Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Patients with an endolymphatic sac tumor (ELST) typically present with palsy of cranial nerves VII and/or VIII; other presenting symptoms include hearing loss, otalgia, occipital headaches, cranial nerve palsies, vertigo, gait ataxia, tinnitus, and otorrhea. ELSTs are extremely vascular, and they can invade and destroy temporal bone. Because of these characteristics, they are often mistaken for glomus tumors of the skull base. We describe the clinical presentation, evaluation, and management of ELSTs based on our review of the limited literature and our experience with 3 adults who presented to our tertiary care referral center with large ELSTs. Although these patients presented late in the course of their disease, their symptoms were relatively minor. Preoperative tumor embolization was performed, anda near-complete resection was achieved via an extended transotic approach in all 3 patients. The facial nerve was preserved without transposition in the first patient, the second patient underwent a primary nerve anastomosis, and the third required a cable graft of the facial nerve. Postoperative radiation therapy was administered to 2 of these patients. Follow-up by MRI detected no evidence of recurrence in any of the 3 patients.
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PMID:Endolymphatic sac tumor: a report of 3 cases and discussion of management. 1731 32

Many patients who present with otalgia have a normal otological examination, and a distant source of pain must be considered. The ear receives an extensive sensory innervation arising from six nerve roots. Many other structures in the head, neck and thorax share a common neuronal pathway with the ear, and these tissues represent the possible sites of disease in the cases of referred otalgia. Consequently, the differential diagnosis is extensive and varied. Making an accurate diagnosis relies on an understanding of the complex distribution of nerve fibres and a structured approach to patient assessment. This article aims to classify the aetiology of referred otalgia and to outline current treatments for these conditions. The origins of referred otalgia may be as remote as the cranial cavity and thorax; however, dental disease, tonsillitis, temporomandibular joint disorders and cervical spine pathology represent the most frequent causes. Ear pain may also be the first sign of a head and neck malignancy. Patients complaining of otalgia, with risk factors for an aerodigestive neoplasm, and a normal ENT examination require an urgent otolaryngological opinion.
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PMID:Referred otalgia: a structured approach to diagnosis and treatment. 1750 63

Facial nerve hemangioma is a rare benign tumor that originates from the venous plexus surrounding the facial nerve. A case of facial nerve hemangioma in the geniculate ganglion was reported. A 47-year-old man was referred with a left progressive facial palsy over 1 year. There were no complaints of associated hearing loss, tinnitus, headache, dizziness or otalgia. He had a left-side grade VI (House and Brackmann) facial palsy. Audiometry revealed normal hearing thresholds in conversation area bilaterally. CT imaging demonstrated a tumor at the left first genu of the facial nerve with expansion to the cochlea wall and middle skull base. MRI imaging demonstrated a centrally enhancing lesion measuring 5 mm x 10 mm in the geniculate ganglion. The tumor was totally removed by the middle cranial fossa approach. At the time of surgery the facial nerve was destroyed by the tumor in the geniculate ganglion. Histopathological examination diagnosed a hemangioma.
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PMID:A case report of facial nerve hemangioma. 1754 81

Synovial cell sarcoma is a relatively rare tumor of mesenchymal origin. It is a high-grade neoplasm that microscopically shows a monophasic or biphasic cellular pattern and includes epithelial features as well as supporting tissue features. Surgical excision is the primary mode of treatment. Postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy also is seen to be helpful. Between 3% and 10% of cases originate in the head and neck. A review of relevant literature shows less than 10 cases of synovial cell sarcoma of the temporomandibular joint area reported in the English literature. We report an additional case of biphasic synovial cell sarcoma arising in the temporomandibular joint area, which caused ear pain, tinnitus, and hearing loss, and we further discuss the clinical features, histopathology, differential diagnosis, and treatment modality.
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PMID:Synovial sarcoma of the temporomandibular joint area: report of a case. 1770 67

Jugulo-tympanic paraganglioma is the most commonly recognized neoplasia involving the middle ear, arising from chemopressure receptors. Clinical presentation is variable, with otalgia, dizziness and cranial nerve palsies. This tumor usually occurs in middle aged women and its presentation may be familiar, sporadic, bilateral or multicentric. In the present case the patients presented with otalgia and bradyacusia diagnosed with chronic otitis. A bleeding polypoid lesion in middle ear was seen during surgery. Frozen section of intraoperative specimen showed monomorphic cells organized into nests, without aspects of malignancy, into a highly vascularized stroma. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed two type of cells: chief cells immunostained for chromogranin and synaptophysin and sustentacular cells immunostained for S-100 protein. Clinical presentation of jugulotympanic paraganglioma, when it isn't associated with evidence of hormone secretion, is referred prevalently to bradyacusia, dizziness, and cranial nerve palsies. In event of localized disease, paragangliomas often can be treated by surgical excision, but some cases need radiation therapy.
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PMID:[Jugulotympanic paraganglioma]. 1798 28

