Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The subrenal capsule assay (SRCA) was used to study the sensitivity of breast cancer to cytostatic drug combinations. The results were compared with steroid receptor status. Forty-five of 46 SRCAs (98%) were macroscopically evaluable. However, a histological study implied that the transplants should also be evaluated histologically, because in only 14/21 (67%) of the control SRCAs examined were histologically viable tumor cells seen. An inflammatory cell reaction was noticed in half of the cases. In the groups treated with cytostatics only 3/21 (14%) had vital tumor cells, whereas inflammation was evident in 4/21 (19%) of the cases. The rate of resistance to A + CTX was 30%. By testing several drug combinations against each tumor the rate of chemoresistance was reduced to 10%. The differences between A + CTX and the best combination were statistically significant (P less than 0.05). Of the tumors 79% were ER-positive and 67% PR-positive. Receptor-negative tumors tended to be more sensitive to cytostatics than receptor-positive tumors (100 vs 85%). The difference was not, however, statistically significant. It can be concluded that the SRCA under standardized conditions is a good method for studying the response of individual breast cancers to chemotherapy.
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PMID:Subrenal capsule assay in human breast cancer. Response to cytostatic drug combinations and correlation with receptor status. 407 80

The testicular carcinoma serially transplanted in nude mice with BALB/c genetic background was used for experimental chemotherapy. A stable growth and a high production of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) were observed in this tumor line. The effect and side effect of Cis-platinum (CDDP) and other anticancer agents on this tumor line in nude mice were studied by the chemotherapy with single administration of CDDP 2 mg/kg, 4 mg/kg, 6 mg/kg and 8 mg/kg, and the combination chemotherapy with CDDP, Vinblastine (VBL) 0.1 mg/kg, Bleomycin (BLM) 0.5 mg/kg and Cyclophosphamide (CTX) 2 mg/kg. The body weight of the tumor bearing nude mice, the tumor size (length X breadth) and serum AFP level were measured every week up to 10 weeks after inoculation of the tumor mass. Six weeks after administration of these anticancer agents, the tumor mass was removed out and examined histologicaly. The effects of CDDP and other anticancer agents were observed as inhibition of the tumor growth and regression of the tumor mass. In the groups treated by the combination chemotherapy with either CDDP + VBL + BLM or CDDP + VBL + CTX, the most remarkable inhibition and regression were observed. The AFP levels were remarkably decreased in contrast with those of the control group. The changes of serum AFP levels were reflected in the tumor growth. The serum AFP levels fell down to normal level, however, the tumor mass was clearly recognized. The tumor tissue was damaged histologicaly by the single administration of CDDP. The most remarkable change was shown in the group treated by the combination chemotherapy CDDP 4mg/kg + VBL + BLM. The tumor cells were arranged one or two layers like the epithelium. This histological findings suggested that the malignant tumor could be differentiated to benign tumor. The side effect of CDDP and other anticancer agents was observed as a loss of weight. All of mice treated by the single administration at a dose of CDDP 6 mg/kg and 8 mg/kg died of the side effect of CDDP.
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PMID:[Experimental chemotherapy of human testicular carcinoma transplanted in nude mice]. 619 80

Resistance of mouse M5076 (M5) ovarian reticular cell sarcoma to cyclophosphamide (CTX) was obtained in vivo by repeated drug treatment followed by transplantation of the regrowing tumor. After 16 passages, we obtained an M5 subline resistant to CTX (M5-CTX-16R). Median survival times were approximately 29 and 39 days for M5 and M5-CTX-16R, respectively. Survival of M5-bearing mice given a single i.p. dose of 200 or 300 mg/kg was 160 and 168% of controls, respectively, whereas in M5-CTX-16R it ws 103 and 123%, respectively. The resistance was not reversible after 14 additional passages with no further CTX treatment. M5 and M5-CTX-16R appear similar in histological features, pattern of metastasis formation, and DNA content, as assessed by flow cytometry (hypotetraploid). Metastases of M5-CTX-16R were also resistant to CTX. Flow cytometry studies 12 and 24 hr after CTX treatment revealed a block in S and G2-M phases in both tumors. After 48 hr and at subsequent times, no cytokinetic pertubation was evident in M5-CTX-16R, whereas in M5 marked accumulation of cells in G2-M was observed at 48, 72, 96, and 120 hr. Cross-resistance was found between CTX, L-phenylalanine mustard, chlorambucil, and hexamethylmelamine. M5-CTX-16R was sensitive, but less so than M5, to cis-platinum, 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea, and imidazole-4-carboxamide,5-(3,3-dimethyl-1-triazene). Adriamycin was equally active on M5 and M5-CTX-16R, while 4'-demethylepipodophyllotoxin-9-(4,6-O-ethylidine-beta-D-glucopyranoside) was inactive. This model appears to be suitable for studies on the mechanism of resistance to CTX and alkylating agents and for screening new, non-cross-resistant drugs.
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PMID:Ovarian reticular cell sarcoma of the mouse (M5076) made resistant to cyclophosphamide. 635 29

