Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In vitro growth of rat atriocaval epithelial tumor cells (ACT-1) was enhanced by the inclusion of xenogeneic mouse adherent peritoneal exudate cells (PECs) in a two-layer soft agar system. A linear relationship was found between the number of cells plated and the number of colonies when ACT-1 tumor cells were plated at plating densities of between 1 and 5 X 10(5) cell/60 mm plate (r = 0.9, P less than 0.001). Inclusion of irradiated PECs in the bioassay for tumor stem cells resulted in a two and a half-fold increase in colony formation in three separate experiments (P less than 0.001).
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PMID:Enhancement of rat ACT-1 tumor clonogenicity by xenogeneic mouse macrophages. 650 Jun

The histologic characteristics and clinical features of six new cases of ACT of the minor salivary glands are reported. These neoplasms accounted for 3.8% of all the minor salivary gland tumors examined by our service. Three cell types were identified: acinar, vacuolated, and intercalated duct-cell. Those cell types were organized in three growth patterns: solid, papillary, and microcystic. Tumor cells were PAS positive both before and after treatment with diastase. Occasionally, they were slightly positive to mucicarmine staining. According to our study, ACT occurs in adult life, apparently without sex preference. Asymptomatic swelling was the most frequent presenting symptom; however, on occasion pain and ill-fitting dentures were reported. Most of the tumors in were described as fixed soft tissue masses, less than 1.5 cm in diameter. No recurrences or metastases were seen in any of the patients for a mean period of four years. Simple surgical removal was the therapeutic measure used in all cases.
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PMID:Acinic cell tumor of the minor salivary glands. 695 93

We made an effort to identify a reliable source for obtaining large quantities of both free (PSA) and PSA-ACT complex for the preparation of the calibrator for the PSA assay. Using size exclusion chromatography, we found both free PSA and PSA-ACT complex in the conditioned cell medium of the LNCaP cell line, which was derived from a human metastatic adenocarcinoma of the prostate. An assay specific for PSA-ACT reacted only with the PSA-ACT complex from cells grown in serum-free medium, and not with the complex from the cell medium grown in 10% calf serum. We also found both free PSA and PSA-ACT complex in 15% of cytosols prepared from breast tumor tissues; the cytosol PSA concentrations ranged from 0.1 to 110 ng/ml. No correlation was found between cytosol PSA and concentrations of estrogen receptor, progestin receptor, epidermal growth factor receptor, cathepsin D, or the ectodomain of c-erbB-2 protein. Based on chromatographic characterizations and the slope of their dose-response curves, it appears that both free PSA and PSA-ACT complex found in the cytosols are similar to PSA complex from the cell medium and the serum of prostate cancer patients. Ectopic PSA was also detected in pooled sera from patients with breast, ovarian, pancreatic, and colon carcinoma. The PSA concentrations in these serum pools increased with the level of their dominant tumor marker. In any event, the LNCaP cell medium appears to be a reliable source for obtaining both free and ACT-complexed PSA of human tumor origin for the preparation of PSA assay calibrators.
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PMID:PSA immunoreactivity detected in LNCaP cell medium, breast tumor cytosol, and female serum. 756 42

The histological examination of a meningioma-like tumour operatively removed from the left frontoparetial region of a 4-months-old baby, disclosed a high-cellular malignant neoplasia built up by streams of elongated spindle-shaped cells, and with a predominant storiform-pattern as usually seen in malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH). Immunohistochemical reactions for alfa-I-ACT and Lys were negative; tumor cells expressed vimentin. Electronmicroscopy disclosed fibroblast-like cells. This tumour was compared with a recurring malignant fibroblastic meningioma characterised, in the recurrence, by storiform areas. In this second tumour, alfa-I-ACT was highly positive. Questions concerning the occurrence of primary cerebral MFHs are discussed. The immunohistochemical findings in-the tumours of the present investigation underline the not-specificity of so-called histiocytic markers.
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PMID:Peculiar meningeal tumour in a 4-months old baby: malignant fibrous histiocytoma? 756 71

