Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Scalp somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) and spinal evoked potentials (SpEP) were simultaneously recorded from the exposed surface of the upper cervical cord after median nerve stimulation in five patients undergoing surgery for upper cervical neurinomas. Two of the neurinomas were localized at C1 nerve root, two at C2, and one at C3. All patients showed good postsurgical recovery, suggesting that the tumors had not progressed to the stage where most of the nerve fibers were irreparably damaged. In patients with unaffected superficial and deep skin sensation, both SEP and SpEP were normal. In patients with more advanced tumor, the superficial sensation was abnormal but the deep skin sensation was intact. In these patients, the action potential propagation slowed down but continued partially through the tumor site on the relatively less affected side contralateral to the tumor; however, it stopped at the site of the tumor on the ipsilateral side. It is possible that full functional recovery becomes more difficult during the next stage of tumor development when the propagation of action potentials ceases bilaterally. The intraoperative monitoring of both SEP and SpEP thus appears useful for inferring details of functional integrity and prognosis of the spinal cord near a space-occupying tumor during the critical first two stages of neoplasm in which the spinal function is normal, or a sufficiently large fraction of ascending and descending nerve fibers are functionally suppressed, but are capable of recovery after a surgical intervention.
 ...
PMID:Somatosensory and spinal evoked potentials in patients with upper cervical neurinoma. 1793 5

Purple sweet potato color (PSPC), a class of naturally occurring anthocyanins used to color food (E163), has been reported to possess a variety of biological activities, including anti-oxidant, anti-tumor, and anti-inflammatory. The effect of PSPC on the spatial learning and memory of mice treated with d-galactose (d-gal) was evaluated by the Morris water maze; d-gal-treated mice had decreased performance compared with mice in the vehicle and PSPC groups, while the PSPC+d-gal group showed significantly shortened escape latency to platform, increased swimming speed, more target quadrant search time and more platform crossings as compared with the d-gal group. Brain functions, such as memory formation and recovery of function after injury, depend on proper regulation of the expression levels of the pre- and post-synaptic proteins. We investigated the expression of four pre-synaptic proteins (growth-associated protein-43, synapsin-I, synaptophysin, and synaptotagmin) and two post-synaptic proteins (post-synaptic density protein-95 and Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II) in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex, respectively, in response to different treatments. Western blotting analysis showed that there were significant decreases in the expression of these representative synaptic proteins in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex of d-gal-treated mice. Interestingly, these decreased expression levels of synaptic proteins could be reversed by PSPC. The levels of expression of these representative synaptic proteins in mice treated with PSPC alone were not significantly different from those in untreated mice. The results of this study suggested that memory impairment and synaptic protein loss in d-gal-treated mice may be improved by treatment with PSPC.
 ...
PMID:Purple sweet potato color repairs d-galactose-induced spatial learning and memory impairment by regulating the expression of synaptic proteins. 1831 11

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a progressive loss of midbrain dopaminergic (DA) neurons and a subsequent reduction in striatal dopamine. As a treatment for advanced Parkinson's disease, deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the thalamus was introduced in 1987 to treat tremor, and was applied in 1993 to the subthalamic nucleus. Now high-frequency stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus has become a surgical therapy of choice. Another surgical treatment is a cell replacement therapy. Transplantation of fetal dopaminergic (DA) neurons can produce symptomatic relief, however, the technical and ethical difficulties in obtaining sufficient and appropriate donor fetal brain tissue have limited the application of this therapy. Then, neural precursor cells and embryonic stem (ES) cells are expected to be candidates of potential donor cells for transplantation. We induced DA neurons from monkey ES cells, and analyzed the effect of transplantation of the DA neurons into MPTP-treated monkeys as a primate model of Parkinson's disease. Behavioral studies and functional imaging revealed that the transplanted cells functioned as DA neurons, attenuating the MPTP-induced neurological symptoms. DA neurons have also been generated from several human ES cell lines. Furthermore, functional recovery of rat PD models after transplantation was observed. One of the major problems in ES cell transplantation is tumor formation, which is caused by a small fraction of undifferentiated ES cells in the graft. So, it is essential for undifferentiated ES cells to be eliminated from the graft in order for transplantation to be feasible. These efforts will lead to clinical application of ES cell transplantation to the patients with PD.
 ...
PMID:[Neuromodulation for Parkinson's disease]. 1845 54

