Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Spines from 832 deceased patients with a terminal diagnosis of malignant neoplasm were examined grossly, microscopically and radiographically for evidence of tumor. Gross tumor and bone destruction or sclerosis were reliable signs of obvious metastases. Occult lesions visualized on gross sagittal sections but not detectable radiographically occurred in 26% of spines with confirmed metastatic deposits. Vertebral collapse was not a reliable indicator of metastases. Collapse was not caused by neoplasm in 22% of cases. Overall, metastases were found in 36% of patients dying from neoplastic disease. Although most metastases are obvious, occult lesions not visible radiographically occur. Collapsed vertebra may be impostors simulating metastatic disease.
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PMID:Spinal metastases: the obvious, the occult, and the impostors. 232 92

Au(DPPE)+2 (bis[1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane] gold(I] is an organo-gold antineoplastic agent that has anti-tumor activity in a variety of in vitro cell lines and in vivo rodent tumor models. Preliminary studies suggested that this compound represented a novel class of inhibitors of mitochondrial function. The purpose of this study was, therefore, to determine the mechanism of mitochondrial dysfunction induced by Au(DPPE)+2. Au(DPPE)+2 induced a rapid, dose-related collapse of the inner mitochondrial membrane potential (EC50 = 28.0 microM) that was not potentiated by Ca2+ preloading. Au(DPPE)+2-induced dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential was accompanied by an efflux of Ca2+ from mitochondria upon exposure to Au(DPPE)+2. Ca2+ efflux in these experiments was via a reversal of the Ca2+ uniporter as efflux could be inhibited with ruthenium red. Au(DPPE)+2 did not increase the permeability of mitochondria to oxalacetate, indicating that the collapse of membrane potential may not be a result of gross increased inner membrane permeability. However, Au(DPPE)+2 may mediate an increased permeability of the inner membrane to cations and protons. Au(DPPE)+2 caused passive swelling in potassium acetate buffer in the absence of valinomycin, suggesting Au(DPPE)+2 facilitated the exchange of H+ and K+. Ca2+ cycling was not extensive and did not contribute to the decrease in membrane potential. These data suggest that one possible mechanism of Au(DPPE+2-induced uncoupling of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation is via increased permeability of the inner mitochondrial membrane to cations. The disruption of mitochondrial function may be a key process leading to hepatocyte cell injury by this drug.
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PMID:Mechanism of alterations in isolated rat liver mitochondrial function induced by gold complexes of bidentate phosphines. 245 18

We are reporting our experience in 23 patients with tumors of the thoracic or lumbar vertebrae treated via surgical anterior decompression and stabilization. Seventeen patients had metastatic disease and were treated with vertebral body resection followed by stabilization with anterior polymethylmethacrylate and threaded Harrington rods with sacral distraction hooks. Six patients had primary tumors and, following tumor resection and partial vertebral body resection, had autogenous bone graft struts placed anteriorly as well as posterior instrumentation. Posterior instrumentation was transpedicular one level above and below in the lumbar spine, and segmental hooks and rods three levels above and below in the thoracic spine. Nineteen patients presented with severe unremitting pain, and 16 had neurologic deficits, including 7 who were unable to ambulate. Radiation therapy was used as an additional treatment and routinely begun 2 weeks postoperatively. All patients survived the surgery, and none had neurologic deterioration immediately postoperatively. Eight patients had died at the time of review. The mean survival was 14 months and ranged from 6 to 38 months. Of the surviving patients, follow-up ranged from 24 to 40 months with an average follow-up of 30 months. Pain relief was excellent in all but two patients (93%). Motor recovery occurred to some extent in all patients, and only one remained nonambulatory. Complications were minor in three patients (13%) and major in one (4%). Tumor recurrence with neurologic deterioration occurred in two patients. We are very encouraged by these results, and we recommend that patients with tumors of the vertebral body with neurologic deficit or severe unremitting pain be studied with MRI and/or myelography and CT. The patients with gross vertebral destruction and greater than 50% collapse of the vertebral body, those in need of a tissue diagnosis, or those with major neurologic deficit can be effectively treated by anterior decompression and stabilization.
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PMID:Tumors of the thoracic and lumbar spine: surgical treatment via the anterior approach. 252 70

