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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Carcinoma of the breast is relatively uncommon in men. Represents somewhere between 0.9 to 1.5 of all tumors of the breast. Most patients are within the 7th to 8th decade of life. The most common symptoms at the time of presentation are a tumor mass in either breast, ulceration of the nipple or nipple retraction or fixation of the skin. Extension to the axiliar nodes takes place early in the course of the disease. The presence of nipple discharge should be considered expression of carcinoma of the breast unless otherwise proven. The final diagnosis is established by biopsy. The most common form of carcinoma of the breast is the ductal carcinoma. The surgical management takes basically that followed in carcinoma of the breast in the female patient. Also orquiectomy has been used which is equivalent to ovariectomy in woman. In the presence of metastasis both estrogens and androgens have been used. Hypophysectomy and post-op radiation therapy has been used. Most recently chemotherapy has been widely used in those cases with widespread metastasis. However, in spite of all these efforts carcinoma of the breast in the male still carries a very serious prognosis. We present our experience in 16 cases.
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PMID:[Breast cancer in men]. 23 66

The pathologic diagnosis of 282 consecutive breast lesions seen in 255 black patients over a 3-year period (January 1975-December 1977) at Harlem Hospital Center were reviewed and analyzed. The most common lesion was fibroadenoma, accounting for 34.7% of all lesions and 48% of benign breast lesions, followed by carcinoma (28%) and fibrocystic disease (17%). Other major benign breast lesions in order of frequency were intraductal papilloma, sclerosing adenosis, chronic mastitis, and fat necrosis. One each of the following rare lesions was observed: papillomatosis, ducatal ectasia, cystosarcoma phylloides, and granular cell tumor. Multiple lesions were found in 1 or both breasts in 15% of all benign breast disease cases, with fibroadenoma being the most common lesion. 94% of the patients presented with a breast mass, 5% with nipple discharge, 5% with pain, and 2% with a history of trauma to the breast. The lesions varied in size from 0.5-10 cm, and had been present for a few days to 20 years before medical treatment was sought. The upper quadrant of the breast was the most common site for lesions. Peak age incidence for all benign breast lesions was 20-35 years; for fibroadenoma, peak age incidence was 16-25 years and for fibrocystic disease, 40-50 years. The surgical literature shows that in a predominantly white population, peak age of incidence for benign lesions is 30-49 years; this disparity in age distribution may be due to the high percentage of adolescent patients with fibroadenoma in the Harlem Hospital series. Median age of patients with breast carcinoma in this series is 61 years. 24 patients (13.7%) with benign breast disease had taken oral contraceptives before the breast biopsies were performed. However, the study population is to small and follow-up time to short to draw any conclusion regarding the relation of oral contraceptive use to the subsequent development of breast cancer. This study shows that compared to the white population, fibroadenoma is more frequent than cancer in black women while cancer is more frequent than fibroadenoma in white women.
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PMID:Analysis of benign breast lesions in blacks. 45 72

Data of the examination of 143 patients with limited forms of cancer and benign tumors of the mammary gland have been analysed. Mention is made of certain difficulties in establishing the differential diagnosis of such tumors based only on the clinical symptoms. The tumorigenesis may be established by using some accessory diagnostic methods: a cytological test of the tumor punctate and the breast nipple discharge, as well as a sectorial resection of the involved mammary gland portion with an express histological analysis of the preparation. Mammography aids to precisely determine the tumor size. Clinically, the true proliferation of the tumor is difficult to recognize, but it may be recognized after radical mastectomy and histological investigation of the whole preparation.
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PMID:[Clinical symptoms of cancer and precancerous diseases of the breast]. 69 21

In the majority of the cases of nipple discharge the cause is a benign lesion: nearly 50% are papillomas. Biopsy is always indicated in nipple discharge without palpable tumor. A long follow-up of the patients is necessary.
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PMID:[Nipple discharges without palpable tumor]. 119 40

Statistics from the Connecticut Tumor Registry from 1979 to 1988 were examined, and individual medical records from 1979 to 1983 were also reviewed. Three hundred nineteen medical records were available for review, documenting 220 cases of ductal carcinoma in situ and 102 cases of lobular carcinoma in situ. In 1979, there were 33 new cases of ductal carcinoma in situ reported to the Connecticut Tumor Registry, representing 1.8% of all breast cancers. There has been a yearly increase in ductal carcinoma in situ, with 200 new cases, or 7.4% of all breast cancers, reported in 1988. Forty-eight (22%) of 217 patients with ductal carcinoma in situ had bilateral breast involvement with ductal carcinoma in situ or an invasive breast cancer. Ten (83%) of 12 mastectomy specimens from patients with ductal carcinoma in situ who presented with nipple discharge demonstrated residual tumor, suggesting a more diffuse involvement. Two of the three reported recurrences involved nipple discharge. Thirty-seven (16.8%) of the 220 patients with ductal carcinoma in situ and six (5.9%) of the 102 patients with lobular carcinoma in situ were diagnosed as having another unrelated cancer. Ongoing clinical trials will direct optimum therapy for patients increasingly diagnosed as having ductal carcinoma in situ.
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PMID:Ten-year follow-up of breast carcinoma in situ in Connecticut. 136 82