One possible mechanism for language plasticity in cases of lesions in left dominant hemisphere is the recruitment of homologous region in the unaffected non-dominant hemisphere. The potential of the right hemisphere to carry out such plasticity is expressed by the functional outcome of patients with lesions in the left hemisphere acquired at childhood prior to language acquisition. Whether lesions in the dominant hemisphere acquired in adulthood can result in functional recovery of language by means of recruitment of the non-dominant hemisphere is undetermined. We describe a 28-year-old, right-handed male diagnosed with a left temporo-frontal glioma. It was decided to manage him expectantly due to the low level of suspicion of malignancy and the close proximity of the lesion to critical language function centers. Language functional MRI (fMRI) tests were performed twice within the ensuing 2 years before surgical intervention. Regional brain activation was measured within the temporal and frontal lobes. Laterality index (LI) was calculated based on the corresponding number of activated voxels. The main finding is that over time, prior to resection of the enlarged tumor, the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) changed from being strongly left lateralized in the first fMRI exam to being bilateral in the second fMRI exam, mainly due to larger activation in the right hemisphere. By that time, although the patient was not aphasic, his language performance was significantly below average. These findings suggest that a slow growing tumor in an adult language-related area might result in a functional reorganization by recruiting the right hemisphere. However, the contribution of such reorganization to the preservation of language performance remains equivocal.
 ...
PMID:Language related reorganization in adult brain with slow growing glioma: fMRI prospective case-study. 1901 66

Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA) has been considered as a low grade tumor of adolescents and young adults. Although this tumor often shows cystic component, the hemorrhage within the cyst is extremely rare. The authors report a rare case of cystic PXA with a hemorrhage within the cyst and the mural nodule in the left frontal lobe. A 64-year-old male presented with a week history of the right side hemiparesis. After gross total resection of the tumor, the patient was fully recovered from neurological deficit. It is suggested that this typically benign tumor could be presented with hemorrhage, causing a rapid neurological deterioration. Prompt surgical intervention, especially total removal of the tumor can provide an excellent functional recovery.
 ...
PMID:Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma with an intracystic hemorrhage : a case report and literature review. 1909 80

Neurotensin (NT)-polyplex is a nonviral system for the targeted gene delivery to cells that express and internalize the high-affinity NT receptor (NTSR1). In hemiparkinsonian rats, we previously demonstrated the morphological and functional recovery from dopaminergic neurodegeneration using the NT-polyplex as a vehicle to transfect a neurotrophic gene. The main objective of this work was to demonstrate the feasibility of NT-polyplex to transfect reporter or therapeutic genes into neuroblastoma tumors through the blood stream or by intratumoral injection. N1E-115 cells known to express NTSR1 were allografted into athymic mice to generate the neuroblastoma tumor model. Both routes of administration allowed the NT-polyplex to reach and transfect tumoral cells. A low transgene expression was also detected in intestinal tract cells only after the injection into the blood stream. The transfection of the thymidine kinase (HSVTK) suicide gene followed by ganciclovir (GCV) treatment decreased the size and weight of neuroblastoma tumors by 30-50% and increased apoptosis compared to controls. This study shows the potential of the NT-polyplex as specific gene-transfer system for NTSR1 cancer cells.
 ...
PMID:NT-polyplex: a new tool for therapeutic gene delivery to neuroblastoma tumors. 1918 Jan 42

Extracts of Chinese herb Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f. (TWHF) have been found to have potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive functions and widely used in China for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Also they have been considered to be the potential drugs in the treatment of tumor and acute graft rejections. With the progress of neuroimmunological research on neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson disease (PD) and multiple sclerosis (MS), the neuroprotective strategies to rescue neurons from immunological injury are currently being explored. Recently, studies have indicated that extracts of TWHF such as triptolide, tripchlorolide and (5R)-5-hydroxytriptolide are able to attenuate progression of these neuroimmunologic disorders in vitro and in vivo. Accumulating evidence has shown that they can promote neuronal survival and neurite growth and facilitate functional recovery of brain injury by invoking distinct mechanisms that are related to their neuroprotective roles as inhibitor of neuroinflammatory toxicity of activated-microglia, antioxidants, calcium channel blockers, neurotrophic actions, modulating T cell functions, inhibitor of transcriptional activation of NF-kappaB on genes and signaling. Significant pharmaceutical strategies against neuroimmunologic disorders will hopefully be discovered by understanding the valuable components of TWHF.
 ...
PMID:[Advances in the study of immunopharmacological effects and mechanisms of extracts of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f. in neuroimmunologic disorders]. 1924 46

