal adult tissues from two fish species was assessed. Multiple tissues from 12-14-in. striped bass (Morone saxatilis) and 6-month-old medaka (Oryzias latipes) of both sexes were fixed in Bouin's or formalin fixatives. Formalin-fixed neoplasms from several mammalian species, including cat, dog, hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris, Erinaceus europaeus), rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta), and sloth bear (Melursus ursinus), were also used as positive controls. Using a strepavidin horseradish peroxidase method on paraffin-embedded tissues, the broad spectrum antibodies AE1/AE3 (Boehringer Mannheim, Indianapolis, IN) and MAK-6 (Triton Biosciences, Alameda, CA), which recognize most of the 19 human cytokeratins, and CAM 5.2 (Becton Dickinson, Mountain View, CA), which recognizes cytokeratins present in human liver, were used as primary antibodies. Epithelia from skin, gills, cornea, bile ducts, renal tubules, gastrointestinal tract, and thymus were strongly positive with AE1/AE3 and MAK-6 in striped bass, but nonepithelial tissues such as bone and muscle were negative. Skin, gills, cornea, and portions of the gastrointestinal tract were strongly positive in medaka with the same antibodies, whereas bile duct, renal, and intestinal epithelia were less so. Tissue digestion improved the intensity of staining, and fixation with Bouin's fixative improved results somewhat compared with formalin fixation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:The immunocytochemistry of cytokeratin in fish tissues. 750 8


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>