Since January 1978 we performed chemoimmune prophylaxis in 130 patients with superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. After complete tumor resection and exclusion of an urinary tract infection as well as an impaired global immune competence treatment consisted of one intravenous application of 700 mg Cyclophosphamide (CTX)/m2 followed by 6 intravesical instillations of 120 mg BCG/50 ml saline together with BCG skin scarifications. In a total of 12.3% of the treated patients tumor recurrences were observed until the 18th month. These results compared favourably with the high recurrence rate in a group of 80 patients without CTX/BCG prophylaxis. In 48 patients with a history of recurrent tumors statistically significant treatment effects were noted after CTX/BCG (p less than 0.01) using the Wilcoxontest. In 10% of the cases, inflammatory tumor-like lesions developed. Side effects of the treatment were generally well tolerable. From the presented data it is concluded that chemoimmune prophylaxis effectively prevents recurrences in superficial bladder cancer.
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PMID:Chemoimmune prophylaxis of superficial bladder tumors: results after treatment of 130 patients in 4 years. 636 61

Clinical results of tamoxifen ('Nolvadex'-ICI) monotherapy in 44 premenopausal women with advanced breast cancer have been reviewed. Objective tumor regression was achieved in 12 (27%) patients and a further 10 (22%) were classified as 'stabilized'. Median duration of response was 12.7 months at the time of analysis. Greatest benefits occurred in soft tissue dominant and receptor-positive tumors, but there was no correlation between tumor response and other clinical manifestations of estrogen deprivation (e.g. menstrual disturbance, hot flushes). The benefits of conventional doses of tamoxifen do not therefore appear to be influenced by menopausal status and compare favorably to achievements reported after surgical oophorectomy.
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PMID:Tamoxifen (Nolvadex) for premenopausal patients with advanced breast cancer. 636 11

A transplantable transitional cell murine bladder tumor induced by N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-thiazolyl] formamide (FANFT) was characterized by tumor growth, survival time and response to chemotherapy drugs, cis-dichloro-trans-dihydroxy-bis-iso-propylamine platinum IV (CHIP), cis- diaminedichloro platinum II (DDP), cyclophosphamide (CTX) and methotrexate (MTX). Nontreated tumor-bearing mice were observed to survive 43 +/- 7 days (mean +/- SEM) with an average tumor burden of 8.45 +/- 0.65 g (mean +/- SEM) of solid tumor tissue. Lung metastasis was observed in 3 animals after 42-49 days post implantation. Microscopically, the primary tumor and the lung metastasis were structurally similar. In response to chemotherapy, tumor growth was significantly retarded (p less than 0.005) in the DDP-treated group, and survival was significantly increased in the CTX-treated group (p less than 0.001). Lung metastasis was observed in all treatment and control groups. This model has specific reproducible characteristics which make it a useful murine tumor model to study locally invasive bladder cancer.
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PMID:Evaluation of chemotherapy in a murine model for bladder cancer. 653 60

Growth characteristics, survival time, and various other parameters such as chromosome studies and DNA synthesis were evaluated in a transplantable transitional cell mouse bladder tumor induced by N-[4-5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl] formamide (FANFT). When the tumor was implanted subcutaneously, the mice were observed to survive mean 43 + 7 days (mean +/- SEM) with an average tumor burden of mean 8.45 +/- 0.60 gm (mean +/- SEM) of solid tumor tissue. In the tumor control animals, lung metastasis was noted in 3 animals at 42-49 days post implantation. The histological appearance of the primary tumor and the lung metastasis presented an undifferentiated anaplastic tumor with many spindle cells. The modal number of chromosome is 65 with several markers identifiable as abnormal in morphology. A significant decrease (p less than 0.001) in DNA synthesis was noted between 13 days and 20 days post implantation. In the evaluation of chemotherapy drugs, Cis-dichloro-trans-dihydroxy-bis-iso propylamine platinum IV (CHIP), Cis-diaminedichloroplatinum II (DDP), Cyclophosphamide (CTX) and Methotrexate (MTX) tumor growth was significantly retarded (p less than 0.005) in the DDP treated groups, however survival was not improved. Survival was significantly improved in the CTX treated group (p less than 0.001), although no significant decrease was noted in tumor growth. Lung metastasis was noted in all groups. This model has certain characteristics which make it a good model to study locally invasive bladder cancer.
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PMID:A murine model for bladder cancer. 654 40

