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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Metastatic lesions involving the spine may cause vertebral body collapse, resulting in either spinal instability or neural compression, or both. Progressive destruction of the vertebral body by the tumor may cause increasing spinal instability, leading to a kyphotic deformity and further neural deficit. Anterior decompression allows direct excision of the tumor focus and direct neural decompression. Because of postoperative irradiation, conventional bone grafts are rarely incorporated. Over an 8-year period, 52 patients with spinal instability secondary to metastatic pathological fractures of one or more vertebrae underwent anterior decompression and stabilization by replacement of the affected vertebral bodies with methyl methacrylate, polymerizing in situ. No postoperative external support was required, and the acrylic fixation achieved by this method was not affected adversely by subsequent irradiation to a mean of 4020 rads. Forty patients had major neurological impairment preoperatively and required anterior spinal cord and/or nerve root decompression prior to fixation. Of these, 21 had complete neurological recovery postoperatively, 13 others were improved significantly, five remain unchanged, and one patient deteriorated neurologically. There were three cases with failure of fixation. Seven other patients did not benefit from the procedure because of specific complications or the advanced state of their disease. The remaining 42 patients had good relief of pain and restoration of spinal stability, which did not deteriorate during the follow-up period, ranging from 6 to 100 months postoperatively.
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PMID:Anterior cord decompression and spinal stabilization for patients with metastatic lesions of the spine. 672 86

A little-known form of collapse, rounded atelectasis, is occasionally seen on chest radiographs. Previous reports are mostly in the German and French literature (Hanke collected more than 50 personal cases). Rounded atelectasis appears as a masslike lesion that often mimics a pulmonary neoplasm. Distinctive features that permit radiographic diagnosis include a rounded or oval shadow 2.5--5 cm in greatest diameter, pleural-based, usually lying along the posterior surface of a lower lobe. The blood vessels near the mass appear to be gathered together in a sheaf as they converge in a curved course toward the mass, much like the tail of a comet. The mass itself is always in contact with a chronically thickened pleura. Five cases of rounded atelectasis have been identified in recent years; three of these are reported here in some detail. Lack of familiarity with this clinically innocuous entity usually leads to a mistaken diagnosis of neoplasm and thoracotomy may be performed.
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PMID:Rounded atelectasis. 676 24

Pinealectomy (PX) increased MM1 (melanotic melanoma no. 1) hamster melanoma growth in animals held under a 14-h light, 10-h dark (14:10) photoperiod without altering tumor latency. Hamsters maintained under a 6-h light, 18-h dark (6:18) photoperiod exhibited gonadal collapse, a longer tumor latency, and slower tumor growth rate than animals held under 14:10. PX produced a further increase in tumor latency and a decrease in growth in these animals. In contrast, acute morning injection of low doses (50 micrograms/day) of melatonin or delivery by Silastic capsule (35 micrograms/day) implanted at the time of tumor cell inoculation increased MM1 melanoma growth in hamsters held under 14:10 photocycle, without affecting testicular or adrenal function. Treatment of hamsters 11 weeks before tumor cell inoculation with 14 micrograms/day melatonin via Silastic capsule produced a decrease in serum PRL but no change in tumor growth or testicular or adrenal weights in animals held under 14:10. Treatment of hamsters with 17.7 micrograms/day melatonin (Silastic capsule) 11 weeks before tumor cell inoculation increased testes and adrenal weights as well as serum PRL and androgen levels, but significantly decreased tumor growth in hamsters held under a short daily photoperiod. These results suggest that the photoperiod under which hamsters are maintained dictates the growth rate of MM1 tumors and the effect of PX on tumor behavior. When photoperiod significantly alters gonadal and adrenal function, the quantity, time, and duration of melatonin presentation are all important variables in the effect of melatonin on tumor growth.
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PMID:Photoperiodic control of melanoma growth in hamsters: influence of pinealectomy and melatonin. 687 38

The computed tomographic appearance of collapse without endobronchial obstruction is reviewed. These 57 cases were classified by the etiology of collapse. The largest group consisted of 29 patients with passive atelectasis, i.e., collapse secondary to fluid, air, or both in the pleural space. Twenty-three of 29 proved secondary to malignant pleural disease. Computed tomography accurately predicted a malignant etiology in 22 of 23 cases. The second largest group of patients had lobar collapse secondary to cicatrization from chronic inflammation. In all cases the underlying etiology was tuberculosis. Radiation caused adhesive atelectasis in six patients secondary to a lack of production of surfactant. In each case a sharp line of demarcation could be defined between normal and abnormal collapsed pulmonary parenchyma. Three cases of unchecked tumor growth caused a peripheral form of collapse (replacement atelectasis). This form of collapse was characterized by an absence of endobronchial obstruction and extensive tumor not delineated by the normal boundaries of the pulmonary lobes.
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PMID:Computed tomography of lobar collapse: 2. Collapse in the absence of endobronchial obstruction. 688 25

