Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Thirty-nine unselected patients suffering from inoperable, recurrent, or residual adenocarcinoma of the stomach were referred for palliation with fast neutrons from the Medical Research Council's cyclotron at Hammersmith Hospital. A full course of 1440 rads given in 12 treatments over 26 days was administered to the patients. Because of the relatively low energy (7-5 MeV) of the beam from this particular machine, it was not possible to deliver the full dose uniformly throughout the tumour except in extremely thin patients. Pain, dysphagia, vomiting, and bleeding were relieved in the majority of cases. The side effects were minimal and easily controlled. Palpable masses disappeared. Five patients required surgery after neutron therapy. All the incisions were made through irradioated tissue and all except one healed normally. Tumour was present outside the treated area, but the absence of any palpable mass within the treated area was a consistent finding. Radiologically, the stomachs remained abnormal and later changes included gross mucosal abnormality and shrinkage. Fourteen patients came to necropsy and in 10 no tumour was present macroscopocally. Tumour cells were seen in all except two cases but these were few, surrounded by dense fibrous tissue, and may not have been viable. The remaining stomach was abnormal with a thickened wall and destruction of mucosa. Three of the four cases in which macroscopic tumour was present received less than the standard dose because of the inadequate penetration of the beam. Excellent regression of tumors was achieved by the neutrons, but the stomachs did not recover from this satisfactorily. Gastrectomy four to six months after treatment is therefore suggested. This operation and other surgical procedures in other patients were successfully carried out. There is a need for higher energy neutrons to improve treatment and extend it to patients of thick-set build.
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PMID:The effects of fast neutrons on inoperable carcinoma of the stomach. 4 31

Advanced testicular tumors in 34 patients were treated by combination chemotherapy with bleomycin, vinblastine, vincristine, cis platinum and actinomycin D. The therapy was divided into 3 phases: 1) induction, 2) consolidation and 3) maintenance. Induction lasted 4 weeks and consisted of 420 mg. bleomycin, 0.2 mg./kg. vinblastine, 4 mg./kg. cis platinum, and 20 mg. prednisone daily. Consolidation lasted 6 weeks and consisted of 5 mg. actinomycin D, 6 mg. vincristine and 6 mg./kg. cis platinum. Maintenance therapy was achieved with 2.5 mg. actinomycin D every 6 weeks and 1 mg./kg. cis platinum every 3 weeks. A tumor reductive operation was done before induction of chemotherapy in 13 patients and after induction of chemotherapy in 12 patients. Nine patients were treated with chemotherapy alone. Three patients with brain metastases received concomitant radiotherapy to the brain (3,000 rads). A previous operation and chemotherapy had failed in 11 patients and previous radiotherapy had failed in 1 patient. All patients treated had at least 1 objective response (34 of 34 or 100 per cent). Partial clinical remission was achieved in 7 of 34 patients (21 per cent). A complete clinical remission was observed in 27 of 34 patients (79 per cent) and of this group 6 had a relapse. At present, 22 of 34 patients are free of disease from 4 to 24 months, with an average of 13 months (65 per cent). The toxicity consisted of nausea, vomiting, mucositis, alopecia, mild leukopenia and tinnitus. This approach seems to be effective in producing long clinical remissions in the majority of patients with advanced disease.
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PMID:Multimodal treatment of advanced testicular tumor with radical reductive surgery and multisequential chemotherapy with cis platinum, bleomycin, vinblastine, vincristine and actinomycin D. 7 91

Eleven patients with advanced multiple myeloma refractory to standard chemotherapy were treated with a regimen of sequential hemi-body radiotherapy consisting of 800 rad midplane in a single dose to each half. 9/10 patients experienced significant relief of skeletal pain and there were 5/11 objective tumor responses with one complete remission. Treatment-related morbidity was significant and consisted primarily of nausea and emesis, bone marrow suppression, and pneumonitis. This therapy is helpful in the management of advanced myeloma, and should be studied earlier in the course of the disease.
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PMID:Sequential hemi-body radiotherapy in advanced multiple myeloma. 8 3

