Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 36-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of general fatigue. The physical and laboratory findings on admission revealed splenomegaly, pancytopenia, hypocoagulopathy, liver hypofunction with a hepaplastin test of 55% and ICG Rmax of 0.6 mg/kg/min. Diagnostic imaging showed a hypoechoic mass 1.5 in diameter a low density area on the CT scan and a faint tumor stain on the AAG in the posterior inferior area of the liver. On a diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma with liver cirrhosis and hypersplenism, partial hepatectomy and splenectomy were performed. The resected hepatic specimen revealed a small liver cancer of 1.9 x 1.5 x 1.3 cm with liver cirrhosis. The specimen consisted of a firm rubbery mass. Macroscopically, the tumor appeared oval and was lobulated with a thin capsule. A fibrous scar was observed in the central area. Microscopically, malignant hepatocytes showed various shapes, ranging from polygonal to spindle form, with eosinophilic granular cytoplasm and were surrounded by abundant fibrous stroma. Orcein stain, revealed that these malignant hepatocytes contained many black granules of copper-binding protein. Immunoperoxidase staining for alpha 1-antitrypsin was also positive in the malignant hepatocytes. However, within this lamellar fibrous regions, there were many cords of tumor cells in which nucleoli were absent and abortive biliary differentiation was suggested. Consequently this tumor was diagnosed as an atypical fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma. We think that this case is the 3rd case reported in Japan and the 2nd case in a Japanese person.
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PMID:Fibrolamellar carcinoma of the liver--a case report. 165 47

We studied the effect of CV 205-502 in 12 patients with macroprolactinomas and 8 patients with PRL-secreting tumors, who were selected because of previous repeatedly shown intolerance to bromocriptine in even small doses. We also investigated serum insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) levels before and during CV 205-502 therapy. In 12 macroprolactinoma patients followed for 1 yr, 0.075-0.450 mg CV 205-502 lowered PRL levels by 91.2 +/- 5.4%. Only 3 of the patients had transient side-effects of nausea, dizziness, or fatigue. In eight patients with PRL-secreting tumors who were bromocriptine intolerant, CV 205-502 (0.075-0.300 mg daily) lowered PRL levels by 80.2 +/- 6.3%. Four of these patients showed transient side-effects (nausea, fatigue, and/or tachycardia). None of the patients discontinued therapy. There was a close correlation between pretreatment circulating PRL levels and tumor size, expressed in cubic millimeters. The decrease in pituitary tumor size after 52 weeks of CV 205-502 therapy (-74 +/- 6%) was also correlated with the decrease in PRL levels (P less than 0.01). In four patients with hypopituitarism, lowered IGF-I levels did not change during CV 205-502 therapy. However, in seven previously untreated patients with macroprolactinoma and normal CV 205-502 is a potent dopaminergic drug, which effectively controls PRL secretion and induces tumor shrinkage. At the doses used in our study, it causes only mild and transient side-effects in a minority of patients and can also be used to treat hyperprolactinemic patients who have shown intolerance to bromocriptine therapy.
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PMID:The efficacy and tolerability of CV 205-502 (a nonergot dopaminergic drug) in macroprolactinoma patients and in prolactinoma patients intolerant to bromocriptine. 167 85

An 18-year-old male was admitted with headache, nausea, and vomiting. Computed tomography (CT) revealed an enhanced tumor of the pineal region and hydrocephalus. The tumor was partially resected via a parieto-occipital craniectomy. The histological diagnosis was germinoma. No serum tumor markers such as alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) were detectable. A ventriculo-peritoneal (V-P) shunt was emplaced and radiation therapy (whole brain 59 Gy) given. The tumor and the hydrocephalus regressed completely and he returned to work. Six years later, he experienced constipation and general fatigue. CT and echotomography of the abdomen showed a large peritoneal tumor and ascites. Laboratory investigation demonstrated serum levels of AFP 7640 ng/ml and HCG 150 IU/l, and high ascitic levels of AFP 12,890 ng/ml and HCG 1030 IU/l. AFP and HCG levels regressed after combined chemotherapy. However, he died due to leukopenia and pneumonia. Autopsy found no metastasis of tumor cells to the central nervous system. The peritoneal cavity contained hemorrhagic fluid and a large tumor 4100 g in weight. The tip of the V-P shunt tube was in front of the tumor. No neoplasm was found in the testis, retroperitoneal cavity, thymus, and other organs. The microscopic appearance of the peritoneal tumor was different to the first pineal tumor. The neoplasm was confirmed as a mixed germ cell tumor with teratoma components and suspected to be a metastasis of the pineal tumor through the V-P shunt system.
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PMID:[Abdominal metastasis of a pineal region tumor through ventriculoperitoneal shunt. Case report]. 172 35

