Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A rare case of intramedullary holocord astrocytoma extending from the medulla oblongata to the conus medullaris is reported. A 27-year-old male who had been suffering from nuchalgia for a few years was admitted to our department because of lumbago and gait disturbance. Neurological examination revealed sensory disturbances in various locations, weakness of the right lower extremity, mild swallowing disturbance, and bowel and bladder difficulties. Magnetic resonance (MR) images and myelograms showed a long cystic lesion extending from the medulla oblongata to the thoracolumbar spinal cord. Gadolinium-diethylenetriaminepenta-acetic acid (Gd-DTPA)-enhanced images detected a solid tumor located at the Th6-7 level. Two syrinx-subarachnoid shunts were placed at the upper cervical and Th12 levels. The solid neoplasm at the Th7 level was partially resected and histologically diagnosed as astrocytoma. Differentiation between cystic lesions and solid masses in the spinal cord is difficult. The usefulness of Gd-DTPA-enhanced MR imaging in the diagnosis of holocord tumor and the pathogenesis of secondary syringomyelia are discussed.
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PMID:Holocord astrocytoma--case report. 171 Mar 27

Nodular bilateral pulmonary histoplasmosis: cyto-histological correlation. A case of nodular pulmonary histoplasmosis is reported. A 29 year old man was admitted to hospital with temperature and general weakness following a short stay in a tropical country. Laboratory investigation showed an increased E.S.R. and a routine chest-roentgenogram revealed multiple bilateral nodular lesions confirmed by CT scan. Smears obtained from fine-needle-aspiration biopsy showed the presence of epithelioid cell's clusters with a few giant-cells in a background of inflammatory elements and necrotic debris. The cytological picture was consistent with an inflammatory process with necrotizing granulomatous features. The clinical evolution and the radiological picture progression caused, nevertheless, suspicion of a metastatic tumor. The histological examination of a resected peripheral nodule confirmed the inflammatory nature of the process, revealing the presence of multiple roundish encapsulated conidia 2-4 microns in diameter scattered within a granulomatous and necrotic tissue. The fungi are clearly pinpointed by using special stains like Grocott method. Serological and microbiological investigations are necessary in order to confirm the diagnosis.
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PMID:[Bilateral nodular pulmonary histoplasmosis: cytohistological correlation]. 172 Aug 89

Metastatic plexopathy is often a disabling accompaniment of advanced systemic cancer and may involve any of the peripheral nerve plexus. Brachial plexopathy most commonly occurs in carcinoma of the breast and lung; lumbosacral plexopathy is most common with colorectal and gynecologic tumors, sarcomas, and lymphomas. Regardless of the location, carcinomatous plexopathy typically is associated with severe unrelenting pain as the cardinal clinical feature. Later, weakness and focal sensory disturbances occur in the distribution of plexuses involvement. Epidural tumor involvement frequently (in more than 50% of patients) coexists with either plexopathy. In previously treated patients, the main differential diagnostic consideration is radiation-induced plexopathy. Treatment of metastatic plexopathy is palliative and includes radiotherapy to the tumor mass and chemotherapy. In selected patients, subtotal surgical resection of the tumor may be warranted. The response to therapy is modest and generally short lived. Efforts should be made to provide adequate pain control, to maximize remaining neurologic function, and to prevent complications of immobility produced by the neuromuscular dysfunction.
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PMID:Nerve plexus metastases. 172 1

Two midline oligodendrogliomas in young males were successfully totally removed after preoperative irradiation. A 33-year-old male with right lower extremity weakness had a large hypervascular mass occupying the left lateral ventricle. Even after 31 Gy whole-brain irradiation, massive bleeding occurred at surgery and resulted in only partial removal. The residual tumor markedly regressed with disappearance of abnormal vascularity after subsequent local boost irradiation. At the second operation, the tumor was totally removed. A 32-year-old male with progressive headache had a hypervascular mass with gross calcification in the right lateral ventricle. The tumor was partially resected due to its abundant vascularity and blood loss. After 60 Gy local irradiation, the tumor was moderately shrunk with a significant reduction in vascularity. At the second operation, the tumor was totally removed. Preoperative irradiation as an adjunct to surgery may increase the resectability of highly vascular tumors such as midline oligodendrogliomas.
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PMID:[Efficacy of preoperative irradiation in midline oligodendrogliomas. Report of two cases]. 172 52

Twenty-eight patients with refractory advanced malignancies were treated with a 24 hr infusion of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), Leucovorin (LV), and N-(phosphonacetyl)-L-aspartic acid (PALA) weekly. Twenty-seven patients were evaluable for the assessment of toxicity and anti-tumor activity. PALA was administered as intravenous bolus over 15 min at a fixed dose, 250 mg/m2 24 hr before the start of 5-FU and LV infusions. 5-FU was initially administered at 750 mg/m2 and was incrementally increased to 2600 mg/m2. LV was administered in a fixed dose of 500 mg/m2 concurrently with 5-FU over a 24-hr period. The course was repeated weekly. Diarrhea, stomatitis, nausea, and vomiting were among dose-limiting toxic effects. Other toxicities observed were hand-foot syndrome, hair loss of scalp/eyelashes, overall weakness, rhinitis, and chemical conjunctivitis. Maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of 5-FU in this combination and schedule was 2600 mg/m2. Seven of 14 patients treated at 2600 mg/m2 were able to tolerate the chemotherapy on a weekly basis without interruption. The other seven patients required dose de-escalation, a majority of whom contained 5-FU at a dose of 2100 mg/m2. Twenty-three of 27 patients had been previously treated. Eight patients achieved a partial response, all of whom were previously treated, except three patients. A complete response was observed in a patient with pancreatic carcinoma, previously untreated. Overall response rate for the patients who were treated at the 5-FU dose of 2100 mg/m2 or 2600 mg/m2 is 9 of 18 patients (50%).
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PMID:Phase I study of high dose 5-fluorouracil and high dose Leucovorin with low dose phosphonacetyl-L-aspartic acid in patients with advanced malignancies. 173 89

