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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Tumor-induced hypercalcemia and tumor-induced osteolysis are essentially due to a marked increase in osteoclast-mediated bone resorption, although the kidneys play an important contributory role in the genesis of tumor-induced hypercalcemia. Parathyroid hormone-like protein plays an essential role in tumor-induced hypercalcemia, and maybe in tumor-induced osteolysis, but other factors could also be responsible for the osteoclast activation secondary to the neoplastic infiltration of the skeleton. Treatment of tumor-induced hypercalcemia essentially consists of volume repletion and administration of potent anti-osteolytic drugs. The bisphosphonate pamidronate is particularly useful for that matter and a dose of 1.0 to 1.5 mg/kg can normalize serum calcium in about 90% of hypercalcemic cancer patients. The apparently low response rate of bone metastases to systemic antineoplastic therapy seems to essentially reflect the relative insensitivity of our current methods for assessing response in tumor-induced osteolysis. Newly developed biochemical markers of bone turnover could be particularly useful for that matter. Bisphosphonates are the most potent of the available inhibitors of osteoclast activity. Prolonged administration of oral pamidronate could reduce by almost one half the complications of tumor-induced osteolysis, and repeated bisphosphonate infusions could induce a dramatic relief of bone pain in one third and a sclerosis of lytic lesions in one fourth of the cases. These data must, however, be confirmed in randomized, blinded trials and many questions remain unanswered concerning the optimal therapeutic schemes. Medical therapy of tumor-induced osteolysis by noncytotoxic means has nevertheless become a reality.
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PMID:Bone metastases and tumor-induced hypercalcemia. 151 Oct 19

Tumour cells produce systemic or local factors which can stimulate osteoclast development and activity leading to increased bone resorption. The clinical consequences are bone pain, fractures and hypercalcaemia. Inhibitors of osteoclast-mediated bone resorption, such as the bisphosphonates, are now the treatment of choice for tumour-induced hypercalcaemia. Recent evidence indicates that these compounds, especially the newer ones, reduce skeletal morbidity in patients with metastatic bone disease and improve their quality of life. Better understanding of the mechanisms underlying tumour-induced bone resorption and development of more potent and less toxic bisphosphonates will lead to improved management of patients with malignant diseases involving the skeleton.
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PMID:Modulation of tumour-induced bone resorption by bisphosphonates. 152 54

Intraarterial infusion chemotherapy with angiotensin II was carried out in 8 prostate cancer patients whose ages ranged from 61 to 77 years. They had stage C or D tumor progression and complained of difficult urination, bone pain or lymphedema caused by intrapelvic tumor infiltration. Endocrine therapy had been done before the infusion therapy but the clinical status showed little change with a persistence of local symptoms. Cis-platinum and doxorubicin were infused with an indwelling catheter into both internal iliac arteries. After the completion of 1-5 courses, 6 of 8 patients responded remarkably in local symptoms. It is thought that intraarterial infusion chemotherapy can be used safely and effectively in elderly patients.
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PMID:Local control of prostate cancer by intraarterial infusion chemotherapy facilitated by the use of angiotensin II. 158 12

Anaplastic large cell Ki-1 lymphoma is an uncommon type of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma that rarely presents primarily in the bone. Three such cases are reported. All patients were young and had bone pain; one had paraparesis as a complication of collapse of the thoracic vertebral body. The involvement was either monostotic or polyostotic. Radiologically, the lesions were lytic and had ill-defined borders. Histologically, the large neoplastic cells had pleomorphic bizarre nuclei, prominent nucleoli, abundant deeply amphophilic cytoplasm, and paranuclear pale hof. They were admixed with variable numbers of inflammatory cells. One case each was of T-cell, B-cell, and non-T non-B lineage. All three cases showed excellent responses to chemotherapy with or without radiation therapy. Recognizing the lymphomatous nature of this highly pleomorphic tumor is important because of its potential curability with appropriate chemotherapy.
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PMID:Anaplastic large cell Ki-1 lymphoma of bone. 165 5

A case of cholesterol embolism of bone marrow, concerning the pelvis and lumbar region and clinically masquerading as systemic disease or metastatic tumor, is reported in an 82-year-old man hospitalized for acute onset of reddish purple nodules on the legs and toes, intense myalgia and dorsal vertebral bone pain. The clinical manifestations leading to consideration of a systemic disease or metastatic tumor were the abnormal bone scintigraphic findings of the pelvis and lumbar region, the elevation of serum alkaline and acid phosphatase and the increase of the bone isoenzyme fractions. The diagnosis of cholesterol embolism was explained by the histological findings of bone marrow biopsy which showed microinfarctions of bone marrow with an osteoproductive and reparative process, and presence of cholesterol clefts.
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PMID:Cholesterol embolism of bone marrow clinically masquerading as systemic or metastatic tumor. 166 Apr 40

