Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twenty-eight patients with refractory advanced malignancies were treated with a 24 hr infusion of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), Leucovorin (LV), and N-(phosphonacetyl)-L-aspartic acid (PALA) weekly. Twenty-seven patients were evaluable for the assessment of toxicity and anti-tumor activity. PALA was administered as intravenous bolus over 15 min at a fixed dose, 250 mg/m2 24 hr before the start of 5-FU and LV infusions. 5-FU was initially administered at 750 mg/m2 and was incrementally increased to 2600 mg/m2. LV was administered in a fixed dose of 500 mg/m2 concurrently with 5-FU over a 24-hr period. The course was repeated weekly. Diarrhea, stomatitis, nausea, and vomiting were among dose-limiting toxic effects. Other toxicities observed were hand-foot syndrome, hair loss of scalp/eyelashes, overall weakness, rhinitis, and chemical conjunctivitis. Maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of 5-FU in this combination and schedule was 2600 mg/m2. Seven of 14 patients treated at 2600 mg/m2 were able to tolerate the chemotherapy on a weekly basis without interruption. The other seven patients required dose de-escalation, a majority of whom contained 5-FU at a dose of 2100 mg/m2. Twenty-three of 27 patients had been previously treated. Eight patients achieved a partial response, all of whom were previously treated, except three patients. A complete response was observed in a patient with pancreatic carcinoma, previously untreated. Overall response rate for the patients who were treated at the 5-FU dose of 2100 mg/m2 or 2600 mg/m2 is 9 of 18 patients (50%).
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PMID:Phase I study of high dose 5-fluorouracil and high dose Leucovorin with low dose phosphonacetyl-L-aspartic acid in patients with advanced malignancies. 173 89

Hydrocephalus is marked by the excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid within the ventricles. The disorder is characterized by an imbalance in the production and reabsorption of cerebrospinal fluid. Congenital hydrocephalus is usually the result of an intrauterine infection or maldevelopment of the aqueduct of Sylvius. Acquired hydrocephalus can be caused by infection, neoplasm or hemorrhage. In infants, hydrocephalus usually presents as progressive head enlargement. The presenting symptoms in children are irritability, headache, nausea, vomiting and lethargy. Diagnosis is made with ultrasonography, computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. The majority of patients are treated with cerebrospinal fluid shunt procedures, most commonly the placement of ventriculoperitoneal or lumboperitoneal shunts. The outcome of hydrocephalus is determined by the etiology, the presence or absence of associated anomalies, and the timeliness of diagnosis and treatment.
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PMID:Hydrocephalus in infancy and childhood. 173 57

The isolation and enlargement of the fourth ventricle after a ventriculoperitoneal (V-P) shunt was classified as "isolated fourth ventricle (IFV)". The term, "disproportionately large communicating fourth ventricle (DFV)" was first introduced by Scotti et al as being an enlarged fourth ventricle communicating with the third ventricle. The authors present a case of DFV after the resection of an astrocytoma. Upon recurrence of the tumor a second resection was carried out 5 years later. It was found that IFV had evolved because a cyst in the right temporal lobe was obstructing the aqueduct. After shunting of the tumor cyst, the aqueduct was again found to be patent and the fourth ventricle gradually decreased in size. A 34-year-old female presented headache, nausea, and a mild left hemiparesis. An initial CT scan demonstrated a fourth ventricle of approximately normal size and a right temporal mass. The first craniotomy revealed an astrocytoma. A CT scan after the surgical procedure showed enlargement of all ventricles, especially the fourth, resulting from the blockage of the foramina of Luschka and Magendie. The insertion of a V-P shunt was followed by a reduction in size of all ventricles. The diagnosis of DFV was thus confirmed because the fourth ventricle had a demonstrated communication with the third ventricle. After a second craniotomy for tumor recurrence five years later, a CT scan revealed the enlargement of the fourth ventricle and a cyst in the right temporal lobe. A metrizamide CT scan revealed that the cyst was isolated and an RI ventriculogram confirmed obstruction of the aqueduct.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[A case of disproportionately large communicating fourth ventricle after resection of temporal astrocytoma that evolved an isolated fourth ventricle]. 176 41