The trachea was investigated by means of computed tomography (CT) in 50 patients without tracheal or mediastinal abnormalities and in 39 patients with various diseases of the trachea. The variations in the normal CT appearances of the trachea and surrounding structures are described. CT did not provide additional information in the detection or characterization of tracheal stenosis beyond that obtained from more conventional studies, including tomography and positive-contrast tracheography. In patients with a saber-sheath trachea, CT demonstrated the abnormal configuration of the tracheal cartilages and abnormal collapse of the trachea on forced expiration. In patients with primary or secondary neoplasms involving the trachea, CT was most accurate in defining the intraluminal presence of tumor, the degree of airway compression, and the extratracheal extension of tumor. CT can be of value in determining the resectability of primary tracheal neoplasms and the planning of radiation therapy in metastatic lesions to the trachea and surrounding mediastinum.
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PMID:Computed tomography of the trachea: normal and abnormal. 697 85

Collapse following removal of pheochromocytoma can be usually prevented by fluid loading. Fluid infusion is administered at the early beginning of the surgical procedure and is accelerated just after removal. Some authors prefer to start the fluid infusion in the preoperative period. In every cases preload measurements are of primary importance for a safely fluid administration. Problems of fluid loading in course of pheochromocytoma surgery are studied in six patients. Hemodynamic data are collected during pre, per and postoperative periods. Pre and post operative rapid fluid loading was performed in three patients in order to obtain a left ventricular function curve. Before any fluid treatment, two groups of patients are distinguished: 1) five hypovolemic patients who are about to receive 1 000 +/- 300 ml to normalize pulmonary wedge pressure, 2) one patient with high pulmonary wedge pressure and with alterated myocardial performance observed during rapid fluid loading. Combined use of sodium nitroprusside and fluid loading allowed to control hypertensive accesses and preload elevations and to prevent collapse following tumor removal. Hypovolemia and myocardial lesions are not necessarily present in all cases of pheochromocytoma. The routine use of a pulmonary artery catheter is warranted to improve cardiac pump function by combined fluid and vasodilator management.
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PMID:[Fluid loading in the surgical care of pheochromocytoma. Hemodynamic study]. 713 65

Rounded atelectasis (RA) is an unusual form of peripheral lobar collapse which may present as a juxtapleural mass simulating a pulmonary neoplasm. Seven cases of RA were recently encountered in patients with asbestos-induced pleural disease. Since asbestos exposure is associated with mesothelioma, bronchogenic carcinoma, and other tumors, differentiation of RA from these neoplasms is essential in avoiding unnecessary thoracotomy. The radiographic features of RA are sufficiently characteristic, so that in the presence of chronic pleural thickening due to asbestos exposure, the diagnosis can be made with assurance and further work-up avoided.
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PMID:Rounded atelectasis and its association with asbestos-induced pleural disease. 723 22

Among 75 major hepatic resections from 1968 to 1978, 58 were done for severe, devitalizing hepatic trauma, two thirds of which was blunt trauma. Anatomic lobectomies were done in 32 of the trauma cases. Of the 42 patients who survived, 17 had complications postoperatively. Five patients died intraoperatively of exsanguinating hemorrhage. Eleven additional patients died between days 1 and 42, four of them within two days of cardiovascular collapse. Seventeen major resections for tumor and other conditions carried a 12% mortality; four patients each had one complication postoperatively. These cases were compared with the 50 cases previously reported from this institution, totaling 125 major hepatic resections. Despite increasing severity of injury, mortality in such trauma victims has improved from 33% in the previous series to 28% in this series; it was 24% in the latter half of this series. Mortality for elective resections has improved from 23% in the earlier series to 12% in this series. Postoperative morbidity also was reduced.
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PMID:Major hepatic resection. 724 39

More than 200 cases of chondroma of the larynx, a rare benign tumor, have been reported in the literature. The majority of these tumors arise from the cricoid cartilage on the anterior surface of the posterior lamina. Treatment consists of total excision. If the removal requires resection of a portion of the cricoid ring, leaving the larynx unstable and prone to collapse, then total laryngectomy is usually performed. A new method of reconstruction was used in two additional cases of chondroma of the larynx after removal of half of the cricoid ring, without the need for total laryngectomy, Large chondromas originated from the anterior surface of the posterior cricoid lamina in both of these cases. Treatment consisted of total removal of the tumor, after which only the anterior and lateral cricoid lamina remained. Follow-up at 2 1/2 and 1 1/2 years, respectively, has not shown any evidence of tumor recurrence, airway compromise, or laryngeal collapse. This new reconstructive procedure may obviate the need for total laryngectomy when the integrity of the cricoid ring must be violated for benign tumor.
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PMID:Chondroma of the larynx. Surgical technique. 724

Follow-up CT scans were taken from 12 cases of craniopharyngiomas after various treatment. Preoperative CT findings of craniopharyngiomas could be classified into three types. Type 1 was a non-enhanced or a thinly ring-like enhanced large cystic mass. Type 2 was a thickly enhanced large cystic mass with small solid mass. Type 3 was a large solid mass. Postoperative follow-up CT findings were as follows: Type 1 had a favorable postoperative course because the tumor tissues of the thin cystic wall seemed to collapse only with the procedure of cystic fluid aspiration. Recurrence frequently took place in patients of Type 2 and 3 if the tumor couldn't be radically removed or radiotherapy was not given after partial resection. Radiotherapy was most effective in these cases.
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PMID:[Treatment of craniopharyngioma estimated by follow-up CT (author's transl)]. 734 79


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