Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Phenotypes of the tumor cells of malignant histiocytosis (MH) were studied by using monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies in 18 autopsy cases. The tumor cells expressed different antigens in various degrees. Almost all tumor cells showed positive reaction for alpha 1-ACT; partially for alpha 1-AT, LCA and a few for lysozyme as well as LeuM1. It was most likely that the tumor cells of MH originated from the mononuclear phagocytic system (MPS). In order to reveal the relationship between MH and immunodeficiency, morphological changes of the lympho-reticular system in 18 cases of MH were studied. It was found that the lymphoid tissues, including lymph nodes, thymus, tonsil, spleen, bone marrow, lymphoid tissues of GI tract and lung etc showed severe depletion. These findings indicate that MH usually combine with immunodeficiency which is also closely related to the pathogenesis and pathological changes of MH.
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PMID:[Malignant histiocytosis and immunodeficiency]. 258 56

This study was carried out to evaluate whether the preoperative levels of serum glycoproteins (CEA, SCC, TPA, IAP, ACT, ASP and sialic acid) and HLA antigens (class I and II) could be potential aids in the selection of suitable gastric and esophageal cancer patients for postoperative adjuvant immunotherapy of PSK. Gastric cancer patients underwent gastrectomy and received postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy (MMC, FT and ADR) with or without PSK. One hundred and forty esophageal cancer patients in cooperative study groups (organizing chairman; Dr. Hiroshi Satoh) underwent esophagectomy and received postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy (FT, BLM) with or without PSK. The efficacy of PSK was recognized in the patients with normal levels of all glycoproteins in gastric cancer, and with normal levels of CEA or SCC or TPA and abnormal levels of one or more APRs in both gastric and esophageal cancer, and with positive HLA-B40 antigen. The combination of tumor-associated factors, such as CEA, SCC and TPA and various non-specific reactants such as APRs was useful as a prognostic indicator. In addition, some of HLA antigens were also valuable. The pretreatment levels of glycoproteins and HLA antigens have potential aids in the selection of patients with gastric and esophageal cancer for PSK treatment.
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PMID:[Clinical effects of PSK on esophageal and gastric cancer patients and usefulness of serum levels of glycoproteins and HLA antigens as prognostic indicators]. 258 37

The histological similarities and the common localization are the main causes of difficulties concerning the differential diagnosis between giant cell tumor of bone and chondroblastoma. The purpose of the present study was to detect whether histochemistry and/or immunohistochemistry could help to make the distinction between these two entities easier. The study was based on cases of chondroblastoma and giant cell tumor of bone from patients in the 2nd and 3rd decades of life. Histochemical detection of special intracellular and extracellular components (glycogen, glycosaminoglycans) as well as immunohistochemical investigation using various tumor markers (S-100, NSE, a-1-ACT, lysozyme, fibronectin) were performed on parallel paraffin sections. The presence of abundant intracytoplasmic glycogen granules and the immunoreactivity of the cells of chondroblastoma with S-100 and NSE, together with the presence of acidic sulfated glycosaminoglycans in the stroma, could help the differential diagnosis of this tumor from giant cell tumor of bone.
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PMID:A combined immunohistochemical and histochemical approach on the differential diagnosis of giant cell epiphyseal neoplasms. 271 Jun 83

Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections from 26 malignant fibrous histiocytomas (MFH) and 61 benign fibrohistiocytic proliferations (BFHP) were evaluated immunohistochemically. An avidinbiotin-peroxidase technique was used to determine immunoreactivity for alpha-1 antichymotrypsin, muramidase, HLA-DR, leucocyte common antigen, S-100 protein, vimentin, desmin, and keratin. MFHs were consistently positive for ACT and vimentin and inconsistently reactive for the other antigens. MFHs were negative for LCA suggesting a mesenchymal origin for these lesions. In the MFH histologic subtypes, antigen expression was not significantly different to be useful in their classification. Also no distinctive pattern emerged relative to immunoreactivity and tumor location. The benign lesions, giant cell tumor of tendon sheath, dermatofibroma, and oral benign fibrous histiocytoma differed from the MFHs in that they were often LCA positive, suggesting origin from hematopoetic mononuclear-macrophages. The immunoprofiles of peripheral fibromas and "giant cell" fibromas were felt to be consistent with origin from mesenchymal cells. Several of the antigens studied could be used to differentiate the benign lesions studied from other benign neoplasms. The antigens were, however, of little value in separation of benign and malignant lesions.
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PMID:Immunoprofile of benign and malignant fibrohistiocytic tumors. 282 Dec 12