A 38-year-old man presented with a cavernous hemangioma in the liver. Transarterial embolization (TAE) using a gelatin sponge was carried out 14 days prior to surgical resection of the tumor. Granulomatous arteritis with massive infiltration by eosinophilic leukocytes and histiocytes was present at the periphery of the hemangioma, and transient eosinophilia in the peripheral blood occurred six days after resection. Granulomatous arteritis was evident in medium-sized arteries and there was narrowing or occlusion of the vascular lumen. In the granulomatous cellular infiltrates in the arteries, giant cells of the foreign body type were numerous. An eosinophilic substance differing from fibrin was present in some of the vascular lumina. As this showed staining for collagen, it was considered likely to be fragments of the gelatin sponge. The patient had no symptoms of fever, chills or general fatigue. The clinical course and pathologic findings suggest a causative role of the gelatin sponge in this case of granulomatous arteritis. Vascular change, a rare complication of TAE therapy, may be induced by a hypersensitivity reaction against the intra-arterial gelatin sponge.
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PMID:Granulomatous arteritis with massive eosinophilic leukocyte infiltration and transient peripheral eosinophilia subsequent to transarterial embolization therapy with a gelatin sponge. 175 Mar 58

A Phase I/II clinical trial was designed for patients with malignancies of the liver and porta hepatis. This protocol employed three concepts: a) boost treatment to gross tumor within the liver for selected patients, determined by the dose-volume histogram (DVH) of the normal liver that would be irradiated by boost treatment; b) concurrent use of intraarterial hepatic 5-fluorodeoxyuridine (FdUrd) as a radiosensitizer; and c) hyperfractionation (1.5 Gy fractions given bid greater than 4 hr apart). This report describes the results of treatment of the first 33 patients entered onto this study, with a minimum follow-up of 1 year. Twenty patients received only whole liver irradiation (33 Gy). Thirteen patients were treated with whole liver irradiation (30 Gy) plus a 15 Gy (6 patients) or 30 Gy (7 patients) boost (total 45 Gy and 60 Gy to the tumor, respectively). Forty-eight percent of the evaluable patients (14/29) had an objective response, based on CT scan. The median duration of response was 8 months. The chief toxicities were fatigue, nausea, gastritis, and diarrhea, which were less than or equal to grade 2 in severity. Two patients developed mild radiation hepatitis which was treated successfully with diuretics. These data suggest that the treatment of intrahepatic malignancies can be guided by the concept of DVH analysis of the normal liver to allow the safe administration of doses of radiation that are potentially tumoricidal and are well above those that would be predicted to be tolerable for the whole liver.
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PMID:Treatment of cancers involving the liver and porta hepatis with external beam irradiation and intraarterial hepatic fluorodeoxyuridine. 184 63

Malignant carcinoid tumors with the carcinoid syndrome has over the years presented a therapeutic challenge. Surgery is the treatment of choice in local disease but when liver metastases have developed other treatment procedures must be considered. Conventional chemotherapy has been of little benefit, whereas a new somatostatin analogue octreotide gives a good control of clinical symptoms but not of tumor progression. Interferon treatment was introduced in 1982 by our group and we are now presenting results of medical treatment in 130 patients with histologically verified malignant carcinoid tumors and liver metastases. One hundred and eleven patients were treated with alpha-interferon, whereas 19 patients received conventional chemotherapy. Forty-seven out of 111 patients (42%) treated with alpha-interferon demonstrated a significant biochemical response and 15% also more than 50% reduction of tumor size. In another 43 (39%) patients stabilization of the carcinoid disease was noted whereas 21 (19%) showed progressive disease. The median duration of response was 34 months. Subjective response with improvement of diarrheas, flush and/or bronchoconstriction was noticed in 76 patients (68%). Among the 19 patients treated with conventional chemotherapy only 2 showed biochemical response and it lasted only for 3-5 months. The patients treated with chemotherapy had a median survival of only 8 months compared with 80+ months in the group treated with alpha-interferon. The adverse reactions of alpha-interferon are manageable and consist mainly of fatigue, weight reduction and reduction of blood cell counts. Neutralizing interferon antibodies might occur in patients treated with recombinant alpha-interferons (5-15%).
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PMID:The role of interferons in the management of carcinoid tumors. 185 9

