Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

18 histologically verified cases of intracranial cavernous angioma were reviewed in terms of clinical features, radiological and histopathological findings. The cases were divided into 3, groups: seizures (5), subarachnoid hemorrhage (6), and intracranial space occupied lesions (7). CT scan was done for surgical planning. Tumors were successfully removed in 17 cases except one died from edema after operation. The relations between radiological and pathologic features of intracranial cavernous angioma were discussed.
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PMID:[The clinical features and surgical treatment of intracranial cavernous angioma]. 147 86

The entity ganglioglioma in children seems to be an increasingly more common tumor. Most of these lesions are pathologically and clinically benign but have a pathological and clinical continuum in their behavior. Gross total resection, especially involving the lesions in the supratentorial compartment, is often curative. The most common symptom, seizures, in this group of lesions, can often be alleviated with removal of the tumor. This may be enhanced with the use of corticography at the initial surgery. The group of lesions located in the brainstem are more difficult to control and may require multiple operations and other therapies including radiation and chemotherapy for optimum outcome. Malignant lesions in the ganglioglioma series are rare and optimum therapy for these tumors is not well defined at this time. Pathologically, this group of tumors needs better definition for designing the best therapy. We are planning a survey both retrospectively and prospectively with flow cytometry and the use of various makers such as the K167 proliferation antigen to better define potential biological behavior. Clearly, a broader discussion with the patient and family is indicated when one of these tumors is discovered and operated.
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PMID:Ganglioglioma in children. A review of 32 cases at the University of Florida. 147 42

Forty-two children treated for gangliogliomas were reviewed to identify the best methods of detection and management. Thirty-two of the tumors were supratentorial, four infratentorial, and six were in the spinal cord. Twenty-five patients presented with seizures; the mean duration of symptoms was 5 years in contrast to 1 year in non-seizure patients. Of 31 children studied by computed tomography (CT), calcification in the tumor lesion was found in 19. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed abnormal high-signal intensity on T2 imaging in six of eight patients. All patients underwent surgical resection and were diagnosed pathologically. Twenty-four patients had total resection, and 14 underwent temporal lobectomies including hippocampectomy. The management of this tumor remains surgical resection without the need for any adjuvant therapy.
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PMID:Detection and management of gangliogliomas in children. 148 14

Total intravenous anaesthesia with propofol and alfentanil is an established alternative to inhalation anaesthesia for intracranial neurosurgical procedures. Its usefulness has been somewhat overshadowed by reports of seizure-like movements, both during anaesthesia and in the recovery period. These can be related to the use of either anaesthetic agent, but true epileptogenic properties still remain to be demonstrated in man. Opioid-induced rigidity is a well known phenomenon and must not be mistaken for an epileptic seizure. Myoclonic motor activity can be observed even under physiological conditions, e.g. sleep. Almost all anaesthetic agents have been found to produce "epileptic" EEG changes (spikes, polyspikes, spike-wave complexes), but in man these have never been correlated to motor reactions. Propofol's pro- or anticonvulsive action is unclear. While some groups found shortened convulsing times in patients undergoing electroconvulsive therapy with propofol instead of methohexitone, others have reported activation of epileptogenic foci in the EEGs of known epileptic patients. A synergistic effect of propofol and alfentanil in the generation of seizure-like movements cannot be excluded. Whether seizure-like movements indicate a true "epileptogenic potency" of the anaesthetic drugs or are related to other phenomena remains to be studied. Electro-encephalographic monitoring during anaesthesia as well as careful observation and documentation of motor reactions may contribute to elucidation of the problem. We report a case of seizure-like movements during propofol-alfentanil anaesthesia for an elective craniotomy. A 52-year-old patient presented with a history of headaches of increasing frequency. A CT brain scan demonstrated a tumor in the left occipital region.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[A myoclonic seizure during propofol-alfentanil anesthesia?]. 149 34