The role of chemotherapy in the treatment of retinoblastoma (RB) is unsatisfactory and clinical research is severely limited. A xenograft model for testing chemotherapeutic and other agents has been developed by the heterotransplantation of human RB cells into the anterior chamber of the nude mouse eye. A grading system for visually monitored tumor growth was designed to allow serial observations and documentation of the response to therapy in the model. This method of monitoring compared favorably with histopathologic, photographic, or other criteria in the reproducible, sequential evaluation of tumor status. Six chemotherapeutic agents [vincristine (VCR), doxorubicin (DOX), actinomycin D (ACT-D), dimethyltriazeno-imidazole carboxamide (DTIC), cyclophosphamide (CPM), and diaziquone (AZQ)] were then tested in the model against a patient-derived xenograft line. Results were expressed as the delay in tumor progression judged by serial grading. CPM produced a consistent response in all treated tumors, as did DTIC to a lesser, more variable extent. In 3 of 10 tumors treated with CPM and in 1 of 18 treated with DTIC, complete responses were maintained for at least 20 weeks. VCR, DOX, and ACT-D were ineffective, producing patterns of tumor progression no different from those in the control group. AZQ was most effective, producing responses far exceeding those of conventional agents. The model allows quantitative documentation of the response to therapy in heterotransplanted human RB. Further testing of new agents and combinations is warranted. AZQ may be active against RB.
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PMID:Evaluation of response to chemotherapy in retinoblastoma heterotransplanted to the eyes of nude mice. 291 May 12

Seventy-eight cases of MMR selected from 141 cases of so-called malignant granulomatosis (MG) in our hospital during the past 27 years (1960-1986) are reported. All were treated mainly by radiotherapy, and 50 cases had been followed for long period. The overall 5-year survival rate was 44%. Although most of the patients died within 2 years, two had survived for more than 20 years after treatment. The microscopic features of these lesions were consistent with the peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTL), which occur in other organs or sites as well. It could be roughly divided into two groups: monomorphic and polymorphic. Monomorphic lesions could be subdivided into several types again, such as large cell, mixed cell, clear cell, intermediate round cell types, and so on. In these cases, 11 were assayed for immunophenotype, including kappa, lambda and ACT, showing that the tumor cells were negative. Furthermore, 3 other new cases were stained with B1, IgM, Kappa, lambda, and/or Leu-2, Leu-3, Leu-4. Two of them were positive for Leu-3+, Leu-4+ and one for Leu-2+, Leu-3+, Leu-4+. All the results conform well to the diagnostic criteria of PTL as agreed upon by some Chinese and foreign authors. That means most of the MMR may be a group of heterogeneous extranodal PTL, and should be treated as T-cell lymphomas.
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PMID:[Midline malignant reticulosis (MMR) and peripheral T-cell lymphoma--a clinicopathologic study of 78 cases]. 324 2

