Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ultrasonography is useful in the detection of mass lesions in the collapsed lung, using the collapsed lungs as a "sonic window". Twenty-four patients suspected of having a tumor causing lung collapse, as shown on their chest radiographs, were examined by ultrasonography. Eighteen out of 24 patients were found to have mass lesions in their collapsed lungs. Thoracic computed tomography (CT) was also performed in 12 of these 18 patients; of those, 11 showed compatibility with sonographic findings in the detection of mass lesions in their collapsed lungs. The remaining six of these 24 patients with no mass lesions detected by ultrasonography were proven to have collapsed lung due to sputum impaction (n = 2) and lung cancer (n = 4). The fact that four patients had lung cancer that was not detectable by ultrasonography, might have been due to relatively small mass lesions at deep locations (main or intermediate bronchus) and narrowing of the "sonic window" (partial lung collapse). Though it has some limitations, ultrasonography is helpful in detecting mass lesions in collapsed lungs. Sono-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy (SGFNAB) can also be performed simultaneously, smoothly and without any major complications. In our series, SGFNAB was performed in eight out of 18 patients to make a cytopathologic diagnosis. We recommend this safe, convenient, and noninvasive method to screen for lesions in the collapsed lung, especially when bronchoscopic examination is impossible.
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PMID:Detection of mass lesions in the collapsed lung by ultrasonography. 135 36

A tumor promoter phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) induces characteristic reversible changes in the cell shape in certain fibroblastic lines. This reaction to PMA may be regarded as a prototype of reorganizations involving formation of stable cytoplasmic processes. Two specific drugs, Taxol and Colcemid, were used to study the role of microtubules and vimentin-containing intermediate filaments (IF) in the development of PMA-induced reorganizations. A short (I h) exposure to PMA induced formation of processes in the control cells rather than in the Colcemid treated cells having depolymerized microtubules and the IF that collapsed around the nucleus. A longer (3-4 h) exposure to PMA of the colcemid-treated cells induced a partial reversal of the IF collapse; those parts of peripheral lamellae that contained IF were transformed into narrow noncontractile processes. It is suggested that the local interaction of the IF with the actin system is an essential step in the formation of processes from lamellae.
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PMID:[The role of intermediate filaments in forming cellular processes induced in fibroblasts by the tumor promoter TPA]. 135 44

From September 1984 to August 1991, 48 evaluable patients with resected gastric cancer and apparent disease confined to locoregional area were treated with intraoperative electron beam boost to the celiac axis and peripancreatic nodal areas (15 Gy) and external irradiation (40 to 46 Gy in 4 to 5 weeks) including the gastric bed and upper abdominal nodal draining regions. At the time of evaluation for IORT, the disease was primary in 38 cases, recurrent but resectable in four (anastomosis), and unresectable in four (nodal). Post operative complications were reversible. Acute tolerance to the complete treatment program was acceptable. Late complications included life-threatening events: Six episodes of gastro intestinal bleeding (three of them had an arteriographic documentation of arterioenteric fistula) and nine with severe enteritis (five required reoperation). Other long-term treatment related complications were six cases of vertebral collapse. The median follow-up time for the entire group is 22 months. Locoregional recurrence/persistence of disease has been identified in five patients (three with residual and/or recurrent postsurgical tumor). Systemic tumor progression has been detected in 15 patients (11 in intra-abdominal sites). Overall actuarial survival for patients with positive or negative serosal involvement was 33% versus 56%. It is concluded that the treatment program described is able to induce a high locoregional tumor control rate (100%) when used strictly in an adjuvant setting and might control long term, a small portion of patients not amenable for curative surgery (2 out of 8 patients with confirmed residual post-surgical disease). Gastrointestinal bleeding and enteritis are findings that indicate treatment intensity at the upper limits of tissue tolerance. Assessment of long term tolerance of pancreatic parenchyma and large blood vessels (tissues included in the IRORT field) are pending for longer follow-up and the appropriate selective studies.
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PMID:Intraoperative and external radiotherapy in resected gastric cancer: updated report of a phase II trial. 142 97

The interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) has been found to be as high as 20 to 50 mm Hg in both experimental and human solid tumors. While the IFP is an important determinant of the delivery of therapeutic agents to neoplastic cells in vivo, the mechanisms responsible for interstitial hypertension are not completely understood. The high vascular permeability of tumor blood vessels and the absence of a functional lymphatic circulation suggest that the hydrostatic microvascular pressure (MVP) is the main force governing IFP in tumors. To test this hypothesis, we simultaneously measured IFP and MVP in 13 tissue-isolated R3230AC mammary adenocarcinomas transplanted in rats. The MVP in superficial postcapillary venules of diameters between 25 and 250 microns was measured with the micropuncture technique. MVP was compared to the IFP in the periphery (measured with micropuncture technique) and in the center (measured with wick-in-needle technique). Similar to our previous study, IFP rose rapidly and reached maximum values at a depth of 0.2 to 1.0 mm from the tumor surface. These maximum IFP values [16.5 +/- 7.1 mm Hg (SD)] were equal to IFP in the tumor center [18.4 +/- 9.3 mm Hg] [R2 = 0.86, P greater than 0.8]. Superficial MVP (17.3 +/- 6.1 mm Hg) was equal to both central (P greater than 0.9) and superficial IFP (P greater than 0.7). These results demonstrate that the main driving force for IFP in tumors is the MVP. Furthermore, the concept that blood vessel collapse is induced by higher hydrostatic pressures in the tumor interstitium compared to that in the vascular lumen is not supported by the present finding that elevated IFP is accompanied by equally elevated MVP.
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PMID:Microvascular pressure is the principal driving force for interstitial hypertension in solid tumors: implications for vascular collapse. 151 68

This review covers the papers that we believe represent the most interesting and innovative developments in hilar and mediastinal imaging over the past year. One of the most exciting of these is the expanded role for sonography in imaging extracardiac mediastinal pathology. A number of reports highlight its use in directing mediastinal biopsy, for tissue characterization, and for staging lymphoma. The comparative merits of CT and MR imaging in staging bronchogenic carcinoma have been further clarified. The past year has also seen further attempts to characterize tumor versus postobstructive pneumonitis or collapse using MR imaging and CT. Other useful clinical work includes the documentation of signs distinguishing paramediastinal lung masses from primary mediastinal pathology. References are also made to clinically relevant aspects of MR scanning and advances in imaging of the airway, particularly cine and high-resolution CT of the trachea.
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PMID:Imaging of the mediastinum and hila. 152 80

Hepatic resection of metastatic colorectal carcinoma is widely advocated with 5-year survival rates quoted at 20 to 25 per cent. However, concerns about the morbidity and mortality for this procedure still exist. It is estimated that only 25 per cent of patients potentially eligible for hepatic resection are actually referred for evaluation, possibly secondary to concerns about the morbidity and mortality of the surgical procedure involved. All patients undergoing such resections at the Emory University Affiliated Hospitals between January 1, 1984 and December 31, 1989 were reviewed to determine the associated morbidity and mortality. Forty-three patients were identified (23 men, 20 women, ranging in age from 32 to 80 years (mean of 60.8). The average postoperative intensive care unit (ICU) stay was 3.2 days (range 1 to 12) and the average hospital stay was 15 days (range 6 to 45). There were no postoperative deaths, and 10 patients (23%) developed significant complications (1 biliary fistula, 2 thrombophlebitis, 3 abscess/wound infections, 1 hepatic insufficiency, 1 pneumothorax, 1 pleural effusion, 1 lobar pulmonary collapse). The occurrence of complications was not related to preoperative liver enzymes, absolute tumor mass present, or associated co-morbid disease. The extent of liver resection, length of operation, and number of units of blood transfused were all correlated with the occurrence of complications (P = 0.01, 0.01, and 0.05, respectively). Likewise, the length of hospital stay and ICU stay were directly related to the extent of hepatic resection (P = 0.05 and 0.09) and number of transfusions (P = 0.05 and 0.01). The length of operation showed such a trend but was not statistically significant (P = 0.2).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Complications of hepatic resection for colorectal carcinoma metastasis. 155 Mar 11

The proliferating cells in fibromatoses are myofibroblasts that produce abundant stromal collagen and contain intracellular native and widely spaced collagen fibers. To assess the clinical and cellular effects of colchicine in such tumors, this drug was administered to three patients, one with musculoaponeurotic desmoid fibromatosis, one with Dupuytren's palmar fibromatosis, and one with Peyronie's disease. All three patients had an excellent clinical response, with reduction of tumor size and improvement of contracture. Two cases were studied ultrastructurally; the main cellular changes detected were collapse of the rough endoplasmic reticulum cisternae, reduction of myofilaments, and disappearance of intracellular widely spaced collagen. The findings from this study indicate another probable application for colchicine and support the concept that collagen fibers can be formed intracellularly.
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PMID:Clinical and cellular effects of colchicine in fibromatosis. 156 69