A fiberoptic ductoscopy system was successfully developed by means of which we were able to observe the duct cavity of the breast. Two kinds of silicafiberscopes with outer diameters 0.80 and 0.45 mm were used in the present study. Fiberoptic ductoscopy was applied to 52 ducts in 46 patients with nipple discharge for whom no tumor was palpable; the intraductal appearance could be observed in 47 ducts from 41 patients (90.3%). Fourteen ducts from 13 patients were operated upon and were histologically diagnosed as carcinoma (four cases), intraductal papilloma (nine ducts from eight patients) and mastitis (one case). The internal surface of a normal duct was lustrous and smooth. Cancer growing on the surface of a duct wall appeared white and was slightly elevated, forming a bridging structure. The intraductal papillomas formed intraductal solid nodules, being yellow in most cases and red at the site of hemorrhage. Fiberoptic ductoscopy can be used to recognize the growth of minute intraductal lesions in cases of nipple discharge. Clinical endoscopic diagnosis for minute intraductal lesions will make an important contribution to the early detection of cancer and the evaluation of nipple involvement in intraductal carcinoma.
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PMID:Fiberoptic ductoscopy of the breast: a new diagnostic procedure for nipple discharge. 165 13

Pleomorphic adenomas of the breast (PAB) are uncommon tumors. We studied the clinicopathologic features of 10 cases of PAB, seven of which were assessed immunohistochemically. Nine patients were women, with a median age at diagnosis of 65 years. Eight patients presented with a palpable mass; two had a nipple discharge. Nine of the tumors were periareolar. The latter epidemiologic findings, coupled with histologic observations, appeared to indicate a preferential origin for PAB within large intramammary ducts. These neoplasms histologically resemble their analogues in salivary glands. Moreover, a gradual histologic transition between different morphologic areas in PAB, especially between mesenchymal and epithelial regions, supported the contention that the neoplasm arises from a single cell type capable of divergent differentiation and thus should not be considered a "mixed" tumor. This contention was further substantiated by immunohistochemical findings, in which three intermediate filaments (cytokeratin, vimentin, and glial fibrillary acidic protein) and muscle-specific actin were expressed conjointly in tumor cells with a variety of morphologic appearances. In addition, cells differentiating along mesenchymal lines by conventional microscopy were found to express epithelial membrane antigen or gross cystic disease fluid protein-15 in five cases. The benign nature of PAB was supported by a lack of metastases in this series during a median follow-up period of 4.9 years. However, one lesion recurred locally. Regarding therapy, we believe that PAB can be excised successfully with only a narrow circumferential margin of uninvolved breast.
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PMID:Pleomorphic adenoma of the breast: a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 10 cases. 166 Aug 50

We report two cases of neuroendocrine carcinomas of the breast displaying unusual histological features: numerous spindle cells and argyrophilic signet-ring cells. Both patients were older than 70 years, and both presented with a bloody nipple discharge. The tumor in both cases was predominantly intraductal. The tumor cells showed little pleomorphism or cytological atypia; because of the presence of spindle cells, benign diagnoses, such as ductal epithelial hyperplasia and intraductal papilloma, were considered for the in situ component. Recognition of the palisading arrangement of the peripheral cells, intracytoplasmic lumina, mitotic figures, and mucin permitted the diagnosis of intraductal carcinoma. Invasive nests composed of identical cells confirmed the diagnosis of malignancy in both cases. Our cases, along with those previously reported, suggest that neuroendocrine carcinoma with mucin production is a distinct breast tumor that usually occurs in older patients who experience bloody nipple discharge. The prognosis may be more favorable than that of the usual type of breast carcinoma. Common histological features include predominantly intraductal growth, an absence of desmoplasia, and low-grade atypia. Awareness of morphological variants of this tumor, such as those reported here, is necessary to avoid erroneous diagnoses.
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PMID:Spindle-cell argyrophilic mucin-producing carcinoma of the breast. Histological, ultrastructural, and immunohistochemical studies of two cases. 171 95

This study was undertaken to determine the expression of p53 gene in cytologic specimens from benign and malignant breast lesions. To detect p53 an immunocytochemical assay with p53 (pAb421) monoclonal antibody was used. Abnormalities in p53 expression were found in 19 out of 40 Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA) smears with infiltrating ductal breast carcinomas. Benign epithelial breast cells obtained from fibroadenomas, fibrocystic disease and smears from nipple discharge reacted negatively for p53 in 38 out of 39 cases. Moderate positive reaction, confined to a few clusters of epithelial cells, was observed in one smear of fibroadenoma with cellularity. The results recorded in this study show that no significant association was found between p53 staining and stage of disease, tumor size or nodal status and that the immunocytochemical assay represents a simple method for the detection of p53 associated proteins in breast lesions.
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PMID:p53 expression in cytologic specimens from benign and malignant breast lesions. 174 98

The features of ductal adenoma of the breast, a solid intraductal tumor, include the following: arrays of long, straight, narrow, roughly parallel tubules composed of distinct epithelial and myoepithelial cells; a modest amount of fibrous tissue that separates the ducts from one another; and a fibrous capsule. We found this neoplasm in four women (ages 27 through 61 years) who had the complex of myxomas, spotty pigmentation, endocrine overactivity, and schwannomas, an autosomal dominant familial syndrome. The lesion was bilateral in two of the women. Each of the patients had mammary myxoid mesenchymal lesions typical of the complex. Two tumors were symptomatic (bloody nipple discharge); the four others were not. Five of the six tumors formed palpable masses that were located close to the areola. The mammograms suggested carcinoma. On microscopic examination, four of the six adenomas were mistaken for carcinoma; none recurred or metastasized. Circumstantial evidence suggests that the ductal adenoma of the breast is a component of the complex of myxomas, spotty pigmentation, endocrine overactivity, and schwannomas.
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PMID:Ductal adenoma of the breast with tubular features. A probable component of the complex of myxomas, spotty pigmentation, endocrine overactivity, and schwannomas. 206 10


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