Fifty-four patients with advanced malignancies were treated on this phase I trial of coumarin and cimetidine. The dose of coumarin was escalated, with three patients treated at each dose level, while the cimetidine dose was held constant at 300 mg four times daily. Patients received coumarin alone as a single daily oral dose for 14 days; on day 15, cimetidine was added and both drugs were continued until progression of disease. This trial was initiated with patients receiving coumarin at 400 mg daily and closed at 7 g daily with four of five patients on this dose experiencing nausea and vomiting. Treatment was generally well tolerated over a wide range of coumarin doses. Symptomatic side effects were few, mild, and usually self limited. Side effects included insomnia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and dizziness. Two patients withdrew from therapy because of daily nausea and vomiting. Typically, nausea, vomiting, and dizziness occurred 2.5-3 hours after a dose of coumarin. In most patients, these side effects abated spontaneously with continuation of therapy. There was no significant hematologic or renal toxicity. Hepatotoxicity occurred in only one patient and was manifested by asymptomatic abnormal elevations of serum hepatic transaminases. This toxicity was reversible upon interruption of therapy. Objective tumor regressions were observed in six patients with renal cell carcinoma. Responses occurred at coumarin doses ranging from 600 mg to 5 g daily. Coumarin is a relatively nontoxic, oral, outpatient therapy that warrants further investigations for the treatment of human malignancies. Because of its low toxicity, there is potential for combining coumarin with chemotherapeutic and/or biological agents in an attempt to improve on efficacy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Phase I evaluation of coumarin (1,2-benzopyrone) and cimetidine in patients with advanced malignancies. 176 68

We carried out combined M-VAC therapy in 12 patients with invasive bladder cancer without metastatic foci, and studied mainly the pathohistological findings and side effects before and after chemotherapy. There were 9 male cases and 3 female cases who were between 53 and 76 years old, and 66 years old on the average. After admission, 1 or 2 courses of M-VAC therapy were performed after confirmation of the pathological tissues by transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TUR-BT), and then total cystectomy (in 6 cases) or TUR-BT (in 6 cases) was conducted after 15 days on the average. According to the combined M-VAC therapy, down-stage was noted in 6 cases (50%) and down-grade in 6 cases (50%). Side effects such as anorexia, nausea and leukopenia were noted in all cases, and depilation, vomiting and thrombopenia were frequently noted. However, all these cases were transient without any serious trouble. The usefulness of the combined M-VAC therapy in invasive bladder cancer was proven, and the possibility of elevating the therapeutic response by surgery with lesser invasion was suggested.
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PMID:[Study of the combined M-VAC therapy in invasive bladder cancer]. 178 88

Based on clinical evidence that prolonged exposure to anti-neoplastic agents may ameliorate dose-limiting toxicity while facilitating anti-tumor activity, we conducted a phase I trial of 14-day continuous intravenous infusion mitoxantrone. Study objectives were to: (1) determine the maximally tolerated dose for phase II trials; (2) determine the incidence and severity of side effects; and (3) study the pharmacokinetics of continuous infusion mitoxantrone. Sixteen patients with drug-resistant advanced cancers were entered into the trial. Three or more patients were treated at each dose level (1.0, 1.25, and 1.5 mg/m2/day) for a total of 33 courses (mean 2.1 courses/patient, range, 1-4). Courses were repeated every 4 weeks. The maximally tolerated dose (MTD) was found to be 1.5 mg/m2/day. At this dose four of six patients had grade III or IV leukopenia (mean WBC nadir 1900/microliters, range, 800-3600/microliters). Other toxicities were grade I or II stomatitis (two patients), grade I diarrhea (one patient), and grade I nausea (one patient). Renal and hepatic toxicity were not observed. No alopecia or infectious complications occurred. Pharmacokinetic studies were performed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Steady-state plasma levels at the 1.5 mg/m2/day dose were reached by 48 h, with a mean steady-state plasma concentration of 3.2 +/- 0.7 ng/ml, mean total body clearance of 340 +/- 79 ml/min/m2, and mean area under the plasma disappearance curve (AUC) of 955 +/- 185 micrograms h/l. No responses were observed, although no patients with mitoxantrone-sensitive tumors were treated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:A phase I trial of 14-day continuous intravenous infusion mitoxantrone. 180 19

This is a case report of immediate acute pulmonary edema following the intravenous administration of Stronger Neo-Minophagen C (glycyrrhizin) and Chlor-Trimeton (chlorpheniramine maleate). The patient was a 15-year-old Japanese boy who had a previous history of surgery for right testicular tumor and adverse reactions to contrast media. The patient complained of severe headache, nausea, and vomiting just before the end of intravenous administration of these drugs, which were being given to prevent an adverse reaction to contrast enhanced CT. The symptoms disappeared within a few minutes, but chest CT examination performed immediately after the onset of the adverse reaction showed ill-defined consolidations with air bronchogram, especially in the anterior portion of both lungs. One day later, the abnormalities coalesced and poorly marginated patchy opacities developed. A week later, the abnormal densities disappeared. CT findings suggested acute pulmonary edema, especially in the anterior portion of both lungs. Thus CT examination was useful to detect focal pulmonary edema even in a patient with no particular respiratory symptom.
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PMID:Drug-induced acute pulmonary edema--sequential changes in CT images. 182 97

