Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The records of 12 patients with primary malignant neoplasms of the duodenum, excluding ampullary lesions, have been studied. There were eight adenocarcinomas and four leiomyosarcomas. The second portion of the duodenum was the most common site for these neoplasms. Common symptoms were epigastric pain; obstructive symptoms, such as nausea and vomiting; obstructive jaundice, and hematemesis. Hematemesis is the most common symptom in leiomyosarcoma of the duodenum. The mean duration of symptoms was six months for leiomyosarcoma and 3.2 months for adenocarcinoma. In five patients, excision of the tumor was carried out more frequently for those in the distal portion of the duodenum. More radical procedures, such as pancreaticoduodenectomy, are the treatment of choice in neoplasms of the second portion of the duodenum. A bypass procedure is done for palliation of intestinal obstruction. Three patients with leiomyosarcomas that were resected had a mean survival time of 51 months. On the other hand, patients with adenocarcinomas that were resected had a mean survival time of nine months, while patients with unresectable tumors had a mean survival time of 2.3 months.
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PMID:Primary neoplasms of the duodenum. 93 29

Two cases of spontaneous cerebral ventriculostium are presented. The first case is that of a 3 year-old girl with a thumb-sized soft scalp tumor of the occipital region (dural hypertrophy) and hydroencephalodysplasia (Picaza). PVG revealed noncommunicating hydrocephalus with asymmetrical deformity of the lateral ventricle and agenesis of corpus callosum (Fig. 1). Ventriculoatrial shunt was performed. Three years passed under the useful life when she readmitted to our clinic complaining headache, nausea and vomiting. On the first hospital day she fell into respiratory arrest accompanied with coma after the tonic convulsion, and eventually, she died on the fourth hospital day. Postmortem examination revealed spontaneous cerebral ventriculostium which communicated with the posteromedial trigone of the left lateral ventricle (Fig. 3). Combined other malformations such as dysgenesis of the corpus callosum and only one anterior cerebral artery, etc. were found. The second case is that of a young adult, a 22 year-old male with rapidly progressing intracranial hypertension. PVG revealed marked dilatation of the lateral and the third ventricle, non-filling of the aqueduct and spontaneous cerebral ventriculostium which communicated with the posterior part of the third ventricle (Fig. 4). And insidiously he fell into akinetic mutism. After suboccipital exploratory craniotomy and ventriculo-peritoneal shunt akinetic mutism improved gradually, and he was discharged on foot after 7 months. PEG performed on June 8, 1973, showed no evidence of aqueduct obstruction and injected air passed from the fourth ventricle to the third one smoothly. He lives on now under a useful condition. These 2 cases are the first report on literatures in Japan, but presumably there must be many other cases. Since W. H. Sweet reported his own two cases of spontaneous cerebral ventriculostium on 1940, more than thirty cases have been published on literatures. However, there are found various expressions to describe the same condition (Table 1). We would like to propose that the most suitable expression is "ventriculostium" not only in deference to the originality of W. H. Sweet but also not to confuse this pathogenetic state with other similar conditions. The author's next interest is the chronological fact that from W. H. Sweet (1940) to A. Torkildsen (1948), all but one ostiums reported situated at the posteromedial trigone of the lateral ventricle, whereas after A. Torkildsen, they were found at the posterior part of the third ventricle in many cases. The reason is unknown. It would appear that three main conditions are necessary for the development of ventricluostium just beneath the tentorium. The first, there must be increased pressure within the lateral or the third ventricle. The second essential feature is the lack of any large space occupying lesion in the the infratentorial space. The third, there must be wider space between the tentorial incisura and the brain stem.
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PMID:[Spontaneous cerebral ventriculostium (author's transl)]. 94 70

Only a small proportion of patients with carcinoma of the stomach are suitable for radical surgery. For the remainder symptomatic treatment and radiotherapy alone or in combination with chemotherapy can be used to relieve distressing symptoms of pain, nausea and vomiting, and severe anemia. In the case of radiotherapy or chemotherapy, a degree of tumor regression can be expected. There have been encouraging results recently in palliating this disease with new radiotherapy techniques, notably fast neutron irradiation.
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PMID:[The medical management of carcinoma of the stomach (author's transl)]. 96 30