This report deals with a randomized prospective multicentric clinical trial in childhood rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) conducted to evaluate the toxicity and the effectiveness of dactinomycin (ACT-D) administered as high, single doses v five-day, divided doses administered in combination with vincristine (VCR) and cyclophosphamide (CYC). Fifty-five group III evaluable patients (pts) less than 15 years of age with tumor size greater than 5 cm in diameter, without high-risk features of CNS involvement, and 15 group IV RMS pts were randomized to receive VAC as primary chemotherapy (CT): VCR, 1.5 mg/m2 intravenously (IV) days 1 and 8; CYC, 275 mg/m2 IV days 1 through 5; and ACT-D, 0.45 mg/m2 IV days 1 through 5 every 28 days for three cycles (33 pts), or VAC-M: CYC, 150 mg/m2 intramuscularly (IM) days 1 through 7; VCR, 2.0 mg/m2 IV day 8; and ACT-D, 1.7 mg/m2 IV day 8 every 21 days for four cycles (37 pts). Major responses (complete plus partial responses [PR]) were obtained in 67% of the VAC pts and in 70% of the VAC-M pts. Toxic effects were low, and no increased toxicity was observed in pts treated with high, single-dose ACT-D. These results confirm the effectiveness and feasibility of single, high doses of ACT-D with the advantage of requiring less pt hospitalization.
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PMID:Tumor response and toxicity after single high-dose versus standard five-day divided-dose dactinomycin in childhood rhabdomyosarcoma. 335 6

A case of leiomyosarcoma of the urinary bladder in a 33-year-old female is reported. She was admitted with the complaint of gross hematuria. Cystoscopic examination showed a thumb-tip sized mass, located at the dome. CT showed a wide-based tumor at the dome (CT number was 60.2 H.U.). Segmental resection of bladder was performed, followed by radiation and chemotherapy (VCR, ACT-D, CPM and ADM). She is alive without evidence of disease 13 months after surgery. A case report and review of the literature are presented.
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PMID:[A case of leiomyosarcoma of the urinary bladder]. 372 34

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) type common surface antigens (CSA) were examined by indirect immunofluorescence with rabbit antiserum to HSV type 1 in a clonal hamster cell line 155-4 transformed by HSV type 2. The tumor formation was examined in hamsters transplanted with various transformed and tumor cells. The examination of subclones derived from 1554-cell line gave the following results. (1) Thirty subclones were isolated and classified into three phenotypes as to CSA expression: (i) in CSA-positive type (20% of the clones isolated), the number of CSA-positive cells increased soon (5 hr) after seeding at 37 degree; (ii) in CSA-inducible type (33% of the clones), the number of CSA-positive cells increased after treatment with actinomycin D (ACT-D, 2 micrograms/ml), but not without ACT-D; (iii) CSA-negative type (47% of the clones), the number of CSA-positive cells did not increase after seeding or after ACT-D treatment. (2) In tumor cell lines derived from the parent line and from three representative clones, CSA expressions were similar to that by CSA-negative type. (3) Transformed cells expressing CSA after seeding or after ACT-D treatment formed tumors and metastases less efficiently than cells expressing little CSA in transplanted hamsters. (4) Tumor cell lines formed tumors and metastases more efficiently than transformed cells expressing little CSA in transplanted hamsters.
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PMID:Expression of herpes simplex virus common surface antigens and malignancy by clonal cells of a herpes simplex virus type 2-transformed line. 628 Nov 15

Serum tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) levels were measured in 33 patients with esophageal cancer, 39 with stomach cancer and 50 with colon cancer. At the same time five glycoproteins, namely immunosuppressive acidic glycoprotein (IAP), alpha 1-antichymotripsin (alpha 1-ACT), acid soluble glycoproteins (ASP), sialic acid and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), were measured for comparison. The mean TPA values were 59.0 +/- 15.4 U/l in 61 normal subjects, 103.6 +/- 104.2 U/l (positive rate, 24.2%) in esophageal cancer patients, 111.9 +/- 49.8 U/l (71.8%) in stomach cancer patients and 124.8 +/- 195.5 U/l (40%) in colon cancer patients. The serum TPA levels in patients with stomach cancer rose with an increased number of involved lymph nodes and with a higher degree of infiltrative growth and increased with the advancement of tumor growth postoperatively. Serum TPA levels correlated well with those of alpha 1-ACT, IAP and ASP in stomach cancer patients and with those of CEA, ASP and sialic acid in colon cancer, but not in esophageal cancer patients. It is suggested that the serum TPA might represent one of the reactant proteins and/or tumor-associated antigens that appear to be dependent upon the cancer status.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of tissue polypeptide antigen in patients with esophageal, stomach and colon cancer]. 648 66


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