Our previous study revealed that mutations of the p53 gene were detected by cDNA sequencing in one of four (25%) primary gastric tumors and in five of six (83%) gastric cancer cell lines. It was of interest that all five cell lines established from metastatic lesions had p53 gene mutations, while the single cell line established from a primary tumor lacked an abnormality. Thus, the current study was initiated to determine the frequency of p53 mutations in 10 pairs of samples from primary gastric carcinomas and their lymph node metastases, in addition to morphologically normal gastric mucosa. In addition, we correlated the findings with other relevant molecular markers including the metastasis associated nm23-H1 gene and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) using multiple polymorphic markers for chromosome 17p and sequencing the entire open reading frame (ORF) of the p53 gene. Five of ten (50%) patients were constitutionally heterozygous for one or more 17p and/or p53 probes (pYNZ 22, BamHI RFLP; pMct35.1, Mspl RFLP; php53cl, Bg/II RFLP), while none had LOH at the 17p and/or p53. A Bg/II RFLP for analysis of possible nm23-H1 somatic allelic deletion revealed no LOH out of four informative cases. One paired sample demonstrated the substitution of valine for isoleucine at codon 41 (GTT to ATT) in both primary gastric tumor and metastasis. Another metastatic sample demonstrated the substitution of proline for threonine at codon 278 (CCT to C/ACT) in addition to a non-mutated codon, while only the wild-type p53 sequence was present in the paired primary gastric tumor tissue.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Comparison of p53 gene mutations in paired primary and metastatic gastric tumor tissues. 790 5

Immunotherapy using IL-2 alone or combined with activated lymphocytes has been promising for metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Cytotoxic lymphocytes can be isolated from tumors, expanded in vitro with IL-2, and adoptively transferred back into the tumor-bearing host. These cells can also be transduced with the genes coding for cytokines for local delivery to tumor sites. A major drawback in adoptive immunotherapy is the cumbersome and expensive culture technology associated with the growth of large numbers of cells required for their therapeutic effect. To reduce the cost, resources, and manpower, we have developed the methodology for lymphocyte activation and expansion in the automated hollow fiber bioreactor IMMUNO*STAR Cell Expander (ACT BIOMEDICAL, INC). Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TIL) isolated from human renal cell carcinoma tumor specimens were inoculated at a number of 10(8) cells in a small bioreactor of 30 ml extracapillary space volume. We have determined the medium flow rates and culture conditions to obtain a significant and repeated expansion of TIL at weekly intervals. The lymphocytes cultured in the bioreactor demonstrated the same phenotype and cytotoxic activity as those expanded in parallel in tissue culture plates. Lymphocyte expansion in the hollow fiber bioreactor required lower volumes of medium, human serum, IL-2 and minimal labor. This technology may facilitate the use of adoptive immunotherapy for the treatment of refractory malignancies.
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PMID:Expansion of activated lymphocytes obtained from renal cell carcinoma in an automated hollow fiber bioreactor. 792 31

Glomus tumors are benign lesions composed of vessels and glomocytes in varying proportions. The histological appearance of the tumors depend upon the ratio of the vascular to the glomus cells and their differentiation as well as upon the amount and composition of the stroma. The aim of the present study was the establishment of criteria for the distinction of glomus tumor-like malformations from neoplasms with glomus cell differentiation. Using a panel of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies (vimentin, a-smooth muscle actin, desmin, pan-keratin, low molecular weight cytokeratin, EMA, NSE, S-100 protein, Factor VIII, a1-ACT) glomus tumors could be separated into three types: vascular, cellular with myxoid stroma and cellular, solid type. In the first two types the tumor growth is composed of all three components found in normal glomus body, but in a haphazard fashion and thus might be considered as tumor-like malformations. The third type is composed of perivascular arranged cells most of which acquire the phenotypical characteristics of glomocytes. This last tumor probably represent the neoplastic variant of the group of lesions designated by the term glomus tumor.
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PMID:Glomus tumor. A histological, histochemical and immunohistochemical study of the various types. 806 87