Chromomycin A3 was given to 43 patients with metastatic cancer in order to determine the tolerable dose when the drug was administered on an every-other-day dose schedule for a total of five iv push injections, with the course of therapy being repeated every 4 weeks. At least three patients were entered at each dose level, graduated in 0.1-mg/m2 increments between 0.7 and 1.6 mg/m2. The most common (19 patients) side effect was nausea and/or vomiting, but this was usually mild, lasted for a few hours, and diminished in severity with repeated injections. Skin necrosis due to drug extravasation was a problem early in the study, but was eliminated by injecting the drug through iv tubing. Transient elevations in SGOT and alkaline phosphatase levels were observed, but proved not to be of serious consequence. Renal toxicity proved to be the limiting factor in therapy. However, a dose level of 1.3 mg/m2 was found to be a tolerable level of drug administration in previously untreated patients. Objective tumor responses were noted in four patients (Hodgkin's disease, embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma, adenocarcinoma of the lung, and malignant melanoma).
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PMID:Phase I alternate-day dose study of chromomycin A3. 103 32

An analysis of 80 cases of malignant and benign tumors of the small intestine is presented, and major clinical features of various histologic lesions are discussed. Tumors of the small intestine are rare, and the small bowel may have intrinsic protective systems against the development of neoplasms. Gastrointestinal bleeding and symptoms of intermittent obstruction are prominent findings in patients with symptomatic benign tumors, although many benign tumors are incidental findings at operation for an unrelated disease. Benign lesions should be removed by local excision. Virtually all malignant tumors are symptomatic with abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, anorexia and weight loss, and gastrointestinal bleeding being common findings. Earlier diagnosis is essential if the prognosis for patients with small intestinal malignancies is to be improved. A high degree of suspicion must be aroused with any vague, nonspecific gastrointestinal complaints in patients over 40 years of age. Exploratory celiotomy should be performed in symptomatic patients even though no abnormality may be detected on roentgenographic examination.
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PMID:Tumors of the small intestine. 107 69

An initial clinical phase I trial of inosine dialdehyde has been carried out in 40 patients at dose levels of 30-4000 mg/m2 for 5 days given intravenously (iv) monthly. At 1.5 g/m2, noncumulative dose-related toxicity occurred in all patients which consisted of nausea and vomiting, local pain, alterations in coagulation mechanism, elevated partial thromboplastin time, and positive Coombs' test. No dose-limiting leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia, or bleeding occurred; however, depression of the leukocyte and platelet counts, and decreased hemoglobin value were observed. The dose-limiting toxic effect was renal tubular damage with reversible acute renal failure in one of four patients who received 3000 mg/m2 iv for 5 days. Refractory hypercalcemia was controlled in three of three patients without tumor effect. Responses occurred in patients with seminoma, oat cell carcinoma, and melanoma. A starting dose of 2 g/m2 for 3 days monthly is recommended for phase II trials and a trial in lung carcinoma is now being conducted.
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PMID:Clinical phase I trial of inosine dialdehyde (NSC-118994). 110 41

Metronidazole was administered orally to 25 patients and its maximum concentration in blood and tumor tissues, its ability to cross the blood/brain barrier and concentrate in the cerebrospinal fluid and brain tumor tissue, its immediate and long-term toxicity, and its enhancement of irradiation in normal tissue were studied. Maximum blood concentrations of 700-1,200 muM (120-220 mug/ml) were obtained at four hours with doses of 6 g/m2. Moderate and transient nausea and vomiting were the only immediate signs of toxicity. No long-term toxicity was found up to 18 months after administration of the drug. These data indicate that metronidazole can feasibly be adminstered in clinical trials of fractionated radiotherapy using dosages ranging from 9.5 to 11 g three times a week for three to four weeks.
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PMID:Phase 1 study of high-dose metronidazole: a specific in vivo and in vitro radiosensitizer of hypoxic cells. 116 51