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) in patients with low ejection fraction (EF) and/or a large area of remaining viable myocardium served by the target vessel can cause hemodynamic collapse in case of acute closure. We report 11 patients in whom the cardiopulmonary bypass support (CPS) was instituted because of contraindication to surgery (Group I) or unstable angina associated with low EF and/or a large amount of myocardium perfused by the target artery (Group II). Nine were male and 2 female, mean ages of 70, with Canadian angor class I (1), II (1), or IV (9) and EF ranging from 12 to 65% (mean 34%). Thirty were the lesions to dilate; 28 were dilated successfully; in 2 an aortic dilation was also performed. One death occurred after the procedure related to collapse due to hypovolemia; another death occurred 8 months after PTCA because of pulmonary neoplasia. The other 9 patients followed-up at 1 to 8 months (mean 3.9) disclosed Canadian angor class I. The procedure's technique and the related complications are discussed. We conclude that cardiopulmonary bypass support can be used safely in patients refused to surgery and with high risk PTCA; such a procedure may expand the indication of PTCA.
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PMID:[Percutaneous coronary transluminal angioplasty with extracorporeal circulation: preliminary results]. 263 83

Inversion and prolapse into the sella of the superior capsule and the diaphragma sellae is the only condition that warrants, at least macroscopically, radical removal of tumors with suprasellar extension operated on via the transsphenoidal route. If this does not occur spontaneously, air can be introduced into the subarachnoid space through a lumbar spinal catheter to produce forced dissection of the suprasellar cisterns and collapse of the tumor capsule ("pumping technique"). This method permits complete removal of the neoplastic tissue. In a series of 124 transsphenoidal operations for tumors with suprasellar extension, spontaneous descent of the capsule occurred in only 26 cases. Forced dissection using air distension of the cisterns was carried out in 88 cases, with complete success in 56 cases, partial success in 20, and no effect in 12. There were no complications or unwanted side effects in any patient.
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PMID:Forced subarachnoid air in transsphenoidal excision of pituitary tumors (pumping technique) 236 92

The Patient was a 72-year-old man who presented with dyspnea and general fatigue. Chest X-ray and CT-scan at the admission showed bilateral pleural effusion with collapse of the left lung and pericardial effusion. Cytology from the left pleural effusion suggested malignant mesothelioma. For this reason, malignant mesothelioma of the left pleura was diagnosed clinically and it was supposed to have spread subsequently to the pericardium. At autopsy, entire surface of the heart was found to be encroached in a diffuse fashion by a thick layer of mesothelioma tissues, which formed a small mass around the left pulmonary vein over the left atrium and invaded deep into the myocardium of all cardiac chambers. The endocardium and the intima of the left pulmonary vein were free of the invasion. The parietal pericardium adhered in places to the cardiac lesion, but no direct invasion to the adjacent pleurae through the pericardial wall was present. The left pleura over the lung and chest cavity disclosed only a superficial invasion by similar mesothelioma which was identifiable only on microscopic study. No distant metastasis was present in any thoracic and other organs as well as lymph nodes including the hilar ones of the lung. It seemed most likely from this anatomical finding that the primary site of the present mesothelioma was in the pericardium (visceral) and the tumor spread to the left pleura by a continuous extension along the outside of the left pulmonary vein. Primary malignant mesothelioma of the pericardium is of very rare occurrence and we found only 51 cases of it in the Japanese literature since 1915.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Primary malignant mesothelioma of the pericardium masquerading as malignant pleural mesothelioma: report of an autopsy case and review of the reported cases in Japan as to its invasion to neighboring organs]. 268 98

Bioreductively activated alkylating agents (BAA) require metabolic reduction to become cytotoxic. Hypoxia induces a massive increase in reductive metabolism activating BAA to their cytotoxic form. One of these BAA agents is cis-2,3-dimethyl 1-(2-nitro-1-imidazolyl)-3-(1-aziridinyl)-2-propanol referred to as RSU-1164. In a hypoxic environment, RSU-1164 is activated to a highly reactive bifunctional alkylating agent capable of crosslinking macromolecules which results in cell death. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a treatment modality which consists of the initial accumulation of hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD) within a tumor followed by the activation of the HPD by 630 nm. light to induce a cytotoxic response. The precise mechanism of PDT is not known, however, two actions of the activated HPD have been documented. The first is a direct cytotoxic effect, secondary to singlet oxygen production. The second is through vascular collapse and subsequent hypoxia. The combination of a chemotherapeutic agent like RSU-1164, which is activated by hypoxia, with PDT to produce such hypoxia, therefore, should greatly increase the efficiency and utility of RSU-1164. To test this hypothesis, Copenhagen rats bearing established Dunning R-3327 AT-2 prostate cancers were treated with PDT treatment alone (HPD 20 mg./kg. injected IP and then 24 hr. later, the tumor exposed to 630 nm. light at 400 mW/cm.2 for 30 min. [total dose 720 J/cm.2]), RSU-1164 alone (injected IP at a dose of 200 mg./kg.) or with the combination of this PDT treatment plus RSU-1164 given 30 min. before light exposure. These results demonstrated that this combinational treatment synergistically produces a greater retardation in the growth of the AT-2 tumor than either of the monotherapies of RSU-1164 or PDT alone.
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PMID:Synergistic enhancement of the efficacy of the bioreductively activated alkylating agent RSU-1164 in the treatment of prostatic cancer by photodynamic therapy. 273 98