A 13-year retrospective review of 17 patients with gangliogliomas treated at the University of Iowa was conducted to investigate the association between tumor location, extent of resection, pathological findings, and patient prognosis. Thirteen were in the cerebral hemispheres and 4 in the midline. The mean ages at diagnosis and symptom onset were 16 and 8.8 years, respectively. The most common presenting symptom was seizures (11 patients); focal neurological deficit was seen in 5 patients and headache in 1. Patients with hemispheric tumors had an older age at time of diagnosis and a longer duration of symptoms. Pathologically, they had more microcalcifications, lymphocytic infiltration, microcystic degeneration, and eosinophilic bodies. Cerebral hemispheric tumors were more amenable to total resection than midline neoplasms, 77% versus 25%, respectively. In the patients with hemispheric tumors, 10 patients were tumor-free after total resection. Two of the 3 patients with partial resection had stable residual tumors. The third died of tumor progression. In the 4 patients with midline neoplasms, one was tumor-free after total resection. The other 3 had subtotal resection and radiation therapy. Two died within 2 years; the third is still alive with progressive tumor. Five of 9 patients who had seizure disorders and who underwent total tumor removal were seizure-free postoperatively. The other 4 patients and the 2 with partial surgical resection continued to have seizures.
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PMID:Ganglioglioma: 13 years of experience. 151 23

A 58-year-old man with complex partial seizures had transient symmetrical MR enhancement in the anterior mesiotemporal cortex bilaterally, correlated with the sites of seizure focus on electroencephalography. Preinfused T1-weighted and T2-weighted sequences showed no abnormality. After adequate control of seizures with medication, repeat MR was normal and the prior enhancement was no longer seen. This transient seizure-induced MR enhancement was consistent with ictal or postictal hyperemia and breakdown of the blood-brain barrier and should not be erroneously attributed to mesial temporal sclerosis, encephalitis, tumor, or infarction.
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PMID:Complex partial seizure-induced transient MR enhancement. 152 77

Intraventricular neurocytoma (IN), a recently recognized, benign cerebral tumor of young adults, can be confused with oligodendroglioma and other neoplasms. The authors compared the radiologic features of six pathologically confirmed cases of IN with those of 26 previously reported cases. The presenting symptoms were headache (62%), raised intracranial pressure (41%), and seizures (12%). Radiologically, the tumor frequently demonstrated a characteristic attachment to the septum pellicidum and confinement to the lateral and third ventricles. Calcification, which is common in IN and an important diagnostic feature, was seen to best advantage on computed tomographic (CT) scans. The results indicate that IN can be suggested radiologically on the basis of its CT appearance and should be included in the pathologic differential diagnosis of intraventricular tumors.
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PMID:Interventricular neurocytoma: radiologic features and review of the literature. 153 95

We examined potential clinical and pathologic correlates of seizures among the 3,291 children in the Childhood Brain Tumor Consortium database. Fourteen percent had seizures prior to their hospitalization for a brain tumor. Among children who had a supratentorial tumor, seizures occurred in 22% of those less than 14 years of age. The prevalence of seizures increased to 68% of older teenagers. Among children with an infratentorial tumor, the prevalence of seizures was relatively constant at 6% over all age groups. The onset of seizures began more than one year prior to surgical tumor removal in over half of the children aged five or more with supratentorial tumors, significantly longer than for those of the same age with infratentorial tumors. Almost all children (98.9%) with an infratentorial tumor and seizures had at least one other symptom and more than three-fourths of them had at least three. Eighty-nine percent of children with a supratentorial tumor and seizures had at least one other symptom and more than one-half had at least three symptoms. Regardless of whether the tumor was above or below the tentorium, confusion or stupor and coma were more common in children with seizures than in children without seizures. Among children with supratentorial tumors, symptoms of a declining academic performance or an abnormality of personality, speech, walking, or sensation were significantly more frequent in children with seizures, while visual symptoms (other than visual loss or diplopia) and nausea or vomiting were less frequent. Among children with supratentorial tumors, those who had seizures were more likely to have paralysis of an arm, hand, or face, confusion or stupor, or coma and less likely to exhibit irritability, papilledema, optic atrophy, decreased visual acuity, pupillary abnormalities, or abducens paresis. Among children with infratentorial tumors, those with seizures were significantly less likely to have truncal ataxia, but more likely to experience confusion, stupor, or coma. In the supratentorial compartment, astrocytoma (nos), protoplasmic astrocytoma, anaplastic astrocytoma, and ependymoma were more frequently associated with seizures than was craniopharyngioma. No infratentorial tumor type was more or less likely to be associated with seizures. All common tumor types that were represented in both the supratentorial and the infratentorial compartment except astrocytoma (nos) were associated with significantly greater rates of seizures when located in the supratentorial compartment. The tumor location with the highest incidence of seizures was, as expected, the superficial cerebrum. More than 40% of the children with such tumors had seizures.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Epidemiology of seizures in children with brain tumors. The Childhood Brain Tumor Consortium. 154 79

Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor is a recently described but rare tumor that occurs in children and characterized by long-standing, intractable partial complex seizures. Due to a paucity of literature on this condition and its heterogeneous cellular composition, dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumors can present difficulties in diagnosis. The authors describe two cases of dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor occurring in young patients (ages 8 and 19 years). Both tumors were located in the temporal lobe. Temporal lobectomy with excision of mesial structures resulted in resolution of the seizures. Differential diagnosis includes oligodendrogliomas, mixed gliomas, and gangliogliomas. Features of the dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor that are useful in making the distinction include a multinodular and multicystic appearance, the presence of both neuronal and glial (oligodendrocytic and astrocytic) components with little if any cytologic atypia, the presence of accompanying cortical dysplasia, and the lack of an arcuate vascular pattern. Because dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumors are curable by excision, the recognition and correct diagnosis of this tumor is important.
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PMID:Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor. 154 64

The application of recombinant DNA technology to the production of tumor necrosis factor has resulted in the availability of large quantities of a highly purified protein product. This product has been evaluated extensively in preclinical studies, which have documented a direct cytostatic and cytotoxic effect on human tumor cells, as well as a variety of immunomodulatory effects on various immune effector cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, and T cells. In addition, a number of anti-infective and metabolic effects have been documented. In addition to its in vitro effects, rTNF has been shown to have antitumor activity in vivo in preclinical studies involving both transplantable murine tumors and human tumor xenografts. Such observations have led to the evaluation of rTNF as a potential antineoplastic agent in humans. Both single- and multiple-dose phase I studies have confirmed that rTNF can be safely administered to patients with advanced malignancies in a dose range associated with anticancer effect without concomitant serious toxicities such as shock and cachexia. The most commonly observed clinical toxicities include constitutional symptoms, such as fever, chills, headache, and fatigue, and toxicities, which can be at least partially controlled with concomitant administration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as acetaminophen and meperidine. Hypotension, which occurs at high doses administered by short intravenous infusion, can usually be prevented by prehydration with intravenous fluids or otherwise controlled by the administration. An intense local inflammatory reaction at the injection site as well as thrombocytopenia appear to be the dose-limiting toxicities after subcutaneous and intramuscular administration. Neurologic toxicity is infrequent, except following continuous intravenous infusion, where it may manifest as transient focal neurologic deficits or seizure. Prolonged administration of rTNF at higher doses may be associated with transient, subclinical decreases in diffusing capacity. Patients with underlying cardiopulmonary disease should be excluded from rTNF therapy in future clinical studies until the end-organ toxicities of this agent are better defined. For at least one preparation of rTNF there appears to be no evidence for the formation of antibodies to rTNF in patients who receive multiple administrations of the agent. Pharmacokinetic studies have shown a relatively rapid clearance following intravenous infusion with a half-life of 15 to 30 min and dose-dependent pharmacokinetics. rTNF can be detected in the serum following intramuscular or subcutaneous injection at only relatively high doses, suggesting a decreased bioavailability with the routes of administration. Early phase I studies defined tolerable dose ranges for each route of administration and began to explore immunomodulatory and metabolic effects of rTNF.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Recombinant human TNF-alpha: preclinical studies and results from early clinical trials. 155 Aug 75


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