It has been shown in phase II studies that 254-S, a new anticancer platinum complex, is effective in the treatment of various cancers. In order to more objectively evaluate the clinical usefulness of this compound, a randomized comparative study of 254-S plus VDS vs. CDDP plus VDS was conducted in patients with advanced NSCLC. 254-S or CDDP was intravenously administered at 90 mg/m2, at least 2 times at 4-week intervals. VDS was intravenously administered at 3 mg/m2 on Days 1 and 8 of each treatment of 254-S or CDDP. Of 136 patients registered, 121 (64 of the 254-S/VDS group and 57 of the CDDP/VDS group) were evaluable for tumor response (complete cases). There was no significant intergroup difference in the tumor response rate (254-S/VDS group: 12.5% [8/64], CDDP/VDS group: 15.8% [9/57]), nor by cancer staging, histological type or survival. As for toxic effects, leukopenia was significantly less frequent in the 254-S/VDS group while thrombocytopenia was significantly less frequent in the CDDP/VDS group. Nephrotoxicity such as an elevation of BUN and a decrease in serum creatinine was significantly less frequent in the 254-S/VDS group in spite of the lower volume hydration performed. In addition, nausea and vomiting as well as anorexia were observed with significantly lower incidences in the 254-S/VDS group despite the less frequent anti-emetic treatment. Based on these results, it was concluded that combination treatment with 254-S and VDS is a safe and useful regimen for treatment of NSCLC, generating antitumor effects equivalent to the CDDP/VDS regimen.
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PMID:[A randomized comparative study of 254-S plus vindesine (VDS) vs. cisplatin (CDDP) plus VDS in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)]. 132 Aug 46

A case of brain metastasis of lung cancer with Eaton-Lambert syndrome (ELS) is reported. A 45-year-old male was admitted to the Department of Surgery in Kurume University Hospital on November 13, 1985, complaining of general fatigue. On admission, neurological examination revealed diplopia and fatigue of the extremities. The electromyogram (EMG) showed the waning phenomenon in low frequency repetitive stimulation (2Hz) and the waxing phenomenon in high frequency repetitive stimulation (10Hz, 20Hz). His clinical symptoms, radiological findings and EMG findings demonstrated lung cancer with ELS. Left pulmonary lobectomy with lymphnode dissection of the anterior mediastinum and pulmonary hilus was performed on December 4. Intraoperatively, the tumor was strongly adherent to a medium lymphnode. The patient experienced complete relief symptoms due to ELS. Histological examination disclosed a small cell carcinoma without lymphnode metastasis. He was discharged without any neurological deficits following chemotherapy on February 27, 1986. He was readmitted to the Department of Neurosurgery on August 29, 1986, because of the development of nausea and vomiting. Neurological examination demonstrated no abnormalities except for choked disc in the bilateral ocular fundi. The computed tomography scan revealed a metastatic brain tumor with a mural nodule and cyst. The tumor was totally removed on September 2. Histological examination revealed a typical appearance of small cell carcinoma. He followed a satisfactory postoperative course. He was discharged following radiation therapy on November 2, 1986, and was followed as an outpatient. He has no problem in daily life since then. Though the patient had an expanding metastatic brain tumor from lung cancer after the first operation, he experienced no symptoms due to ELS.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Brain metastasis of lung cancer with Eaton-Lambert syndrome--case report]. 132 90

Twenty patients with astrocytomas recurrent after surgery +/- radiation were treated on a phase II protocol of the new anthracycline derivative menogaril 115 mg/m2 administered intravenously once per week. Sixteen patients were evaluable for treatment efficacy. No patient achieved a major therapeutic response. Three patients (19%) had stable disease for greater than 8 weeks, including one who showed minor evidence of tumor regression, but less than 50%. Thirteen patients failed. Treatment was well tolerated. One patient developed granulocytopenia, while none developed thrombocytopenia. Four patients required an interruption in their treatment for one to two weeks because of development of granulocytopenia (one patient) or other reasons. Other toxic effects included arm vein phlebitis and skin irritation, skin discoloration of the infused arm, mild to moderate nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, stomatitis, and a fatal central venous catheter infection. Despite the fact that menogaril appeared to have therapeutic activity against recurrent astrocytomas in our phase I studies, we could not document any activity in this phase II study.
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PMID:Phase II study of weekly intravenous menogaril in the treatment of recurrent astrocytomas in adults. 133 46


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