Twenty-two patients with resectable gastric cancer treated with intraoperative radiotherapy and external beam irradiation, in a Phase I-II oriented study, were analyzed. Tumor Stages were III & IV in 18 cases (82%). Tumor histology was described as diffuse undifferentiated type in 14 cases (63%). Following surgical resection of the primary tumor, IORT 15 Gy was delivered in the celiac axis area, using high energy electron beams ranging from 9 to 20 MeV. External beam irradiation fields covered the draining nodal areas of the upper abdomen and the gastric bed. There were no postoperative deaths. Reversible postoperative complications were recorded in 14 patients (63%). Long term complications observed were vertebral collapse and liver hemangiomas. First sites of recurrence have been: hepatic hilum (three cases), peritoneum combined with central axis nodes (two cases), liver metastasis (one case), and lung metastasis (one case). Survival data shows a follow-up period ranging from 1+ to 33+ months, with a median survival time for the entire group of 13+ months. At the time of this report, 16 patients (72%) are still alive and six have died (four from progressive malignant disease and two from intercurrent disease). From this preliminary data, it can be concluded that a combined approach with surgical resection, intraoperative radiotherapy, and external beam irradiation is feasible in advanced gastric carcinoma, and is not limited by toxicity or any complications observed. Despite this intense loco-regional therapeutic approach, the upper abdominal failure rate has been demonstrated in 22% of the cases.
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PMID:Intraoperative and external beam radiotherapy in advanced resectable gastric cancer: technical description and preliminary results. 274 92

Rounded atelectasis (folded lung syndrome) is a form of pulmonary collapse associated with pleural thickening that can mimic a neoplasm on plain chest radiographs. The abnormality was diagnosed radiologically in nine patients in whom follow-up varied from 1 to 6 years. Four patients had bilateral lesions, making a total of 13 examples. The CT findings were analyzed and compared with previously published criteria for the diagnosis of this disorder. In all cases, CT showed a rounded mass, 3.5-7.0 cm in diameter, abutting a thickened pleural surface in the lung periphery. The margin closest to the hilum was blurred by the entering vessels in 92% of the cases. Our experience suggests that the CT findings of rounded atelectasis are characteristic of the abnormality.
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PMID:CT features of rounded atelectasis. 275 Jun 7

The effect of the vasodilator hydralazine on tumor vascular function has been evaluated in C3H/He mice bearing subcutaneously implanted SCCVII squamous cell carcinoma. Changes in microregional perfusion following hydralazine administration were observed using a double fluorescent staining technique. Hydralazine-induced alterations in tumor blood flow were measured using laser Doppler flowmetry. The results obtained indicate that hydralazine causes a dose-dependent reduction in functional tumor vasculature implying complete flow stasis and/or vascular collapse in some vessels. Fifteen minutes after a dose of 10 mg/kg intravenously, perfusion in 36 +/- 5% (SEM) of tumor vessels was completely abolished. In addition to cessation of perfusion in individual vessels, hydralazine eliminated flow in large patches of vasculature distributed non-uniformly throughout the tumor. Hydralazine (10 mg/kg i.v.) resulted in a 67 +/- 5% (SEM) reduction in tumor red blood cell (RBC) flow as measured by laser Doppler techniques. The mean number of moving red blood cells declined by 35 +/- 8%, suggesting a reduction in microvascular volume. These results support the hypothesis that following hydralazine administration, perfusion stops completely in some blood vessels probably as a result of vascular collapse or flow stasis.
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PMID:Histological evidence for nonperfused vasculature in a murine tumor following hydralazine administration. 277 68


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