Recent advances in adjuvant chemotherapy for malignant bone tumor have been improving the survival rate and making limb-salvage surgery a reliable technique. Ewing's sarcoma is treated by multiple agent chemotherapy. We treat Ewing's sarcoma by Rosen's T-11 protocol (CYT.ADM.MTX.VCR.ACT-D.BLM). This protocol is very effective, but results are poorer than for osteosarcoma. Newly developed protocols such as EICESS (European Intergroup Cooperative Ewing's Sarcoma Study)-92, including new drugs, should be investigated. The results with malignant fibrous histiocytoma are comparable to those for osteosarcoma. We have performed an original chemotherapy protocol, called "K-1 protocol." Patients were treated with three courses of intraarterial infusion of cisplatin (120 mg/m2) and caffeine (1.0-1.5 mg/m2/day for three days continuously) at two-week intervals. If the effect was insufficient, ADM (30 mg/m2/day for two days continuously) is added to this protocol. We treat malignant lymphoma in collaboration with a hematologist and radiologist. The 5-year survival rate of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in our series was 56% in clinical stage III and 34% in clinical stage IV. We are trying third-generation chemotherapy to improve the survival rate.
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PMID:[Chemotherapy for Ewing's sarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma and malignant lymphoma]. 821 63

Anaplastic (sarcomatoid) carcinomas of the thyroid gland (ACT) seem to be decreasing in frequency. During the past 45 years, a threefold to fourfold diminution in the number of ACT cases has been seen internationally. Despite this fact, these tumors continue to pursue a lethal course in virtually all cases. Clinically, ACT are characterized by rapidly growing neck masses, often in patients who have had long-standing thyroid nodules or goiters. Microscopically, ACT shows a mixture of fusiform and pleomorphic tumor cells, with widespread permeation of surrounding cervical tissues. Osteoclast-like giant cells, intranuclear cytoplasmic invaginations, and divergent differentiation into chondro-osseous, vascular, or myogenic tissues also may be observed in ACT histologically. The common presence of admixed foci of differentiated thyroid cancer in ACT suggests that the latter neoplasm arises through the mechanism of "clonal evolution." Keratin is observed immunohistologically in roughly 80% of cases, further supporting this contention. Because the incidence of ACT has inversely paralleled increasing use of thyroid surgery in general, it may be hypothesized that early removal of hyperplastic or neoplastic thyroid tissue aborts the previously mentioned "dedifferentiation" phenomenon.
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PMID:Anaplastic (sarcomatoid) carcinoma of the thyroid gland. 836 24

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is the most important tumor marker for early detection and monitoring of prostate cancer (PCa) patients. PSA is also elevated in many patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The study of the serum PSA forms, free PSA (f-PSA) and PSA complexed with alpha 1-antichymotrypsin (PSA-ACT), may improve the discrimination between PCa and BPH. An immunoassay specific for f-PSA is reported with very low cross-reactivity (0.7%) to PSA-ACT. Serum specimens from BPH and PCa patients (determined by biopsy) with PSA levels from < 1 to > 100 ng/ml were tested. No f-PSA was detected in serum specimens from normal females (N = 50). Low levels (0-0.3 ng/ml) were detected in specimens from healthy males (N = 60). In specimens from PCa and BPH patients, the f-PSA to total PSA ratio (f/t) was found to range from 1% to higher than 60%. While maintaining an 80% sensitivity for cancer, the f/t ratio improved specificity to approximately 80%, as compared to 55% for total PSA alone. The receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis of the f/t ratio displayed a greater area under the plot (0.84) compared to total PSA alone (0.745). The results demonstrate that the f/t ratio significantly increases specificity for PCa detection compared to total PSA alone, showing the potential clinical value of the f-PSA immunoassay.
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PMID:Dual monoclonal antibody immunoassay for free prostate-specific antigen. 854 76


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