A single dose of 50 mg/kg of cyclophosphamide (cytoxan or CTX) was given to non-tumor-bearing mice and to mice bearing the Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC). Circadian profiles in mitotic index and/or DNA-synthetic activity (DNA-SA: incorporation of tritiated thymidine into chemically isolated DNA) were monitored in normal organs and in the EAC. Mice were standardized to and kept on a 12 h: 12 h light-dark cycle with light from 06.00 to 18.00 h (CST or central standard time). In non-tumor-bearing mice, CTX at 05.00 h was more disruptive of the normal circadian profiles than was CTX at 17.00 h. CTX at 17.00 h was selected as the treatment to attempt to induce changes in DNA-SA of the EAC but concomitantly preserve the normal phasing of the circadian rhythms in the normal organs. Except for the bone marrow, CTX at 17.00 h did not perturb the normal circadian patterns in the normal organs (cornea, tongue, spleen, liver, ileum, rectum) of the EAC-bearing mice. CTX did cause a significant and prolonged inhibition of DNA-SA in the EAC. However, CTX-treated, EAC-bearing mice did not live significantly longer than saline-treated EAC-bearing mice.
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PMID:Effect of cyclophosphamide on circadian rhythms in mitosis and DNA synthesis in normal mice and mice bearing the Ehrlich ascites carcinoma. 670 76

Forty patients with diffuse poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma (DPDL) Stages II-IV were treated with three different and successive combination chemotherapy protocols. Seventeen patients were treated with the cyclophosphamide (CTX) L2 protocol which included maintenance chemotherapy for 3 years. Only three patients were treated with the NHL-3 (non-Hodgkin's lymphoma) protocol, and 20 patients received the NHL-5 program. All protocols included radiotherapy (1500-4800 rad) to areas of initial bulky disease or persistent tumor, as well as central nervous system (CNS) prophylaxis with intrathecal methotrexate in patients with bone marrow involvement. Seventy-eight percent of local recurrences occurred in previously irradiated areas. Two-year survival rates were 55% and 70% for the CTX-L2 and NHL-5 protocols, respectively. Median disease-free survival for 24 complete response (CR) patients was 16.5 months. Of the 40 patients, 37 were evaluable for response to therapy. The CTX-L2 produced an 80% total response (TR) rate, a 60% CR, and a 20% partial response (PR). The patients on the NHL-5 achieved a TR rate of 95%, 74% CR, and 21% PR. Differences in TR and CR between the two protocols were not significant. Only 1 of 3 patients on the NHL-3 protocol achieved a CR. There was a trend for age greater than 50 years to lessen the chances of CR (P = 0.091); however, sex, symptoms, stage of disease, and LDH level were not significantly related to CR rate. Response to treatment (CR versus PR versus failure) was the most important factor influencing survival (P less than 0.001); age (greater than 50 years) was also significant (P = 0.008). Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was of borderline significance (P = 0.06). Cox regression model showed age (greater than 50 versus less than 50 years, P = 0.001), LDH (greater than 500 versus less than or equal to 500 U/L, P = 0.019) and symptoms (A or B) to be the best predictors of survival.
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PMID:Treatment of diffuse poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma. An analysis of prognostic variables. 671 44

During and after chemoimmune prophylaxis with i.v. cyclophosphamide (CTX) and both intravesical and systemic BCG-treatment, the bladder mucosa is prone to morphological changes which might resemble tumor recurrences. Therefore, morphological parameters which can discriminate between treatment effects and tumor recurrences are of interest. In a prospective study, routine cytology, determination of granulocytes, lymphocytes, and macrophages in the urine sediment as well as flow-cytophotometry (FCM) for DNA analysis were performed before, during, and after chemoimmune prophylaxis. In addition, bladder biopsies and all recurrent tumors were histologically analysed. Our results show that FCM is the best method for monitoring the bladder mucosa for recurrent tumors during treatment. After termination of BCG, it takes at least 4 months for cytological normalization to take place. Urine excretion of granulocytes, lymphocytes, and macrophages does not correlate with this process. Histological alterations during treatment are demonstrated; their normalization requires at least 3 months. In 10% of the patients chronic inflammatory lesions ("pseudotumors") develop.
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PMID:Cytomorphological and histological studies on the urothelium during and after chemoimmune prophylaxis. 674 Aug 36


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