Forty patients with advanced head and neck cancer were treated with combined Cis-platinum-Bleomycin chemotherapy. Cis-diammine dichloroplatinum (DDP) 120 mg/m2 iv was given after prehydration, with mannitol diuresis on Day 1. On Day 3, an initial loading dose of Bleomycin 15 mg/m2 was given by rapid iv push followed by continuous 24 hour intravenous infusion of Bleomycin 15 mg/m2 Day 3 through Day 10. DDP 120 mg/m2 iv was administered again on Day 22. The patients were evaluated for tumor response and resectability between Day 29 to Day 35. Of 39 patients who were evaluable, there were 8 complete responses or CR (20%) and 22 partial responses or PR (56%), for a major response rate of 76%. Nineteen patients had surgery (14 patients whose lesions were initially inoperable and 5 patients who were initially operable). Chemotherapy toxicity in 40 patients included alopecia (40), vomiting (39), mucositis (11), skin rash (10), fever (17), weight loss of more than 5 lbs. (25), WBC less than 3,000 (2), platelets less than 100,000 (1), peak serum creatinine of 2 mg% (3), severe-hearing loss (1), hypersensitivity reaction (2). Surgical complication in 19 patients were pharyngocutaneous fistulae (2), wound dehiscence (1), meningitis and brain abscess (1). There was one death secondary to nephrotoxicity. This particular combination chemotherapy when given as initial treatment, appears very effective in reduction of tumor bulk. Long-term follow-up and randomization is necessary to determine effect upon survival.
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PMID:Induction chemotherapy in advanced squamous head and neck carcinoma with high-dose cis-platinum and bleomycin infusion. 8 55

One hundred eighteen patients with metastatic carcinoid tumor were randomized to treatment with streptozotocin combined with cyclophosphamide or with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Commonly experienced side effects were nausea, vomiting, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and nephrotoxicity. Objective response rates among eligible and evaluable patients treated with the 5-FU combination was 14 of 42 (33%) and with the cyclophosphamide combination, 12 of 47 (26%). Among those patients with carcinoids primary to the small bowel the respective response rates were 44% and 37%. The overall response rates for patients with carcinoids of pulmonary or unknown origin were only 12% and 17%. There was no significant difference in patient survival between the two treatment arms. Among 11 patients who received crossover therapy with 5-FU alone there were two responders. There were no responders among eight patients treated with cyclophosphamide alone. Urinary 5HIAA excretion proved to be a useful biologic marker in these patients that correlated well with the observed measurements of tumor bulk. Median survival times from the diagnosis of unresectable malignant disease related to sites of origin of carcinoid tumor were the following: small bowel, 28.4 months; pancreas, 24.0 months; lung, 15.1 months; and unknown origin, 9.0 months. Metastatic carcinoid tumor is a malignant disease susceptible to chemotherapeutic approaches and continued investigation of the therapy of these neoplasms should be strongly encouraged.
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PMID:Combination chemotherapy trials in metastatic carcinoid tumor and the malignant carcinoid syndrome. 9 82

In 7 oncological institutions of the Soviet Union a correlation was made between the efficacy of fluorofur, hexamethylmelanin and their combination for advanced cancer of the mammary gland in 136 patients. The therapeutic effect was estimated in 104 patients. Fluorofur yielded a considerable tumor regression (more than 50%) in 14 of 36 patients (40%), the duration of the remission in effectively treated patients was 2--5 months. Hexamethylmelanin induced a therapeutic effect in 18 of 37 patients (48%), the regression being complete in 6 patients (16%), its duration was 2--7 months. The combination of these drugs proved to be of an insignificant effect, the therapeutic effect was obtained in 5 of 31 patients (16%), the remission lasted for 1.5--5 months. The fluorofur therapy is rarely accompanied with adverse side effects (leucopenia--in 17%), while with hexamethylmelanin the incidence of leucopenia was 46%, a combination of the drugs reducing it up to 17%. Hexamethylmelanin combined with fluorofur was tolerated much more poorly (vomiting). Fluorofur and hexamethylmelanin are effective drugs for treatment of patients with advanced breast cancer.
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PMID:[Effectiveness of ftorafur and hexamethylmelamine in advanced breast cancer]. 9 70