Twenty-eight patients with histologically proven metastatic or invasive, unresectable pheochromocytomas, which were shown to concentrate and retain tracer doses of [131I]metaiodobenzylguanidine (131I-MIBG), were treated with therapeutic quantities of this radiopharmaceutical. Between one and six doses ranging from 97 to 301 mCi (cumulative dose 111-916 mCi) were administered. Partial response in tumor size was achieved in 8/28 patients and partial biochemical responses in 12/28 patients. No pharmacological toxicity was observed. Mild radiation sickness (nausea, vomiting, anorexia) occurred in 21/28. Minor degrees of leukopenia and thrombocytopenia were observed in 3/28. There were three cases of hypothyroidism but no significant hepatic, renal, adrenocortical or autonomic nervous dysfunction. We conclude that therapeutic 131I-MIBG can achieve significant therapeutic responses in some cases of malignant pheochromocytoma without pharmacological toxicity and only mild radiotoxicity.
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PMID:Radiopharmaceutical therapy of malignant pheochromocytoma with [131I]metaiodobenzylguanidine: results from ten years of experience. 182 34

Twenty-one patients with liver metastasis of gastrinoma received intravenous streptozotocin (STZ: 500 mg/sqm.day) and 5 fluorouracil (5 FU: 400 mg/sqm.day) during 5 consecutive days every 6 weeks. Variations in tumor mass (TM) on CT scan and in serum gastrin levels were assessed every two courses. Treatment was continued if TM decreased or remained unchanged, and if severe renal toxicity of STZ was not observed. Three patients had a minor (25-50 percent decrease in TM) and transient response. Only one patient (5 percent) presented an objective response (greater than 50 percent) which lasted 55 months. TM remained unchanged in 28 percent and increased in 65 percent of cases. Changes in serum gastrin levels did not parallel those of TM. Nausea and/or vomiting (66 percent) was easily controlled by symptomatic treatment. Renal toxicity (24 percent), including one case of acute and transient renal failure due to accidental overdosing, was observed in 24 percent of cases. This prospective study does not confirm the efficacy of combined STZ-5 FU as previously suggested by retrospective data.
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PMID:[Intravenous chemotherapy with streptozotocin and 5 fluorouracil for hepatic metastases of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. A prospective multicenter study in 21 patients]. 183 20

We conducted a phase I study of CI-898 (trimetrexate), a new diaminoquinazoline antifolate in 22 patients with solid cancer in a multicenter collaborative study. The dosage schedule was single-dose intravenous administration (single treatment), followed by one or two courses of 5-day intravenous administration (5-day treatment) at 3-week intervals. Starting at 2 mg/m2 (1 n), the dose was increased up to 15 mg/m2 (7.5 n) for single treatment and 12 mg/m2 (6 n) for 5-day treatment. Evaluable cases numbered 18 for single treatment and 17 for 5-day treatment. In single treatment, the highest dose of 15 mg/m2 caused no serious side effect and did not reach the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). In 5-day treatment, leukocytopenia and thrombocytopenia were found dose dependently, the dose-limiting factor was bone marrow depression, and MTD was 10 mg/m2/day. The leukocyte and platelet counts reached the nadir in 1-3 weeks after initiation of 5-day treatment. The recovery from the nadir required about one week. Subjective side effects included mucitis (mouth, anus), malaise and gastro-intestinal symptoms (nausea, anorexia, diarrhea). None of alopecia, cardiotoxicity and nephrotoxicity were found. In the present phase I study, a tendency of tumor reduction was found in one case each of breast cancer (adenoma) and lung cancer (squamous cell carcinoma). The plasma concentration of the unchanged compound after single treatment showed a biphasic elimination pattern (t1/2 alpha 0.8-1.4 hr, t1/2 beta 9.4-13.0hr). The urinary excretion of the unchanged compound was 14.7-23.5% of the administered dose. In 5-day treatment, no accumulation was found. From the results of the present study, the recommended dosage of CI-898 in the early phase II study was considered to be 8 mg/m2/day intravenously for 5 days (every 3-4 weeks).
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PMID:[Phase I study of CI-898. CI-898 Study Group]. 183 40


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