Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Refractory epithelial ovarian cancer is generally confined to the peritoneal cavity and is thus amenable to intraperitoneal (ip) therapy. Radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies raised to tumor-associated antigens offer the promise of selective tumor irradiation while reducing toxicity to normal tissues. We have conducted a phase I therapeutic trial to examine the feasibility of ip radioimmunotherapy utilizing escalating doses of 131I-labeled OC125 F(ab')2. Twenty-nine patients were each treated with a single dose of radiolabeled antibody. Twenty-eight patients were evaluable for dose-related toxicity. The toxicities most frequently observed were hematologic and gastrointestinal. Hematologic toxicity was noted in 5/14 (36%) patients receiving 18-87 mCi and in 12/14 (71%) receiving 100-144 mCi (P = 0.018). The median white blood cell nadir of 2-3K/microliters (range, 1.4-3.5K/microliters occurred at a median of 4.5 weeks and the median platelet nadir of 41K/microliters (range, 20-78K/microliters) at a median of 6.5 weeks. Mild gastrointestinal toxicity was observed in 4/14 patients (28%) at doses less than 100 mCi whereas at doses greater than or equal to 100 mCi, 11/14 (79%) patients developed nausea, vomiting, or chronic ileus (P = 0.021). This toxicity occurred most frequently in patients with protracted urinary 131I excretion. We conclude that 131I-labeled OC125 can be safely administered ip. Hematologic and gastrointestinal toxicity is predictable and related to the dose and rate of clearance of isotope.
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PMID:Intraperitoneal radioimmunotherapy of refractory ovarian carcinoma utilizing iodine-131-labeled monoclonal antibody OC125. 161 2

A 10-year-old mixed-breed dog was examined because of a 6-week history of daily vomiting and sporadic diarrhea. On gastroscopy, a crateriform mass was observed on the greater curvature of the stomach. Partial gastrectomy and lymphadenectomy of a large mesenteric lymph node was performed. Gastric plasmacytoma with lymph node metastasis was diagnosed by histologic and immunoperoxidase methods, and chemotherapy was initiated with doxorubicin hydrochloride and diphenhydramine hydrochloride. The dog remains clinically normal 30 months after initial diagnosis. Although gastric plasmacytomas are rare in dogs, long-term survival appears to be better with this disease than with other types of gastric neoplasia.
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PMID:Gastric extramedullary plasmacytoma in a dog. 161 85

Meningiomas are common brain tumors which are generally benign, well circumscribed, and slow growing. In a minority of patients, complete surgical removal is not possible and regrowth of tumor tissue is a major clinical problem. Most meningiomas contain progesterone receptors and the antiprogestational drug mifepristone (RU 486) binds to these receptors. 10 patients were treated with 12 recurrent or primary inoperable meningiomas, all of whom had shown recent neuroradiological and/or ophthalmological evidence of tumor growth. They received 200 mg mifepristone daily for 12 months. Most patients initially had complaints of nausea, vomiting, and/or tiredness. In 4 patients, prednisone (7.5 mg/day) was given, after which these side effects subsided. CT scan analysis of tumor size showed a progression of growth of 5 meningiomas in 4 patients, stable disease in 3 with 3 tumors, and regression of 3 tumors in 3 patients. A decrease in the complaints of headache and an improved general well being was observed in 5 patients. 2 patients died during the treatment period from unrelated causes. Mifepristone treatment resulted in control of tumor growth (stable disease) in 6 of 10 patients who had shown recent evidence of tumor growth. In 3 of these 6 patients, consistent tumor shrinkage was seen.
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PMID:Mifepristone (RU 486) treatment of meningiomas. 161 17