A rare case with cervical dural arteriovenous malformation was reported. A 46-year-old female was admitted to our hospital because of progressive gait disturbance. Neurological examination revealed muscle weakness and sensory disturbance in the upper and lower limbs. Cervical X-ray showed destruction of the C5 vertebral body an enlarged C5-6 intervertebral foramen. Cervical CT showed a dumbbell type lesion resembling spinal tumor. On MRI, a signal area was observed posterior to the C5 spine on T1 and T2 weighted images. Myelography showed worm-like appearance. Selective spinal angiography revealed dural arteriovenous malformation fed by bilateral radicular arteries, thyrocervical and costocervical trunks. The authors emphasize significance of dural arteriovenous malformation as a cause of tumor-like lesions.
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PMID:[A case of cervical dural arteriovenous malformation showing the dumbbell type growth]. 176 56

Skull base tumors involving the clivus, petrous bone, and adjacent areas can be formidable lesions to successfully remove without causing significant neurologic deficits. At our institution in the last 5 years, twenty patients out of 103 patients with skull base tumors have undergone the supratentorial-infratentorial combined approach for removal of a neoplasm (nine schwannomas, six meningiomas, two epidermoids, one extensive basal cell carcinoma, one pontine cavernous malformation, and one basilar artery aneurysm). The average patient age was 43 years. The combined approaches in conjunction with the subtemporal exposure were retrosigmoid-retrolabyrinthine, retrosigmoid-translabyrinthine, or retrosigmoid-transcochlear. The choice depended upon the type and location of the lesion and the deficits noted preoperatively. Basically, the approach allowed communication of the middle fossa and posterior fossa by totally dividing the tentorium as much as necessary for effective surgical manipulations. Both sigmoid and superior petrosal sinuses are divided. There were no deaths. Postoperative neurologic deficits included temporary seventh nerve paralysis, sixth nerve weakness, fifth nerve sensory deficits, cerebrospinal fluid leaks, and hydrocephalus requiring a shunt. Overall, the results were very gratifying, considering the difficulties encountered in the surgical removal of these lesions.
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PMID:Combined approach for lesions involving the cerebellopontine angle and skull base: experience with 20 cases--preliminary report. 178 68

A previously unreported association between a familial predisposition to colonic neoplasia and familial adult onset lower motor neuron (LMN) degeneration is reported. Two brothers presented at the ages of 53 and 44 years with multiple colonic adenomata and invasive colonic carcinoma respectively. Subsequently both developed a virtually identical pattern of motor neuron disease of progressive muscular atrophy type. At presentation both had LMN weakness affecting predominantly the upper limb and neck muscles. The disease progressed rapidly to involve the lower limb and bulbar musculature and both brothers died after a 15 month course. Necropsy was performed on one brother and showed pathological changes confined to the LMNs with no evidence of involvement of the pyramidal tracts or motor cortex. The combination of these diseases in two brothers may be of importance in the search for genes responsible for familial motor neuron disorders. It is suggested that a genomic search should be directed initially to the vicinity of known colon neoplasia genes, particularly 5q, 17q and 18q.
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PMID:Lower motor neuron degeneration and familial predisposition to colonic neoplasia in two adult siblings. 180 Jun 72

A case of malignant meningioma with repeated multiple recurrence was reported. A 22 year-old male first underwent the total removal of left parieto-occipital convexity meningioma in 1965. Although he had lived an uneventful life after the operation, he recognized motor weakness of the left lower limb in April 1985 when he was 41 years old and CT revealed a large tumor in the parieto-occipital parasagittal region. He underwent the total removal of the tumor and cranioplasty on May 23, 1985. After the second operation, repeated recurrence of multiple tumors was seen, which were in the frontal, parietal and occipital convexities, parasagittal regions and falx. He underwent further operations on January 23, 1986, December 11, 1986, March 30, 1987 and July 20, 1987 in addition to the first and second ones. Histological study on every operation indicated malignant meningioma with mitosis, hypercellularity and necrosis. Though radiotherapy (56 Gy whole brain irradiation) was conducted after the sixth operation, multiple tumors recurred and clinical symptoms and signs deteriorated gradually and he finally died September 9, 1989. In malignant meningioma such as our case, early aggressive radiotherapy and chemotherapy should be considered besides radical operations.
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PMID:Malignant meningioma with repeated multiple recurrence. A case report. 182 7

Historically, the prognosis for a child diagnosed with a brainstem tumor has been bleak. The development of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has allowed for detailed visualization of tumors within the brainstem. This knowledge combined with the clinical history and neurological examination allows subcategorization of such tumors and delineation of children who might benefit from surgery. Surgical candidates include children with long clinical histories, focal neurological deficits and focal, cystic, exophytic or cervico-medullary tumors on the MRI scan. All children have the potential for multiple cranial nerve abnormalities, extremity weakness and swallowing and breathing difficulties. Nursing care of patients with brainstem tumors is complex and challenging.
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PMID:Current trends in the management of brainstem tumors in childhood. 183 43


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