To clarify factors affecting prognosis following endocrine therapy, stage D2 patients who died from prostatic cancer within 3 years and those under well-controlled state longer than 5 years were compared with respect to background factors and response to endocrine therapy. Thirty-five and 18 cases, respectively, were studied. Differences between the two groups were bone pain, anemia, tumor grade, number of bone metastasis, and response to endocrine therapy. Performance status in long-term survival groups tended to be better than that in short-term cancer death groups.
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PMID:[Factors influencing prognosis of stage D2 prostatic cancer following endocrine therapy: comparison between short-term cancer death and long-term survival group]. 170 May 85

The pathological and clinical findings in 4 cases of IgD multiple myeloma are presented. Two patients presented with renal failure and 2 with bone pain and weight loss. Three had IgD lambda paraproteins and 1 an IgD kappa paraprotein. One patient also developed hypercalcemia and extraosseous spread of tumor to pleura, skin, and palate. There were no distinctive bone marrow or histological findings which suggested this unusual type of myeloma.
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PMID:Four cases of IgD multiple myeloma. 178 26

Malignant pheochromocytoma may present as a widespread metastatic disease, which is little or non-responsive to external beam radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The prognosis of these patients is bad due to both the progressive metastasis and the secretion of excess catecholamines which may cause hypertensive episodes. For these conditions [131I]metaiodobenzylguanidine (131I-MIBG) therapy may be an alternative treatment modality to induce both tumor remission and reduction of hormonal activity of the disease. The experience with 131I-MIBG therapy in four patients with metastatic malignant pheochromocytoma at The Netherlands Cancer Institute is reviewed. One patient with abdominal tumor recurrence and metastases to the lymph nodes and lungs had a partial remission of disease for 3 years; a second had a mixed response together with palliation and two other patients had stable disease, but were relieved of bone pain and severe hypertension, respectively. It is essential to be aware of the medication the patient is using, as many drugs are known or may be expected to interfere with the uptake and/or retention of 131I-MIBG by the tumor cells. The case of a significant reduction of 131I-MIBG uptake and retention by Labetalol in one of the patients is discussed. It is concluded that 131I-MIBG therapy may induce objective remission in patients with malignant pheochromocytoma and is certainly meaningful in the reduction of hormonal activity, the control of hypertension and the relief of pain from metastases.
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PMID:[131I]metaiodobenzylguanidine therapy of malignant pheochromocytoma: interference of medication. 182 43

A 35-year-old man with refractory cutaneous Ki-1 lymphoma was salvaged successfully with oral 13-cis-retinoic acid (1 mg/kg/day). He had a complete remission lasting for 20 months before a single nodule recurred on his skin. Excisional biopsy of the recurrent tumor revealed a distinct morphologic change, suggesting cellular differentiation toward a more benign phenotype. No significant side effects were noted except mild xerostomia, bone pain, and hyperlipidemia. The authors believe that 13-cis-retinoic acid should be considered in the treatment of cutaneous Ki-1 lymphoma.
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PMID:13-cis-retinoic acid induces cellular differentiation and durable remission in refractory cutaneous Ki-1 lymphoma. 184 87

A 53-year-old Japanese woman suffered hypophosphatemic osteomalacia secondary to bone tumor. Her clinical symptoms did not improve for a long time following the oral administration of Alfacalcidol (vitamin D3). A bone survey using radiographs revealed a small tumor located in the proximal head of the left fibula. Hypophosphatemia and low levels of 1-alpha,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1-alpha,25(OH)2D3) returned towards normal levels soon after an en-bloc tumor resection, and bone pain and muscle weakness gradually disappeared. The histology, especially of the trabecular bone of the left fibula, showed typical features of osteomalacia with demineralization. The tumor comprised numerous small blood vessels, spindle shaped or oval neoplastic cells, a few multinucleated giant cells, osteoid tissue with or without calcification, chondroid tissue and hemangioma. The spindle shaped or oval cells contained a round nucleus with no mitotic figures. These clinical and histological findings coincide well with a diagnosis of benign ossifying mesenchymal tumor of the bone with vitamin D resistant hypophosphatemic osteomalacia.
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PMID:Oncogenic vitamin D resistant hypophosphatemic osteomalacia (benign ossifying mesenchymal tumor of bone): case report. 194 53


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