Forty Japanese patients with primary malignant tumors of the small intestine were reviewed. Adenocarcinoma was the most common tumor type comprising 19 patients (47%), followed by malignant lymphoma, 11 (30%), leiomyosarcoma, 8 (20%) and carcinoid tumor, 1 (3%). Adenocarcinomas and leiomyosarcomas were primarily located in the duodenum or jejunum, whereas lymphomas were more common in the jejunum or ileum. Abdominal pain (65%) and nausea or vomiting (35%) were the most common symptoms with these tumors. Barium contrast studies were able to detect 83% of these tumors. Our results also suggest that computed tomography and ultrasonography are not reliable for diagnosing jejunal tumors while superior mesenteric angiography is effective for diagnosing ileal tumors. The duodenal and ileal tumors tended to metastasize to lymph nodes while jejunal ones tended to penetrate the serosa or to disseminate into the peritoneal cavity. The percentage of tumors potentially cured by surgery and the 5 year survival rates of the leiomyosarcomas (75% and 57%, respectively) were higher than those of adenocarcinomas (42% and 10%, respectively) and lymphomas (42% and 32%, respectively).
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PMID:Primary malignant tumors of the small intestine: analysis of 40 Japanese patients. 161 34

From January 1975 to August 1988, 40 patients with extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma were treated by external irradiation at Chiba University Hospital and the National Medical Center Hospital. Thirty-four patients (male: 20, female: 14) were evaluable. Eighteen patients were postoperative cases because the surgical margin was positive for tumor cells in the postoperative pathological examination; the other 16 were inoperable cases. Survival in postoperative and inoperable cases was not significantly different, with median survival times of 13.8 and 8.1 months, respectively. Survival in the recanalization-positive and negative-groups was significantly different (p less than 0.05) after irradiation, with median survival times of 13.5 and 6.0 months, respectively. Complications of therapy were recognized in 68% of all cases. They were mainly gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, erosive gastritis and loss of appetite, but they were not severe. Distant metastasis was recognized in only 4 patients (10%): three had bony metastasis and one had supraclavicular and pulmonary hilar lymph node metastasis. Ninety percent of all cases died from hepatic failure or peritonitis carcinomatosa due to failure to obtain local control by external irradiation. A more effective modality of treatment is necessary to cure these patients.
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PMID:[Results of radiation therapy of extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma]. 164 11

A total of 119 Japanese patients with pancreas head carcinoma were treated in the Department of Surgery I, Kyushu University Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan, from January 1976 to December 1991. Three of the 119 patients had carcinoma in the uncinate process, with a 2.5% incidence of pancreas head carcinoma. Those three cases consisted of two men, one 55 and one 72 yr old, and one 62-yr-old woman. Two patients developed abdominal pain, whereas another was vomiting; no patients were icteric. Hypotonic duodenography showed an irregular mucosa of the inner area of the third portion of the duodenum in two and an obstruction of the duodenum in one. Drip infusion cholangiography and/or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography revealed no abnormality of the biliary tract or pancreatic ducts in any of the three. Ultrasonography showed a hypoechoic mass in the uncinate process in three, and computed tomography showed a low-density mass in the uncinate process in two with a displacement of the superior mesenteric vessels toward the anterior. Angiography showed encasement of the pancreatoduodenal arcade in three, the dorsal pancreatic artery in two, and the middle colic artery in two. No neovascularity or tumor staining was present. Two patients underwent a pancreatoduodenectomy, and the other had a bypass operation (gastrojejunostomy). The histopathologic diagnosis was well-differentiated adenocarcinoma, mucinous carcinoma, and adenosquamous carcinoma, respectively. Two patients died from local recurrence and/or distant metastasis 5 and 6 months after a radical resection, and the other died 3 months after clinical diagnosis. Peculiar clinicopathologic features of these patients with pancreas carcinoma arising in the uncinate process are reported herein, and the clinical problems of this disorder are briefly discussed.
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PMID:Carcinoma of the uncinate process of the pancreas with a peculiar clinical manifestation. 164 9

Acivicin (AT-125) is a glutamine antagonist with dose-limiting, schedule-dependent CNS toxicity and predictable CSF penetration after intravenous administration. Because of these properties, a trial in CNS malignancies was initiated. Thirty-two patients with recurrent or residual malignant astrocytomas were treated with AT-125. The majority of patients had glioblastoma multiforme (24) and had received prior nitrosoureas (21). The median age was 50 years, and Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG) performance status was 2. The major determinant of response was based upon radiologic criteria using computed tomographic (CT) scanning and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. The tumor mass was measured in two perpendicular planes, which yielded the largest cross-sectional area. Standard solid tumor criteria for response were used. All responding patients also had a stable or tapered dose of corticosteroids with stable or improved performance status and neurologic examination. There were four objective responses (12%): one complete remission (3 1/2+ years) and three partial remissions (57, 86, and 322 days). Two patients had improvement in disease that did not meet requirements for a partial remission. Toxicity was mild and primarily consisted of nausea, vomiting, and lethargy. Two patients were removed from study due to neurotoxicity (depression and hallucinations). The strict response criteria used in this trial were not those that have been used in testing other active agents such as carmustine (BCNU). We conclude that AT-125 has objective antitumor activity in malignant astrocytomas and warrants further study.
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PMID:Objective antitumor activity of acivicin in patients with recurrent CNS malignancies: a Southwest Oncology Group trial. 164 69