H65-RTA is an immunoconjugate that consists of the A chain of ricin (RTA), a ribosomal-inhibiting protein, coupled to a murine monoclonal antibody (H65) directed against the pan-T-cell antigen CD5. The CD5 antigen is heterogeneously expressed on cutaneous T-cell lymphoma tumor cells, but is not expressed on normal cells except lymphocytes. A phase I trial was therefore conducted in which 14 patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma progressive on other therapies were treated with up to three cycles of H65-RTA. The maximal tolerated dose (MTD) of H65-RTA was 0.33 mg/kg/d administered intravenously for 10 days as defined by dyspnea at rest at higher doses. Other reversible side effects included myalgia, mild hypoalbuminemia with weight gain, pedal edema, fatigue, fevers, and chills. Six patients received more than one cycle of H65-RTA without increased side effects compared with the first cycle. Pharmacokinetic analysis showed that peak serum drug levels were dose-dependent, and ranged from 1.13 to 5.56 micrograms/mL, with a terminal half-life ranging from 1.0 to 2.9 hours. The development of antibodies against the immunoconjugate was associated with a lower peak drug level, but not with enhanced side effects. Partial responses lasting from 3 to 8 months were documented in four patients. Three of the responding patients received more than one cycle of H65-RTA in the presence of anti-immunoconjugate antibodies. The results from this phase I trial suggest that H65-RTA is an active drug in the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. The immunoconjugate may be safely administered repeatedly, even in the presence of anti-immunoconjugate antibodies, with responses noted. Additional studies at the MTD are needed to define the response rate in this disease.
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PMID:Phase I trial of H65-RTA immunoconjugate in patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. 187 84

Fourteen patients with metastatic carcinoid tumors were treated with recombinant interferon alpha-2b at a dosage of 3-4 x 10(6) IU s.c. daily or every second day. No objective tumor regression was observed. Six out of 8 patients with carcinoids of the ileum and the caecum showed stable disease lasting for a median of 25 months (range 4-57). In 3 out of 6 patients with carcinoids of rectum, lung and of unknown primary site, stable disease was observed lasting for 2-7 months. The remaining patients had progressive disease. Six out of 9 evaluable patients had a more than 50% reduction of urinary 24 h 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid excretion lasting for a median of 4 months (range 2-11). Decrease of flushing was noticed in 3 out of 6 evaluable patients and decrease of diarrhea in 5 out of 9 evaluable patients. In 4 patients dose reduction was necessary due to confusion and fatigue.
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PMID:Treatment of metastatic carcinoid tumors and the carcinoid syndrome with recombinant interferon alpha. 189 78

A combination of oral zidovudine (250 mg twice daily) and subcutaneous interferon-alpha (10 x 10(6) units daily) was evaluated for clinical, antiretroviral, and immunological efficacy and for side effects in 17 patients with AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma. Fifteen patients were evaluable. During the study period of 12 weeks, tumor responses were complete in two patients and partial in two patients (27% major response rate). Minimal responses were seen in two patients (40% overall response rate). An anti-HIV effect (reduction of serum p24 antigen by 70% or more) was observed in seven of ten evaluable patients who were initially antigenemic. CD4 lymphocyte counts remained unchanged. In six patients who had either a tumor response or a marked decline of HIV antigenemia, the treatment was continued between 12 and 59 weeks beyond the study period. Two of four patients with tumor regression at 12 weeks had an additional tumor response in this period despite prior dose reduction of interferon due to toxicity. Late progression of KS was eventually observed in four of six patients on prolonged treatment. The responsiveness of Kaposi's sarcoma seen in this study in patients with low CD4 counts and prior constitutional symptoms (fever, weight loss) was unexpected and needs further confirmation by larger patient groups. Dose-limiting toxicities were bone marrow depression (severe anemia in four and neutropenia with anemia in two patients), subjective adverse experiences (fever, fatigue, myalgia; four patients) and both (two patients).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Combined treatment with zidovudine and lymphoblast interferon-alpha in patients with HIV-related Kaposi's sarcoma. 190 99

This study was undertaken to define the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of recombinant interleukin-2 (IL-2) that could be combined with a fixed dose of alpha-2a-interferon (alpha-IFN) in an outpatient setting. The schedule called for IL-2 to be given by a 2-hour intravenous infusion 5 days a week for 4 weeks. The alpha-IFN was given at a dose of 6 x 10(6) U/m2/d intramuscularly 3 days per week (Monday, Wednesday, and Friday). The IL-2 dose was escalated in four dose levels from 1 to 4 x 10(6) U/m2/d. The MTD in this study of 17 patients was at the fourth dose level of IL-2 (4 x 10(6) U/m2/d). In addition to the usual IL-2 toxicities, debilitating fatigue limited outpatient administration of this dose. Although the response rate was low, with partial responses seen in only 1 of 15 patients, 2 of 5 patients with melanoma treated at the higher dose levels had objective tumor shrinkage with one partial and one minor response. Thus, an IL-2 dose of 3 x 10(6) U/m2/d combined with a recombinant alpha-2a-IFN dose of 6 x 10(6) U/m2/d is recommended for Phase II studies.
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PMID:A phase I study of an outpatient regimen of recombinant human interleukin-2 and alpha-2a-interferon in patients with solid tumors. 191 12


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