Bone sarcomas are the fourth most common cancer in individuals under 25 years. Limb salvage procedures are popular for the treatment of osteosarcomas as they have functional and physiological benefits over traditional amputative procedures. The objective of this study was to apply disease specific measures to a group of intra-articular knee osteosarcoma patients and to evaluate structural and treatment variables predictive of the functional outcome scores. Twenty patients (10 female, 10 male) treated with tumour resection and endoprosthetic knee arthroplasty took part in the study. The Musculoskeletal Tumour Society (MSTS) rating scale and the Toronto Extremity Salvage Score (TESS) were used to assess impairment and disability respectively. Impairment was recorded as 83% and disability was recorded as 86% suggesting moderate to high function following limb salvage surgery. Task difficulty was shown to increase for activities requiring large knee flexion angles, presumably due to increased patellofemoral forces. Bivariate correlations revealed that loss of quadriceps musculature, knee extension strength and knee flexion range of motion were parameters moderately associated with the assessment instruments. ANOVA revealed no significant differences in impairment (P=0.962) or disability (P=0.411) between the differing types of prostheses. In conclusion clinicians and therapists should emphasise restoration of post-surgical range of motion and strength in order to enhance functional recovery.
 ...
PMID:Impairment and disability following limb salvage procedures for bone sarcoma. 1926 82

Peripheral nerve tumors are mostly benign; however, their excision can result in profound deficits. Nerve reconstruction strategies offer techniques to minimize morbidity. In this prospective study, 20 consecutive patients with benign peripheral nerve tumors were treated using a single-stage surgical paradigm between 2003 and 2007. Nerve fascicles were microdissected off of the tumor; any fascicle that gave origin to the tumor (was inseparable from tumor) was reconstructed using nerve conduits. Patients were followed from 6 to 24 months. All patients had neuropathic pain before tumor excision; only 1 patient had pain persist postoperatively. Seventeen patients had complete functional recovery after nerve reconstruction. No perioperative complications occurred. Benign peripheral nerve tumors require highly specialized surgical care. Tumor excision with immediate nerve reconstruction, for fascicles inseparable from the tumor, optimizes outcomes. Nerve reconstruction with available conduits or allografts should be attempted to restore anatomic integrity to any killed fascicles, thereby minimizing possible deficits.
 ...
PMID:Benign peripheral nerve tumors: treatment algorithm and reconstructive options. 1959 11

The aim of the study was to delineate rates of surgery, length of hospital stay, return to work, iterative surgery rates and cost to society of spinal tumor (ST) and spinal fracture (SF) surgery in Belgium. Overall surgery rates were obtained from the National Institute for Health Care and Disability Insurance. Medical and financial claims data were abstracted from the administrative database of the Alliance of Christian Sickness Funds which includes data of 42% of the mandatory insured Belgian population. All records including the reimbursement codes for ST and SF surgery in 2005 were identified. A logistic regression model was developed to determine the socio-demographic, surgery-related and sick leave predictors of return to work. Our database contained information about 3.791 patients who underwent surgery for SF and 2.322 patients who had surgery for ST. Year-to-year surgery rate growth for SF was estimated at 15%. The yearly increase in surgery rates for ST was calculated at 11%. The return to work rate was 90% 1 year after surgery for both SF and ST. Sixty percent of patients who underwent radiotherapy and surgery for ST were still alive 1 year after surgery. Length of hospital stay ranged from 1 to 27 days after surgery for ST and from 1 to 16 days after surgery for SF. Repeat surgery was performed in 8% of the ST cases and in 12% of the SF patients. Return to work rate remained significantly lower for blue collar workers, self-employed workers and patients with a longer sick leave before surgery. Patients who were absent from work for more than 3 months at time of surgery represent a high-risk group with regard to successful functional recovery.
 ...
PMID:Outcome and cost of spinal fractures and spinal tumors. 1966 5


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>