A phase I study of YM-881 (zinostatin stimalamer), neocarzinostatin combined with butylesterified styrene maleate, suspended in iodized poppy oil ethyl ester, was conducted in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma by giving single intra-arterial infusions via catheters inserted by Seldinger's method. Four dose levels, 2, 4, 6, and 8 mg, were tested. Major adverse reactions were fever, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and abnormal hepatic function. Both the incidence and severity of adverse reactions tended to increase with the 8 mg dose. Tumor regression of 50% or more occurred in one receiving 2 mg and one receiving 4 mg. The results of the study suggest that doses of 6 mg or less may be appropriate for the phase II studies.
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PMID:[Phase I study of YM881 (zinostatin stimalamer) suspension by hepatic arterial infusion. Research Group for Intra-arterial Infusion Therapy with YM881]. 165 86

Twenty-eight patients with locally advanced, unresectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) received neoadjuvant chemotherapy with cisplatin (120 mg/m2 on days 1 and 29) and vinblastine (4 mg/m2 weekly for 6 weeks). At the completion of induction chemotherapy, all patients were assessed for resectability. Those patients judged to be resectable underwent thoracotomy. All remaining patients received thoracic radiation therapy (5500 cGy) followed by additional chemotherapy in those patients responding to neoadjuvant treatment. There were 15 partial responses to neoadjuvant chemotherapy for an overall response rate of 54% (95% confidence interval, 36% to 71%). Only five partially responding patients (18%) were thought to have had sufficient tumor regression to allow for a potentially curative resection. However, a complete resection was done in only two patients. Overall median survival was 12 months (range, 4 to 72 months) with 1-year, 2-year, and 3-year survival rates of 54%, 39%, and 11%, respectively. The primary toxicity associated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy was moderate to severe (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Grade 3 or 4) nausea and emesis in 25% of patients. Hematologic toxicity was relatively modest; only one patient had Grade 4 leukopenia (less than 1000/microliter). Fever and neutropenia were uncommon, and there were no documented septic episodes or treatment-related deaths. Compared with historic controls treated with radiation therapy alone, cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy appeared to improve the median and long-term survival of Stage III NSCLC patients modestly.
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PMID:Neoadjuvant cisplatin plus vinblastine chemotherapy in locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer. 165 2

In a prospective randomized multicentric trial, 61 patients from six hospitals with resectable pancreatic cancer were recruited between 1987 and 1989. All patients underwent a Whipple resection. Two weeks after surgery, the patients were randomized to be given either intravenous (IV) treatment with 370 mg (100 mg loading dose, 9 x 30 mg continuing within 10 days) of monoclonal antibody (MoAb) 494/32 (Behringwerke AG, Marsburg, Germany) or no additional anti-cancer treatment. This murine immunoglobulin (Ig) G1 antibody has been shown to strongly bind to human pancreatic cancer cells and to induce an antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Both study groups were well matched with respect to age, sex, tumor staging, and grading. Six patients suffered from minor toxicity (vomiting and abdominal pain) after immunotherapy. Ten months after the end of the recruitment period, 65% and 53% of the patients in the treatment and control groups, respectively, had died. Of the living patients, 60% and 53% are alive with recurrent or progressive cancer disease. Median survival time was 428 days (range, 248 to 510 days) and 386 days (range, 296 to 509 days) in the treatment and control groups, respectively. The authors concluded that repeated IV treatment with the antibody 494/32 is not helpful in resectable pancreatic cancer. This study provides the first controlled data on passive immunotherapy in solid cancer.
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PMID:A randomized controlled trial of adjuvant immunotherapy (murine monoclonal antibody 494/32) in resectable pancreatic cancer. 165 94


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