This report describes a rare case of metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) presenting a huge mass in the left external auditory canal (EAC). The patient was a 55-year-old man with hepatitis B virus-related HCC. He presented to our department with a three-month history of increasing left otalgia, and hearing loss with recent fresh aural bleeding. Histopathologic examination indicated that the tumor was secondary to HCC. Although external irradiation was not effective, the tumor was treated with surgical debulking and high dose rate 192 Ir remote afterloading system (RALS) for postoperative intracavitary irradiation. A review of the literature revealed only five other cases of HCC metastasis to the temporal bone, all of which mainly metastasized in the internal acoustic meatus. The present case is the first report of HCC metastasis to the EAC.
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PMID:Metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma of the external auditory canal. 1808 Dec 36

We report an unusual presentation of a salivary pleomorphic adenoma in the uvula. The adenoma caused otalgia and hypernasal speech in a patient without additional symptoms. The tumor was surgically excised with safe margins of the healthy tissue. After the excision of the mass, the new uvula was reconstructed through modified radiofrequency-assisted uvulopalatoplasty technique. After the treatment, the patient has remained disease-free for 1 year.
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PMID:Otalgia due to the pleomorphic adenoma of uvula. 1930 61

Granular cell tumors (GCTs) are uncommon neoplasm. They can originate in any part of the body. The most common sites of origin are in the head and neck, while the larynx is a relatively uncommon location. Patients affected with a laryngeal GCT typically present with persistent hoarseness, stridor, hemoptysis, dysphagia, and otalgia but, the tumor may be asymptomatic. Care must be taken to differentiate this lesion from others due to the presence of pseudo-epitheliomatous hyperplasia which overlies the GCT and may occasionally mimic squamous cell carcinoma. Therefore, a confirmative diagnosis should be made histopathologically and should be supported by immunohistochemical staining. These tumors are treated by complete surgical resection. Examining the complete removal of the tumor through securing a negative free margin is considered to be a consequential procedure. We experienced a 64-yr-old man with a laryngeal granular cell tumor involving the right true vocal cord. He was treated by surgical resection under a fine dissection laryngomicroscope. Here we present this case and a review of literature.
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PMID:Granular cell tumor on larynx. 2037 4

Otalgia and/or impairment of hearing is one of the earliest, if not the first, symptom of certain pharyngeal and laryngeal disorders. Underestimation of these conditions or incorrect interpretation of their origin frequently lead to erroneous diagnosis and the wrong choice of treatment strategy. A total of 1074 patients with pharyngeal and laryngeal problems were available for examination that revealed pathologies in which otalgia and/or impairment of hearing is the first or an earlier symptom of the disease. Otalgia proved to be an early manifestation of serious inflammatory diseases affecting the middle part of the pharynx or of metastasis of malignant pharyngeal and laryngeal tumours into deep cervical lymph nodes. Juvenile angiofibroma, hemangiouma, malignant nasopharyngeal tumour are known to disturb functional automatism of pharyngeal openings of Eustachian tubes and cause impairment of hearing long before clinical manifestations of neoplastic growth. Results of diagnostic studies are usually interpreted as middle ear pathology (tubootitis, exudative otitis, middle ear inflammation). Correct diagnosis is possible within 1-12 months (or more) after the appearance of the first symptoms. An error is possible to avoid by thorough examination of the pharynx using endoscopic optics. Target biopsy is indicated as soon as neoplastic microlesions are identified excepting cases of branched arterial-type hemangiomas.
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PMID:[Otalgia and impairment of hearing in the diagnosis of inflammatory and tumorous diseases of the pharynx and larynx]. 2051 71

Common causes of hiccups are over-distension of the stomach, a sudden change in gastrointestinal temperature, excessive alcohol and tobacco ingestion, and sudden excitement or emotional changes. Common presenting symptoms of sarcoidosis include cough, dyspnea, and chest pain. It is very rare for a sarcoidosis patient to present with hiccups. A 48-year-old man presented with hiccups of 2 weeks' duration. He denied having headaches, earache, cough, abdominal pain, fever, or body weight loss history. On physical examination, he had no peripheral lymphadenopathies in the neck, axilla and inguinal regions, no organomegaly in the abdomen and no skin abnormalities. A neurological examination showed normal findings. Laboratory investigations revealed a normal complete blood count, liver function, renal function, serum calcium, and tumor markers. Transabdominal ultrasound was negative, and panendoscopy revealed a small healing duodenal ulcer. Chest radiography showed an enlarged right lung hilum, while computed tomography showed enlargement of multiple mediastinal lymph nodes. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration with a 22-gauge needle and trucut biopsy with a 19-gauge needle (quick-core biopsy needle) were performed, and cytology, cell block and histology revealed non-caseating granuloma, with negative tuberculous and fungus cultures. Mediastinal lymph node due to sarcoidosis can be a rare cause of hiccups.
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PMID:An uncommon cause of hiccups: sarcoidosis presenting solely as hiccups. 2155 4


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