Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We report a case of a 70-year-old woman admitted to our hospital with sudden headache, drowsiness and hyponatremia. MRI on admission showed an intrasellar mass with suprasellar extension. Serum examination revealed decreased sodium and hypopituitarism, but they were normalized gradually by compensation using hydrocortisone, thyroid hormone and salt. Afterwards, masked diabetes insipidus appeared and required aqueous pitressin for the control of urine volume. A removal operation was performed uneventfully using the transsphenoidal approach and histological examination confirmed squamous-papillary type craniopharyngioma. Intratumoral hemorrhage of the craniopharyngioma is extremely rare. These cases tend to occur after over 15 years of maturation and the squamous-papillary type tend to bleed more than the adamantinomatous type. However, it is very difficult to make a differential diagnosis between craniopharyngioma with intratumoral hemorrhage and pituitary apoplexy, judging only by symptoms or interventional radiology. The definite mechanism of hyponatremia associated with a parasellar lesion is still obscure, but compression to the anterior hypothalamus or pituitary gland by an enlargement of the parasellar tumor is generally hypothesized.
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PMID:[Craniopharyngioma presenting a symptom of pituitary apoplexy and hyponatremia: a case report]. 1119 34

Sleep disordered breathing (SDB), i.e., obstructive, central or mixed sleep apneas, has been recognized as a common occurrence in the elderly. Aging is per se associated with a decrease in the quality of sleep; SDB may further disrupt the sleep architecture in older subjects. The prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) increases with aging; available studies report prevalence rates of 11-62%. Furthermore, OSA has been associated with increased mortality in older adults. Central apneas and periodic breathing occur with increased frequency either in subjects with neurological disorders such as infarction, tumor, sequelae of infection, diffuse encephalopathies, or in chronic heart failure. Patients with cerebrovascular disease (stroke, or transient ischemic attacks) have a markedly high prevalence of SDB, mainly OSA. In these patients, SDB is associated with a poorer functional prognosis at 3 and 12 months after the acute event, and a higher mortality. The clinical impact of SDB on cognitive function appears to be modest in patients without dementia, although there is a moderate increase in daytime sleepiness. In Alzheimer's disease (AD) however, SDB occurs more frequently than in non-demented older subjects, and its severity is correlated with the degree of cognitive impairment. The hypothesis of a causal relationship between AD and SDB remains a subject of controversy. The possibility of SDB should be considered in the elderly in the differential diagnosis of "reversible dementias", increased daytime sleepiness, or unexplained right-sided heart failure.
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PMID:Sleep disordered breathing in the elderly. 1121 51

Intracranial metastases from malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) are rare, particularly with associated hemorrhage. This article reports one case and presents a review of the literature on this topic. A 55-year-old man presented with acute drowsiness, aphasia and right homonymous hemianopsia and hemiparesis. The first CT scan showed a left occipitoparietal hematoma and the second one, nodular, contrast-enhanced lesions. He had been previously operated on soft tissues MFH. Lung metastases developed subsequently. A craniotomy was performed with evacuation of the hematoma and total gross resection of the mass lesions. Microscopic examination disclosed a metastasis from a MFH. Neoangiogenesis, stimulated by angiogenic growth factors, seems to take part in this vascular, stroke-like event. Due to longer survivals of patients harboring systemic sarcomas, these tumors should be considered in the differential diagnosis of intracranial neoplasms, whether hemorrhagic or not. In particular, history of a previous soft tissue or heart tumor associated with lung metastasis should evoke the possibility of MFH metastasis.
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PMID:Brain metastases of a malignant fibrous histiocytoma presenting as an acute cerebral hemorrhage. 1132 99

Based on evidence that granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) induces a potent systemic antitumor immunity, we tested recombinant GM-CSF in advanced melanoma. Seven patients with histologically confirmed cutaneous melanoma metastases were treated with perilesional intracutaneous injections of recombinant GM-CSF and observed for a follow-up time of 5 y. All but two patients had a decrease in the total number of metastases. At the end of the 5 y follow-up three of the seven patients are still alive with only one patient receiving other than surgical therapy, and one patient died tumor free at the age of 93. The remaining three patients died from progressive melanoma. Perilesional intradermal GM-CSF therapy resulted in a mean survival time of 33 mo. The treatment was well tolerated and no side-effects other than local erythema at the injection sites and mild drowsiness were seen. Immunohistochemical analysis with staining for CD14 and GM-CSF receptor demonstrated an increased infiltration of monocytes into both injected and noninjected cutaneous melanoma metastases compared with lesions excised prior to the initiation of therapy. The same was true for CD4- and CD8-positive lymphocytes. This phenomenon, together with GM-CSF-induced leukocyte counts of more than 20,000 during therapy, support the possible impact of a systemic over a locally induced reaction by GM-CSF. To our knowledge this is the first report that intracutaneously injected GM-CSF results in long-lasting reduction of melanoma metastases.
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PMID:Perilesional injection of r-GM-CSF in patients with cutaneous melanoma metastases. 1151 18