Between November 1988 and March 1990, 24 patients with endobronchial tumors that had recurred after external beam radiation therapy were treated with high dose rate intraluminal irradiation. A remote afterloading high dose rate unit was used, and most patients received two endobronchial treatments, separated by a two week interval. All patients were given the same dose and dose specification to assess the feasibility and complications of the therapy. At each treatment, 15 Gy were delivered with dose specified at a radius of 6 mm from the center of the source, which corresponds to a dose of 9 Gy at a radius of 1 cm. Overall, 21 of 24 patients (88%) showed good symptomatic improvement. Of 18 patients whose chest x-ray showed evidence of collapse or atelectasis caused by tumor obstruction, 15 (83%) had evidence of reaeration. The median duration of palliation, marked by symptoms or a chest x-ray that worsened, was 26 weeks, the range varying from seven to 40 weeks. No patient died as a result of therapy and only one had a complication, bronchospasm, which responded well to bronchodilators. One patient died of hemoptysis approximately three months after treatment. Five additional patients, who were treated off protocol because they had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of greater than two, also received endobronchial irradiation. All five died within one month from worsening pulmonary disease, and we do not recommend endobronchial irradiation for patients with an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of greater than two. We conclude that high dose rate endobronchial brachytherapy effectively relieves the symptoms of endobronchial obstruction due to recurrent lung cancer and can be given safely as an outpatient procedure. As the complications were minimal in this series treated with a uniform dose of 15 Gy per treatment, future studies should aim at determining the maximum tolerated dose. This technique may also be helpful as a boost after maximal external beam irradiation or to open up areas of atelectasis prior to external beam irradiation.
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PMID:High dose endobronchial irradiation in recurrent bronchogenic carcinoma. 158 62

Anaplastic large cell Ki-1 lymphoma is an uncommon type of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma that rarely presents primarily in the bone. Three such cases are reported. All patients were young and had bone pain; one had paraparesis as a complication of collapse of the thoracic vertebral body. The involvement was either monostotic or polyostotic. Radiologically, the lesions were lytic and had ill-defined borders. Histologically, the large neoplastic cells had pleomorphic bizarre nuclei, prominent nucleoli, abundant deeply amphophilic cytoplasm, and paranuclear pale hof. They were admixed with variable numbers of inflammatory cells. One case each was of T-cell, B-cell, and non-T non-B lineage. All three cases showed excellent responses to chemotherapy with or without radiation therapy. Recognizing the lymphomatous nature of this highly pleomorphic tumor is important because of its potential curability with appropriate chemotherapy.
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PMID:Anaplastic large cell Ki-1 lymphoma of bone. 165 5

In the past 10 years two children, ages 3 1/2 and 7 years, have been seen with central endobronchial fibrous histiocytoma causing complete atelectasis. Each child had a 4- to 6-month history of cough, dyspnea and fever. After antibiotic failure, x-rays demonstrated complete unilateral lung collapse. Bronchoscopy in case 1 demonstrated total occlusion of the left mainstem bronchus with 80% stenosis of the right. Left pneumonectomy was ultimately performed with removal of tumor frm the right bronchus. Ten years later the patient is well. Case 2 had an extrinsic etiology ruled out by computed tomography scan. Ventilation/perfusion scan showed no ventilation and only faint perfusion of the involved lung. Pulmonary function testing showed moderate to severe restrictive changes with air trapping. Total obliteration of the left mainstem with tumor projecting into the carina was observed on bronchoscopy. Endoscopic resection was not felt to be safe. Thoracotomy showed a totally atelectatic, edematous lung filled with pus. The left main bronchus was opened, the tumor removed, and the distal bronchus lavaged and selectively ventilated. Partial lung expansion was obtained. The child is well 1 1/2 years later with a normal chest radiograph, pulmonary function tests, and bronchoscopy. Fibrous histiocytomas of the lung, if in a central endobronchial location, can cause complete lung collapse. A combination of tumor resection, lavage, and selective ventilation should be attempted as an alternative to pneumonectomy, even if the lung appears to be nonsalvageable.
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PMID:Obstructing endobronchial fibrous histiocytoma: potential for lung salvage. 165 87


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