The nutritional status of a cancer patient may be affected by the tumor, the chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy directed against the tumor, and by complications associated with that therapy. Chemotherapy-radiotherapy is not confined exclusively to malignant cell populations; thus, normal tissues may also be affected by the therapy and may contribute to specific nutritional problems. Impaired nutrition due to anorexia, mucositis, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea may be dependent upon the specific chemotherapeutic agent, dose, or schedule utilized. Similar side effects from radiation therapy depend upon the dose, fractionation, and volume irradiated. When combined modality treatment is given the nutritional consequences may be magnified. Prospective, randomized clinical trials are underway to investigate the efficacy of nutritional support during chemotherapy-radiotherapy on tolerance to treatment, complications from treatment, and response rates to treatment. Preliminary results demonstrate that the administration of total parenteral nutrition is successful in maintaining weight during radiation therapy and chemotherapy, but that weight loss occurs after discontinuation of nutritional support. Thus, long-term evaluation is mandatory to learn the impact of nutritional support on survival, disease-free survival, and complication rates, as well as on the possible prevention of morbidity associated with aggressive chemotherapy-radiation therapy.
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PMID:Alterations of nutritional status: impact of chemotherapy and radiation therapy. 10 84

Sixteen patients with advanced head and neck carcinomas were treated with cis-diaminedichloro platinum chemotherapy; seven preoperatively and nine for recurrent disease. Cis-platinum was given by 24-hour infusions of 80 mg/m2 every three weeks. There was 50% regression in 38% (6) of the patients; another 38% (6) had 25% to 50% regression. Toxicity was minimal, with vomiting occurring in 75% (12) of the courses, renal toxicity in 6% (2), leukopenia in 13% (4), thrombocytopenia in 9% (3), and anemia in 31% (10). Of the seven patients who had serial audiograms, only one experienced ototoxicity. Cis-platinum, given by 24-hour infusion, was effective in reducing tumor bulk in 75% (12) of the patients, with advanced head and neck carcinomas, without undue morbidity.
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PMID:Cis-platinum chemotherapy in head and neck cancers. 11 48

Twenty-two cancer patients were treated with streptozotocin (SZN) in six weekly intravenous doses of 1.0-1.5 g/m2. The results of the initial courses of therapy include 3 complete and 2 partial responses, 11 patients with no change, 4 with progression, and 2 deaths due to tumor progression. Three additional deaths also due to tumor progression occurred in previously responding patients. All responses were in patients with pancreatic tumor. Toxicity consisted of transient proteinuria in 11/15 patients, transient azotemia in 11/18 patients, marked reduction of creatinine clearance in 1 patient, burning pain at site of injection, nausea, and vomiting in 20/22 patients, change of FBS from pretherapy to post-therapy of at least 10 mg/100 ml in 11/17 patients, significantly decreased platelet count in 1/22 patients, decreased Hgb in 2/22 patients, and duodenal ulcer in 2/22 patients. A reduced dosage schedule and combination with other drugs known to be effective in pancreatic tumors deserves further investigations.
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PMID:Streptozotocin therapy in 22 cancer patients. 12 12

In a prospectively randomized study, 17 evaluable patients treated with adriamycin alone, 60 mg/m2 intravenously every 3 wk, were compared with 14 patients treated with adriamycin in the same dose and schedule plus streptozotocin. 500 mg/m2/day intravenously for 5 days every 3 wk. All patients had advanced sarcomas, but none had previously received either adriamycin or streptozotocin. Objective responses were seen in 9 patients on the single drug arm (4 with more than 50% tumor shrinkage and 5 with stabilization of disease), and in 8 patients given the combination drug arm (2 with more than 50% tumor shrinkage and 6 with stabilization of disease). Duration of response and survival from treatment for both treatment groups were similar. Transient hepatic dysfunction, renal function abnormalities, and nausea with vomiting were additive in the combination drug arm, the last two limiting therapy most. Leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and mucositis appeared to be synergistically increased in patients receiving both adriamycin and streptozotocin. Patients with abnormal pretreatment renal function were able to tolerate the combination therapy without undue incidence of severity of renal toxicity. Patients who developed transient streptozotocin-related renal dysfunction were able to tolerate further doses of streptozotocin after their renal parameters normalized. Adriamycin in combination with streptozotocin did not offer any therapeutic advantage over adriamycin alone.
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PMID:Combination chemotherapy with adriamycin and streptozotocin. I. Clinical results in patients with advanced sarcoma. 13 66


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