Subacute diencephalic angioencephalopathy (SDAE) is a rare and fatal disease of unknown etiology that involves the thalami bilaterally. To date, there have been four cases reported, in which the diagnosis was established only after post mortem examination of the brain. We report two male patients, ages 69 and 41 years, who presented with progressive dementia and somnolence. Radiological evaluation revealed enhancing lesions involving both thalami. The differential diagnosis included a number of neoplastic, inflammatory and vascular processes. In both cases, pathological evaluation of biopsy specimens suggested the diagnosis of SDAE. Despite supportive care, the disease progressed rapidly and both patients died within weeks after initial presentation. The diagnosis was confirmed at autopsy in both cases. SDAE is a rare cause of bithalamic disease that can be mistaken for a neoplasm as well as a number of conditions that necessitate different treatment choices. The histopathological findings can establish the diagnosis when combined with radiological and clinical information. This report emphasizes the utility of stereotactic biopsy in early diagnosis of SDAE.
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PMID:Subacute diencephalic angioencephalopathy: biopsy diagnosis and radiological features of a rare entity. 1153 56

A case of extracerebellar lipomatous primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) areas is reported. A 44-year-old woman who had been on antipsychotic agents for schizophrenia complained of hemiparesis and drowsiness. She deteriorated progressively and died 3 months later. The autopsy revealed a huge, ill-defined tumor located from right basal ganglia to brain stem. Microscopically, the tumor consisted of three distinct components: clusters of small primitive cells consistent with PNET, mature lipoma-like islands, and a GBM-like component. Neuronal differentiation in PNET areas was confirmed by the presence of Homer Wright rosette, synaptophysin-positive fibrillary background, and ultrastructural demonstration of neuritic processes. Lipoma-like areas composed of lipidized cells containing large lipid droplets were intimately intermingled and closely related with PNET areas. Furthermore, GBM areas were, although predominantly located in the brain stem, often blended with the previous two components. This component was characterized by glial fibrillary acid protein immunoreactivity of atypical tumor cells and the presence of necrosis and endothelial proliferation. PNET areas with lipomatous differentiation in the present tumor may suggest the morphological and histogenetic similarity to liponeurocytoma, although the neuronal element in the former was anaplastic. The association with a GBM component makes the present tumor a unique, and, to our knowledge, previously unrecognized lesion.
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PMID:Lipomatous primitive neuroectodermal tumor with a glioblastoma component: a case report. 1181 Jan 87

The formation of an epidural hematoma from an eosinophilic granuloma of the skull is an exceptional occurrence. A 9-year-old boy presented with severe headache, somnolence and vomiting following a minor head injury. Cranial computerized tomography scan showed a seemingly depressed skull fracture together with an epidural hematoma in evolution. A neoplasm and an epidural hematoma were removed at operation. Histopathological study of the excised mass confirmed the diagnosis of eosinophilic granuloma.
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PMID:Epidural hematoma from a cranial eosinophilic granuloma. 1193 49

Benzamide riboside (BR), a synthetic C-nucleoside, acts as a strong growth inhibitor of cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. BR, like TR and related nucleoside prodrugs, act by anabolism to NAD analogs. These analogs selectively inhibit IMPDH, leading to depletion of cellular GTP, growth cessation, and cell differentiation. To date only preclinical studies have been carried out. However, in tiazofurin (TR), a related drug, phase I/II clinical trials have been conducted in patients with acute leukemia and shown to be a very promising agent with a response rate of 85% in 26 patients in one of the trials. Tiazofurin is now undergoing phase III clinical trials as a result. Dose limiting toxicity of tiazofurin was headache, somnolence and nausea with no myelosuppression noted. By contrast, BR showed skeletal muscle toxicity, hepatotoxicity and myelosuppression in preclinical data. Skeletal muscle toxicity was noted in the paraspinal muscles and may represent dose-limiting toxicity. Since BR does exhibit myelosuppression, the most common chemotherapy-related side effect in humans, careful judgment is warranted should BR be included in multidrug regimens, although BR's potent cytotoxicity to tumor cells in preclinical models still makes it a promising drug.
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PMID:Toxicity and efficacy of benzamide riboside in cancer chemotherapy models. 1196 43

Anemia is a frequent complication of cancer and its treatment. It often impairs the functional status of patients and results in decreased functional capacity and quality of life. Its etiologies are multiple, including chronic inflammation, hemorrhage, nutritional deficiencies, hemolysis, bone marrow suppression by chemotherapy, or infiltration by tumor. It can manifest as feelings of weariness, tiredness, muscular weakness, dysphoric mood, somnolence, or impaired cognitive functioning. In gynecologic patients, the incidence of anemia has been reported to be as high as 80% depending on chemotherapy regimen. Given the various consequences of a low hemoglobin level, the importance of increasing or maintaining hemoglobin levels and ameliorating the symptoms is apparent. Clinical studies have demonstrated that the administration of recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO, epoetin alfa) is effective and safe in increasing hemoglobin levels and improving the overall quality of life in patients with gynecologic cancers undergoing chemotherapy. Therefore, epoetin alfa treatment should be considered in this patient population.
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PMID:The impact of anemia and its treatment on patients with gynecologic malignancies. 1208 47

Struma ovarii is an infrequent ovarian tumor, and there are only few reports with detailed data of thyroid function. In several cases, malignant struma ovarii have been shown to produce hyperthyroidism, but there is no reported case of hypothyroidism following struma ovarii tumor resection. A 62-year-old white woman underwent right ovary resection that had a pathologic diagnosis of struma ovarii. After 6 days, she developed weakness, myalgia, somnolence, nausea, and arterial hypotension. Laboratory tests showed a high level of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and a decreased level thyroxin. Thyroxin replacement therapy was initiated, and the patient became completely asymptomatic. This is the first reported case of a previously asymptomatic woman who developed a definite clinical hypothyroidism after resection of a struma ovarii tumor.
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PMID:Hypothyroidism following struma ovarii tumor resection: a case report. 1211 69


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